Don ajiye kayan lambu a cikin hunturu ba tare da asarar ba shine aiki mai wuyar gaske da ke buƙatar ilmi na musamman. Mutane da yawa manoma da masu aikin lambu da suka yi nasara wajen bunkasa dankali, albasa, karas, beets, kabeji da wasu albarkatu masu tushe, rasa har zuwa rabin amfanin gona a lokacin hunturu. Yadda za a kare iyalinka daga asarar ba dole ba kuma adana kayan amfani masu kayan lambu? Mene ne hanyoyin da za a adana kyawawan amfanin gona a cikin birane da karkara? Bari mu gwada shi.
Yadda za'a adana dankali
Dankali, albasa, karas, beets da kabeji su ne kayan gargajiyar gargajiya wanda ke samar da abinci na shekara guda ga mutane. Ajiye albarkatun noma daga girbi don girbi ya samo fasaha mai dorewa daga masu shuka kayan lambu, gwajin lokaci.
Girbin shiri
Shiri dankali don ajiya ajiya farawa a lokacin girbi. Akwai hanyoyin da za a adana farkon da kuma marigayi irin wannan tushen.
Ananan nau'o'in da aka girbe a lokacin watanni na rani ba'a nufin don ajiya na dogon lokaci. Matashi dankali suna da fata mai laushi, wanda sauƙin lalacewa lokacin da yake digging, don haka tsawon lokacin "gado" shine watanni 4-5.
Cututtuka da kuma kwari ganima dankali ba kawai a lokacin namo, don haka yana da muhimmanci a adana kawai amfanin gona mai kyau ba tare da bugawa tubers. Daya daga cikin wadannan cututtuka shine marigayi blight, wanda zai haifar da dankalin turawa.
Kafin kwanta barci dan dankali a cikin ajiya, an tsara shi a hankali. An kwantar da tsire-tsire, kuma an bar dukan amfanin gona a cikin yankin da aka jiyya don kwanakin 5-6 don warkar da ƙananan lalacewa ga kwasfa.
Bayan girbi, alamar dankali sun bar su a bushe a cikin wani wuri da aka bude a karkashin rufi don makonni biyu, saboda haka an lalace da sauran raunuka. A cikin zafin jiki na digiri na Celsius 21, wannan tsari yana faruwa ne da sauri.
Bayan da aka tsufa, ana shuka jinsin dankali. Ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna barin don iri, masu yawa don amfanin kansu, ƙananan ƙananan dabbobi da masu lalata suna ciyar da dabbobi.
Yanayi don tanadi
Dole ne a tabbatar da cewa a lokacin bushewa hasken rana kai tsaye ba ya fadi kan dankali, kuma yawan zafin jiki ba ya wuce digirin Celsius 24-24.
Bayan aikin farko, an saka sabon dankali a cikin kwalaye na katako ko a pallets. Mafi yawan zazzabi a cikin cellar don ajiya kayan lambu ya zama digiri na 4-5.
An kafa jinsin amfanin gona na marigayi iri iri a cikin cellar ko tara. A cikin cellar, an ajiye dankali a cikin kwalaye na katako ko a pallets. Idan an yi ajiya a tara, girman tsawo kada ya wuce mita daya.
Shekaru na kwarewa ya nuna cewa tare da dukkan hanyoyi na ajiyar tsawo tsakanin rufi da saman dankali dankali ya zama akalla rabin mita. Wajibi ne don yanayin iska na al'ada kuma ya hana juyawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mafi yawan zafin jiki a cikin cellar don adana marigayi dankali ya zama digiri na uku. Tare da zafi na 85-90%, tubers ba su yarda sprouts na dogon lokaci da riƙe su na asali elasticity.Ma'aikata na City dacha, wadanda suka ajiye dankali a cikin cellars, gine-gine da kuma subfields, shirya wuri a kai a gaba. An yi tsabtace kayan, an kawar da cututtuka na anti-fungal (shirye-shiryen fukaci, mafitacin rashin ƙarfi na wormwood), sa'annan ana kwantar da hanzari, kuma katako da katako sunyi tsabta tare da wani bayani na lemun tsami.
Mazauna da manoma da suka shuka dankali don sayarwa, adana shi a cikin rami da sutura. Yawancin lokaci, ana kiran rami a wuraren tsafi don kauce wa hadarin ambaliya. Ana kwantar da tuber tare da yadudduka na hay, kuma an rufe saman launi tare da kwanciyar wuri na bambaro ko matting, sa'an nan kuma an zubar da ƙasa mai zurfi goma a saman.
Yana da muhimmanci! Sakamako mafi kyau a cikin rami na kayan lambu bai kamata ya kasance ƙasa da Celsius digiri 3 ba. Lokacin da yawan iska yana ƙasa da digiri daya, dankalin turawa yana samun dandano mai dadi.
Tanadin albasa: yadda za a adana kayan lambu da kyau domin hunturu
Shiri na albasa domin hunturu ajiya farawa a mataki na maturation. Gwararrun masana'antu suna ba da kulawa ga kayan lambu. Ba su da izinin lalata ƙasa don shuka don "kada su shiga cikin babban gashin tsuntsaye".
Yana da muhimmanci! Rashin ruwa mai yawa da yawan gashin tsuntsu yana taimakawa wajen tarawa a cikin jiki na kwan fitila, wanda zai haifar da bayyanar farkon cututtuka da cututtuka.
Shirye-shiryen kayan lambu
Girman albasarta yana da ƙayyadaddun launi na albasa da ke cikin gonar da ƙididdigar fuka-fukan. Idan gashin gashin ya fadi kuma ya fadi a ƙasa, to lokacin ya yi girbi.
Shin kuna sani? Ba duk kwararan fitila ba ne a lokaci ɗaya. An ba da albarkatun da ba a bar su cikin ƙasa ba, amma an cire su tare da cikakke, tun da ba kome ba ne don ajiye shi a kan gado: ba zai ba da gashin tsuntsaye mai cikakke ba kuma zai "gajiya" don amfani da shi.
- Ya kamata girbi ya fara da safe kuma zai fi dacewa a cikin yanayin rana. Masana masu kwarewa ba su fitar da tsire-tsire daga ƙasa ba tare da hannayensu, amma da farko ka fara a cikin kayan don kada su lalata kwan fitila.
- Bayan girbi, an bushe albasarta na kwana biyu ko uku a sararin sama, guje wa hasken rana kai tsaye. Pre-bushewa na kwararan fitila an kammala shi ta hanyar pruning da peeling 'ya'yan itace.
- An yanke gashin tsuntsu, yana barin busassun harbe har zuwa 10 centimeters, kuma an cire wasu asalinsu tare da wutsiya har zuwa kashi biyu cikin centimeters. An kwafa kwararan fitila daga hannu daga ƙasa kuma sun lalace. Bayan sunyi bushewa, yankan da peeling, albasa an shimfida a karshe na dosushku a jere daya, don haka 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su hadu da juna ba. Dole ya kamata a yi dakin da kyau kuma a bushe. Wannan na iya zama hawan ko baranda, a gaba ɗaya, duk wani wuri ba tare da laima ba kuma hasken rana kai tsaye.
Shin kuna sani? Akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda aka gano don adana albasarta. Kakanin kakanninmu sun fi son ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin tsararru. Al'umma da aka yi da takalma suna da alamun da ba'a iya bawa ba a gidan hutawa, wani birni mai bourgeois da kuma abincin mai masaukin baki a wuraren zama. A cikin manyan gonaki, an kiyaye albasarta a cikin hunturu a cikin jaka, waɗanda aka kafa a cikin jere guda a busassun gine-ginen da barns. A lokutan Soviet, ƙirƙirar 'yan mata masu kyange sun kulla kullun mata da kwararan fitila kuma sun rataye su a kan ƙusa a cikin hanyoyi na kundunan Khrushchev.
Mafi kyau yawan zazzabi da zafi
A yau, manyan gonaki sun fi son adana albasa a cikin kwalaye na katako wanda aka sanya a cikin ginshiki tare da samun iska. Wani lokaci ana sanya dukkan amfanin gona a kan pallets da aka saka tare da Layer ba sama da 30 centimeters ba. Ya kamata a cikin gida ya zama m zafi daga 60 zuwa 70%. Masana masu kwarewa sun san cewa albasa ya kamata a adana daban daga wasu kayan lambu da ke buƙatar babban zafi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Duk waɗannan hanyoyi na ajiya na hunturu na albasarta sun hada da yanayi guda uku: bushewa, iska da iska da kuma kasancewar zafin jiki mafi kyau. Ajiye kayan lambu daga digiri na Celsius 10-20.
Carrot Storage Technology
Karas suna daya daga cikin albarkatun gona na "capricious", yanayin ajiya wanda yake tare da matsaloli na fasaha. Duk abin da ke da muhimmanci a nan: daga zabi na iri zuwa tsari na wuraren ajiya.
Karin bayani a cikin shiri
Masana masu kwarewa sun fara shirya karas don ajiyar hunturu ta hanyar ƙayyade lokacin girbi. Duk da cewa kayan lambu na iya "zama" a gonar sanyi, ba za ka iya jinkirta girbi ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwayoyin lambu sun daɗe da yawa da aka sani cewa digging karas da wuri suna rage adadin sukari a cikin amfanin gona mai tushe kuma yana rage yawan halayen samfurin kuma, a akasin wannan, latti yana taimakawa ta wuce haddi, wanda ya sa tushen kayan lambu mai ban sha'awa ga rodents..
- Ana amfani da girbi a lokacin da akwai rassa uku ko hudu a cikin ganyayyaki. Karas ba a ja daga ƙasa tare da hannunsu ta hanyar karfi. Da farko, sun yi masa kirki tare da ƙananan hakora, sa'an nan kuma a hankali, ba don lalata yankin ba, suna cire shi daga ƙasa.
- Sa'an nan ana sa karar a kan ɗakin kwana kuma ya sanyaya zuwa zazzabi na Celsius 1.5-2 na kwana biyu. Wannan yakan faru ne a waje, amma kulawa dole ne a dauka a lokacin sanyi bazai halakar da amfanin gona ba. Yau a cikin manyan gonaki, ana yin kwantar da hankali a cikin dakunan reefer.
- Bayan sanyi, wanda inganta ingantaccen tushen tushen yanayin ajiya, suna samar da pruning da rarrabe karas. Dukkan kayan da aka lalace da kuma waxannan cututtuka an cire su da gangan. Ayyuka ba tare da lalacewar bayyane ba an sanya shi cikin ajiya.
Yadda za a adana kayan lambu
A cikin manyan gonaki na kayan lambu, an ajiye karas a cikin tara, wanda girmansa ba ya wuce mita biyu ko uku. Yanayin mafi kyau a lokacin ajiyar ajiya na karas a cikin kwantena na musamman waɗanda manyan gonaki ke nuna a cikin sararin samaniya ya kamata su kasance a cikin digiri na digiri 2-3.
Idan ma'aunin zafi ya nuna +5, ƙananan kwallun barci zasu yi girma da kuma farfajiyar amfanin gona zai rasa asarar kayayyaki. Humidity duka a cikin gida da a cikin abin wuya ya zama 90-95%.
Shin kuna sani? Wasu mazauna lambun zafi da masu lambu sun fi so su adana karas a cikin kwalaye na busassun yashi, wanda aka bar don hunturu a cikin cellar. Wasu townspeople samu nasarar ajiye karas a cikin kwantena da coniferous sawdust a kan baranda.
Hanyar zamani na hunturu ajiya na karas a cikin yumbura yana da kyau sosai. Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar yin magana da yumɓun ruwa a cikin guga mai sauƙi, tsoma kowace 'ya'yan itace a cikin ruwa sannan sannan ya bushe shi. Tare da wannan fasaha, karas an adana su a kan baranda, a zubar da cellar don watanni 5-8.
Gano yadda za'a adana tumatir, cucumbers da masara.
Yadda zaka adana beets
Shirye-shiryen beets don yanayin ajiya na fara tare da girbi. Masu amfani da kayan lambu masu gagarumar gargadi sunyi gargadi ga lambu cewa ba za ka iya cire kayan lambu mai tushe ba tare da hannunka a saman, ta doke ƙasa tare da busawa "akan taya" ko a kan juna.
Hanyoyin girbi da kuma shirye-shiryen beets
- Beets yana buƙatar lalata kayan aiki mara kyau kuma a saki daga ƙasa. Duk wani lalacewar da aka yi da kayan kayan lambu yana cike da kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta, kamuwa da kwayar 'ya'yan itace mai kyau da asarar yawancin amfanin gona.
- Ana bukatar tsabtace amfanin gona na tushen kafin kwanakin kwanakin sanyi, tun lokacin da gurasar da ke fitowa daga ƙasa zai zama dole kuma ba za'a iya adana shi ba na dogon lokaci.
- Kafin ajiyewa a cikin ajiyar kayan lambu na kayan lambu suna buƙatar rana ɗaya ko biyu su bushe. Ana iya yin wannan a kai tsaye a gonar, idan babu ruwan sama, in ba haka ba watsa kayan lambu a cikin wani Layer a ƙarƙashin rufi.
- Bayan bushewa, ya zama dole don share beets na ƙasa da ƙasa kuma a yanka ta fi, barin 1-inch wutsiya. Sa'an nan kuma cire dukkan asalinsu kuma dan kadan ya datsa tushen tushe, riƙe da tsawon centimetimita 5-7.
- Masana kayan lambu masu kwarewa suna gudanar da ƙaddamar da amfanin gona a gaban ajiya, suna barin lafiya da kayan lambu.
Yanayi mafi kyau
Beets suna mafi kyau adana a cikin cellar ko ginshiki. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na adana kayan lambu shine daga 0 zuwa 2 digiri Celsius, kuma yanayin iska zai kasance tsakanin 90-92%. Samun yanayin ajiya mai kyau yana daidaita yanayin iska da kuma rashin yawan canjin yanayi.
Yana da sha'awa a karanta game da kyawawan kaddarorin beets, gwoza da kuma chard (leaf beets).
Tushen noma daidai kasancewa a cikin kwalaye da busassun yashi. Wasu runduna sun yi ajiyar kaya a cikin tsaunuka a kan pallets na katako. Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar haɓaka tazarar mai zurfi ta hanyar santimita 30 daga bene don tabbatar da wurare na iska, da kuma zub da beets a cikin biyu ko uku layuka a kan kowane shiryayye na ragon.
Ma'aikatar Kayan Kayan Kayan Cabbage
Ajiye ajiya na kabeji yana da halaye na kansa.
Shiri
Kayan kabeji na tsawon lokacin ajiya yana yiwuwa ne kawai a wasu yanayi na fasaha.
- Dole ne ku bi lokacin girbi. Zaku iya daukar kabeji kafin zuwan sanyi a ƙasa. Yana da kyawawa cewa zafin jiki ba ya fada a kasa 0 digiri Celsius.
- Kafin ajiyewa, wajibi ne don tsaftace kayan lambu daga kayan lambu, daskararre da gubar daji.
- Bayan yin aiki, ta bushe kabeji a cikin ɗakin da aka keɓe don 10-12 hours.
Yadda za a ajiye kayan lambu: yanayi
Mafi mashahuriyar fasahar ajiyar kaya yana cikin cellar mai suna ventilated ko ginshiki. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da irin zafin jiki don adana kayan lambu. Ayyuka mafi kyau a kan ma'aunin zafi a cikin dakin ya kamata a cikin kewayon Celsius na +1 zuwa + 10, da kuma zafi - 91-98%.
Ana sanya katako a cikin kwalaye na katako ko a kan jakuna. Wasu mazauna rani sun rataye kan kawunansu na kaya a kan ƙugiya na musamman, suna samar da samun iska.
Shin kuna sani? A yankunan kudancin, inda babu sanyi mai sanyi, rundunonin suna ci gaba da kabeji a cikin rami mai zurfi 80 cm mai zurfi har zuwa rabin mita a diamita. Ana sanya bishiyoyi na katako da tsintsiya tare da kwantar da kowanne launi tare da ganyayyaki na ganye, rassan bishiyoyi da rassan ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma sanya karamin dutse, wanda aka sanya a cikin mai zurfin mai tushe na reeds don samun iska. Masana sun ba da amsa mai mahimmanci, wane irin zafin jiki zai kasance a cikin kayan lambu - daga 0 zuwa + 7 digiri Celsius.
A cikin yanayin birane, an shirya kabeji a kan rassan baranda, tare da rufe kowane kawuna a cikin jarida ko takarda abinci.
Ajiye girbi - yana da wuya kamar girma. Kasuwanci da matsakaicin aiki na adana kayan lambu sunyi kama da lokacin sake zagaye na al'ada da girbi. Sabili da haka, kada mu manta da fasaha na hunturu ajiya na amfanin gona.
