Echeveria shine sabon abu wanda bai dace ba a gidan Crassulaceae. A cikin daji, ana iya samunsa a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. An sake bayyana "roanyen dutse" na ganyayyaki masu launin fata suna jan hankalin lambu da yawa masu fasali mai ban mamaki. A rayuwar yau da kullun, ana iya ganin Echiveria a cikin furannin furanni ko tukwane a tebur. Yayi kyau kwarai lokacin da akayi girma akayi daban-daban ko tare da sauran irin waɗannan samfuran a cikin makarantar yara masu zuwa. Kula da daji abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, babban abin shine a zabi wurin da ya dace.
Bayanin Botanical
Echeveria tsirrai ne mai tsire-tsire wanda ba shi da tushe ko tsinkaye mai laushi mai kyau. Rhizome yana cikin ƙananan yadudduka na ƙasa, saboda haka furen baya buƙatar tukunya mai zurfi. Wani ɗan gajeren daji ya ƙunshi soket na ganye da yawa wanda ke saman ɗayan. Tsawon labulen tsufa ya kasance daga 10 zuwa 40 cm diamita na kanti yawanci 15 cm.
Freshy leafless ganye ana fentin su a cikin haske mai haske ko launin shuɗi mai haske. Zasu iya samun gefenta ko zagaye. Tsawon farantin ganye shine 3-25 cm, kuma faɗin faɗin 1.5 cm cm launi ne na ganyayyaki shine monophonic, amma wani lokacin akwai fararen fata mai launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda.
Fitar ruwa yana faruwa a lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara kuma yana iya wuce har zuwa makonni 3. A wannan lokacin, tsayin daka mai zurfi na 20-40 cm yayi girma daga tsakiyar Echeveria.Kwancin da aka sashi mai fasalin tsiwa ko ƙwanƙwasawa shine yake sanya saman sa. Rolan ƙaramin nau'ikan kararrawa ana fentin ruwan hoda, rawaya ko ruwan kasa. A wurin wilted buds, dada iri kwalaye ripen.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
A cikin halittar Echeveria, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan 150, akwai kuma nau'ikan nau'i na kayan ado.
Echeveria agave. Tsarin tsiro mai tsafta tare da ganyayyaki masu kauri tare da siffofin fure mai kauri wadanda ke kama da furanni na ruwan lili. A gefuna cikin ganyayyaki suna dan kadan m kuma suna da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Furanni suna yin fure a lokacin rani kuma suna launin shuɗi-ruwan hoda.
Echeveria m. Wannan ciyawar perennial tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin farin ciki yana da matukar farin jini. Ganyen jikinta mai launin fure-kore mai hade da juna, wanda ke bayar da kamannin dutse. A lokacin rani, -an ƙaramin ƙaramin orange-ja buɗe kan babbar farfajiya.
Echeveria Derenberg. A shuka yana da wani elongated creeping harba da ganye kwasfa tam guga man da juna. Wide ya fita tare da ɗan ƙara ƙarfi a ƙarshen isa 4 cm a tsawon kuma 2 cm nisa. Haske kore farfajiya an rufe shi da wani matte whitish Bloom tare da m tabo a karshen. A ƙarshen bazara, ɗan gajeren ciyawar fure mai ɗanɗano tare da fure mai fure.
Echeveria humpback. Furen yana da ɗan itace mai gautsi da ganye mai launin shuɗi-dimbin yawa. Fuskar kore a gindi ta samo ruwan fure. An tattara dunƙun ja mai haske akan furen kafa mai kauri. Hybridan itace da yawa mai ban sha'awa shine Echeveria Nuremberg. Ya bambanta a ruwan hoda-m m ganye, wanda aka located a kan elongated, sannu-sannu fallasa tsiraice kara.
Yaduwa na Echeveria
A gida, ana aiwatar da yaduwar echeveria ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Shuka tsaba. Yana da Dole a fara shuka shuki. An samar da amfanin gona a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Tsaba ya kamata a sanya shi cikin akwatin ɗakin kwana tare da yashi mai laushi da ƙasa, ba yayyafa a kai. An rufe akwati da fim kuma a ajiye shi a zazzabi + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 2. Lokacin da ganye 3 suka girma, seedlings suka nutse a cikin karamin tukwane da dama.
- Rooting na kara cuttings. A tsakiyar watan Maris, dabino tare da ganyayyaki 2 na ganye sun rabu da babban shuka, a bushe a cikin iska na tsawon awanni 3-4. Bayan haka, an matse ƙwayar zuwa cikin yashin ƙasa. Kuna iya ƙara wasu takin ƙasa. Ana amfani da ƙasa sosai a cikin lokaci. Echeveria an girma a cikin ɗaki mai haske mai yaduwar haske a zazzabi + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Rooting yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7-10, bayan wannan za'a iya dasa shuki a cikin tukwane daban.
- Rooting ganye mai laushi. Consideredirƙirar ganyeve na echeveria an ɗauka da wuya sosai. Wajibi ne a rarrabe manyan ƙananan ganye ba tare da lalacewa ba. An bushe su da yawa sa'o'i kuma an sanya su a kan sandar rigar a kwance. Yana da Dole a sanyaya kasar gona a kai a kai, amma ba don ba da damar ambaliyar ruwa ba. Tushen farko zai bayyana a cikin wata guda, kuma ƙaramin tsire-tsire mai cike da cikakke zai fara ne kawai a cikin watanni 3-4.
Dokokin Canje-canje
Echeveria wata itaciya ce mai tsananin kamshi, don haka dole ne a kula sosai lokacin juyawa. Samarin samfuran matasa ana dasa su a kowace bazara, ana shuka tsire-tsire zuwa kowane shekaru 3-4. Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi ƙananan tukwane tare da ramuka magudanar a ƙasan. Da farko, ana saka daskararren kwalabe, yumbu ko ƙamshi a cikin akwati sannan kawai sai a zuba ƙasa mai gina jiki mai haske. Forasa don echeveria ta ƙunshi irin waɗannan abubuwan:
- jan bulo;
- gawayi;
- peat;
- loamy ƙasa.
Zai fi kyau a zaɓi magudanan ruwa ko tukunya da dasa shuki mai hade da sinadarin echiveria da sauran nasara a cikinsu.
Zabi wani wuri don shuka
A gida, kula da echeveria abu ne mai sauki. Ya kamata a mai da hankali sosai wurin nemo wurin da ya dace. Kamar yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu girma, wannan fure yana ƙaunar rana mai haske kuma baya jin tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi kyawun wurin zai kasance sashin taga na kudu. A lokacin rani yana da amfani don canja wurin echeveria zuwa cikin iska mai tsabta, amma ana buƙatar kariya daga zane-zane da hazo.
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine + 22 ... + 27 ° C, har ma da tsananin zafi ba sa haifar da matsaloli. A cikin watanni na hunturu, Echeveria ya zo ya huta kuma kuna buƙatar rage zafin jiki zuwa + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Idan a cikin hunturu dakin yana da zafi sosai, amma ba haske sosai, ciyawar za ta shimfiɗa sosai kuma ta fallasa kanta.
Ta hanyar taimakon canje-canje na wucin gadi a cikin zafin jiki da haske, zaku iya canja wurin fure na Echeveria. Watan 2 kafin ranar da aka sanya, ya kamata ka sanya shi a cikin daki mai yawan zafin jiki na + 15 ... + 18 ° C kuma samar da awanni na hasken rana na 12-14 hours.
Kula da echeveria na gida
Echeveria yana buƙatar matsakaicin ruwa tare da dumi, ruwa mai tsabta. Tsakanin ban ruwa, kasar gona ya kamata ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Ambaliyar da sauri yana haifar da lalata Tushen da ƙananan ganye. Yana da mahimmanci ruwan bai tara a kusa da tushe. Idan furen yayi fama da fari, ganyen ya zama mai taushi kuma yana iya dushi. A wannan yanayin, yin ruwa yafi sau da yawa. Fluidarin ruwa mai yalwa dole ne ya bar tukunyar ba ta da matsala.
Succulents ba sa buƙatar babban zafi. Ba su da matsala ga fesawa da wanka a cikin shawa.
Ciyar da echeveria sosai a hankali. Yawan wuce gona da iri yana haifar da ganye don bushe. Idan an sabunta ƙasa sau da yawa isa, to, zaka iya barin saman miya. Idan ya cancanta, ana amfani da sashi na taki kowane wata daga farkon fure har zuwa ƙarshen bazara. Kuna buƙatar amfani da abubuwan haɗa bayanai don cacti.
Tare da kulawa mara kyau, echeveria tana fama da cututtukan fungal. Kwayoyin cuta kusan ba za su taɓa zama a kan ganye ba saboda fata mai ɗaci.
