Gymnocalycium shuka ne mai ban sha'awa na dangin Cactus, wanda ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya daga yankuna hamada na Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Halittar an bambanta shi da manyan launuka iri-iri, sifofi da girma dabam-dabam na kansu, ba tare da ambaton fure mai ƙyalli ba. Yawancin samfurori ana iya gano su kawai bayan fewan shekaru, don haka masu girban fure sun fi son sayan hymnocalyciums da yawa kuma a ƙirƙiri sabon abu a tukunya ɗaya a cikin tsibirin hamada a cikin gidan nasu.
Bayanin Botanical
Cactus Gimnocalicium shine perennial tare da tushen sa mai zurfi wanda ke shiga zurfin ƙasa. A saman ƙananan ƙananan ƙwallon raga ne. Ko da a cikin wani tsiro ne mai girma, diamita na kara bai wuce 4-15 cm ba, kuma tsayinsa ya kusan rabin hakan. A karkashin yanayin halitta, nau'in launin fata mai duhu mai santsi ya mamaye. A wasu lokutan ana iya ganin kwararan launin ruwan kasa a farfajiya.
Masu shayarwa suna saje nau'in kayan ado da yawa waɗanda aka bambanta su da launi mai haske na harbe. Suna rawaya, ja ko lemo. An samu wannan ta hanyar cire ƙwayar chlorophyll daga ƙwayoyin murtsitsin, duk da haka, irin wannan tsiro zai iya ci gaba ne kawai akan kyawon koren kore.
Dukkan mai tushe suna da 12-32 tabbatattun hakarkarin kafa da aka rufe da sassan. Bunches na ƙaya a gindi yana tsintar cikin gajeren silili villi. Tsawon kashin baya shine cm 1.3-3.8 A tsakiyar akwai madaidaiciya 3-5, allurai masu tsawo, kuma a gefunan akwai gajeru, radial spikes.
Lokacin fure a hymnocalycium yana faruwa daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba. Furannin furanni suna kan saman tushe. Kofuna waɗanda aka rufe basu da cikakkiyar wadatar zuci da kuma kashin baya. Sun ƙunshi kamannin ɗamara mai laushi gaba ɗayan juna. Furanni masu kararrawa masu launin furanni suna da layuka da yawa na lanceolate petals. A tsakiya wata bututu ce mai rufi, wadda aka rufe da tufka daga ciki. Launin furannin na iya zama launin rawaya, cream, ja ko rasberi. Diamita na fure shine 2-7 cm.
An rufe 'ya'yan itacen da ke da kwan ƙwanƙwasa da ƙananan Sikeli, haka ma farfajiyar. Tsawon sa bai wuce cm 4 ba .. Canza launi na iya zama ja, shunayya ko kore.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
Halin halittar hymnocalicium yana da yawa sosai, amma ana amfani da aan ƙaramin nau'in al'adu cikin al'ada.
Gidan motsa jiki yana tsirara. Kara a cikin siffar ƙwallon ƙwallon wuta na da fadi, kamar dai na kumbura, haƙarƙari. A kan bakin koren duhu mai santsi, akwai kyawawan wurare masu tarin yawa da bunƙasa mai yatsun kafa mai tsayi 1-1.3 cm. Suna zane a launi mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. An yi saman saman da babban farin ko fure mai fure.
Gimnokalitsium Mikhanovich. Wannan iri-iri ne mafi yawan gama gari. Kara mai sihiri mai rauni bai wuce cm 5 ba tsayi ba. Kadan mai zurfin zoben azurfa ya keɓe. Greenish-ruwan hoda ko furannin rasberi a cikin hanyar kararrawa mai fadi-bude suna a saman sashen kara. Hymnocalicium ta Mikhanovich ce ta zama tushen masu shayarwa a cikin haɓaka kayan girke-girke na kayan ado masu launin launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi, da shuɗi.
Salio. Itace mai kara mai mai kaikayi tare da yaduwa zuwa 30 cm an rufe shi da fata mai launin toka-kore. Tsakanin babban tsagi shine babban ribs tare da katako iri. Ja mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa-kashin kai tsaye zuwa ga tarnaƙi. Tsawonsu zai iya kai cm 4 .. saman an yi masa ado da fararen furanni ko shuɗi mai haske.
Hymnocalycium humpbacked. Wani tushe mai launin opaque mai launin shudi na wannan nau'in an rufe shi da madaidaiciya, maimakon tsintsiya mai tsawo. Akwai samfurori waɗanda ke da nisan da ya kai 20 cm kuma tsayinsa ya kai cm 50 A lokacin furanni, farfajiyar elongated kan hau saman, wanda farin fure ko fure mai fure.
Gymnocalycium na Quel. Yankin murabba'i mai zagaye wanda yake da alamar haske mai rauni bai wuce santimita 10 ba. A haƙarƙarinsa akwai huɗaɗɗun iska da ratsin radial da ke matse shi sosai ga tushe. Babban fure tare da fararen furanni yana da ja a kai a ƙashin.
Haɗin Gimnokalitsium. Wannan rukunin ya kasance cakuda nau'ikan ƙaramin yawa tare da diamita ƙasa da cm 5. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna cikin girma a cikin akwati ɗaya, suna haɗuwa cikin launi da sifa.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Yin haifuwa ta hymnocalicium mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar ciyayi da hanyoyin seminal. Kayan lambu suna yaduwarsa cikin sauƙaƙƙiya da inganci. Yawancin tsire-tsire kan aiwatar da haɓaka, ba tare da wani motsawa ba, suna samo harbe-harbe a kaikaice, waɗanda ke da sauƙin kafe. Abin sani kawai Dole a kwance bugun kuma bushe shi tsawon awanni 24 a cikin iska. A cikin kwano tare da ƙasa mai yashi ko yashi mai tsabta, ana a guntun gefan a hankali. Don kada ya faɗi, zaku iya tallafa masa tare da ashana. Tushen ya bayyana da sauri isa, musamman idan kun aiwatar da hanya a cikin bazara. A cikin kaka-hunturu, ana bada shawara don amfani da hasken wuta.
Wasu tsire-tsire suna barin Tushen tushe. Sun riga sun samo tushen da ke da alaƙa da shuka uwar. Zai fi kyau dasa jariri yayin dasawa, a hankali yana rarraba tushen daga ƙasa. Nan da nan ana yin guguwa a cikin ƙasa don tsirrai.
Wayar da tsaba daga hymnocalicium na buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari, amma an tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire masu girma suna ƙaruwa da ƙarfi. An shirya akwati mai lebur tare da yashi mai cike da hatsi da kayan peat wanda aka shirya don amfanin gona. Kafin amfani, ya kamata a gasa cakuda ƙasa a cikin tanda na awoyi da yawa. Tsaba suna kwance a hankali a kan ƙasa kuma a murkushe su kaɗan. Dole ne a kula da ƙasa ba ta bushewa gaba ɗaya. A zazzabi na kimanin + 20 ° C, ana shuka shukar a cikin kwanaki 10. Za'a fitar da dashi a cikin akwati daban bayan shekara guda.
Dokokin Alurar riga kafi
Gimnokalitsium Mikhanovich tare da mai launin shuɗi ba zai iya girma da kansa a cikin ƙasa ba, don haka an liƙa shi akan sauran tsiron kore. Hakanan, tare da taimakon alurar riga kafi, zaka iya ajiye tsiron da kuka fi so wanda ya sha wahala daga tushen ruɓa.
A kan ingantaccen filin buɗe ido tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen ƙwayar cuta (rootstock), an yi kwance a kwance tare da ruwa mai narkewa. Guda iri ɗaya ake aikatawa. Tsire-tsire suna gundura sosai da juna kuma an gyara su tare da bandeji tare da kaya. Bayan kamar mako guda, fuskar ta juye kuma za a iya cire latch ɗin a hankali.
Juyin Halifa Gymnocalicium
Ana aiwatar da jujjuyawar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin kowace shekara ta 1-3 a farkon bazara. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar karɓar tukunyar ƙasa kuma ku sabunta ƙasa. Dole ne a cire ɗanyen dunkin da ya kasance akalla rabin. An zaɓi tukunya kaɗan da fadi da zurfi fiye da na baya.
Soilasa don hymnocalycium an yi shi ne daga cakuda abubuwan da aka gyara:
- ƙasar sheet (3 sassa);
- yashi (sassa 3);
- peat (sassa 2);
- ƙasar turf (2 sassa);
- guda na gawayi (kashi 1).
Kasancewar lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa bai zama karɓuwa ba. Bayan dasawa, shuka yana iyakantacce a cikin sha har mako guda.
Siffofin Kulawa
Gidan motsa jiki ba ya buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi a gida, amma yana buƙatar ingantaccen wuri da aka zaɓa. Sannan ƙananan ƙananan harbe da sauri suna samar da labule mai kauri, kuma a lokacin rani za su yi farin ciki tare da kyawawan furanni.
Haske Dankin yana buƙatar tsananin haske. Ya saba jure hasken rana kai tsaye, koda a cikin tsananin zafi. Tsawon lokacin awowin hasken rana a duk shekara bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da awanni 12 ba, don haka a cikin hunturu yana da amfani don amfani da fitilar mai kyalli.
Zazzabi Ya kamata lokacin zafi ya kasance cikin kewayon + 20 ... + 24 ° C, amma ko da + 30 ° C hymnocalycium zai ji mai girma. A cikin hunturu, ya zama dole don canja wurin shuka zuwa wuri mai sanyaya (+ 12 ... + 15 ° C), amma sanyaya a ƙasa + 8 ° C zai zama illa gare shi.
Haushi. Dry iska don murtsunguwa ba matsala. Wasu lokuta ana buƙatar wanke shi daga ƙura a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka. Ya kamata a gudanar da wanka a cikin bazara da bazara.
Watse. Ya kamata a girma Gymnocalicium a kan ƙasa mai kyau-drained. Da wuya a shayar da shi, amma da yalwa. Wuce hadadden danshi ya kamata a cire shi nan da nan daga kwanon rufi. Tsakanin shayar da ƙasa ya kamata ya bushe gaba ɗaya. A cikin hunturu, shuka mai girma ya isa sosai waterings 1-3 a kowace kakar. Ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai ɗumi da ɗan acidified kaɗan.
Taki. Cactus ana ciyar da shi ta musamman tare da hadaddun ma'adinai. Ana amfani da takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa kowane wata. Wajibi ne a zabi takaddara na musamman don succulents tare da ƙananan abun ciki na nitrogen a cikin hanyar mafita ko granules.
Cutar da kwari
Gymnocalyciums fama da tushen rot tare da ambaliyar ruwa akai-akai na kasar gona. Mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu yawan zafin rai sune mealybugs da lebur mai ja. Yana da wuya a ga m, amma m mai haske m ko whitish spraying a kan kara ba zai share idanun m grower. Yin iyo tare da ruwan zafi da kuma magani tare da kwari (Aktara, Aktellik, Karbofos) yana taimakawa wajen magance kwari.
