Aljani ɗan ƙasa ne ciyawa mai ɗanɗano tare da shuɗi, shuɗi, rawaya da shuɗi mai haske. Abubuwan fure masu haske suna nuna duk inuwar da ke samaniya a cikin sama. Bugu da kari, Gentian shine tsire-tsire na magani wanda aka sani cikin jama'a da kuma aikin hukuma. Don yin irin wannan unpreentious da amfani shuka a cikin lambun ka dole ne. Haka kuma, a cikin kasashe da yawa an jera su a cikin littafin farko. Al'ummah sun sami dandano mai ɗaci sosai. A shuka nasa ne a gidan Gentian. A cikin halittar, akwai halittu sama da dari uku wadanda aka rarraba kusan duniya. Ba zaku iya haɗuwa da maɗaukaki ba sai a cikin Antarctica da Afirka.
Bayanin Botanical
Aljani yana wakiltar tsararrun tsirrai da na shekara-shekara. An ciyar da shi ta hanyar madaidaiciya da gajeren sanda. Tsarin siffar sashin layi yana daga ciki zurfi zuwa cikin ƙasa. Furen na iya ɗaukar nau'i na shuki ko ciyawa. Tsawon harbe ya kasance cm 5-15 cm ne kawai, kodayake akwai nau'ikan har zuwa 1.5 m. A kan m, gajerun mai tushe, kishiyoyin sessile suna wurin. Leaf faranti yawanci ana fentin duhu kore. Suna da layin lanceolate ko mugu tare da daskararren gefen hanzari da ƙarshen nuna.
A saman kara daga sinuses na ganye, fure furanni ko low-flowered inflorescences Bloom. Dangane da nau'in halitta, suna iya bayyana a farkon bazara ko farkon faduwar. Corolla na fure yana kama da kararrawa kuma yana da bututu mai elongated. Gashinan ƙananan yadudduka suna sintiri zuwa ga bangarorin kuma maimaita siffar tauraron mai alama biyar. Furen furannin yawancin gentians ana fentin su cikin launuka daban-daban na shuɗi, sannan kuma suna da launin shuɗi, launin rawaya ko fari.
Kwaro ne yake haifar da kwari, wanda shima yake tara kuli-kuli, saboda isan itace ne na zuma mai kyau. Fruita isan itace boxaramin iri ne wanda ya small small ananan tsaba.
Warkar da kaddarorin
Aljani na rhizome da harbe suna dauke da alkaloids da yawa, glycosides da sauran abubuwan da suke aiki da kayan halitta. Godiya ga wannan, an dade ana amfani da tsire-tsire a magungunan jama'a, kuma ana amfani dashi don shirye-shiryen magunguna. Abubuwan da aka shirya na kayan gargajiya da shirye-shiryen Al'ummai suna da babban aikin choleretic, expectorant, anti-mai kumburi, sakamako mai karfafawa.
Ana amfani da Gentian don yakar cututtuka kamar:
- tari
- katsewa
- amosanin gabbai;
- scurvy;
- zawo
- rashin tsoro;
- anemia
- zazzabi.
Yana da mahimmanci kada a cutar da magungunan Gent. Yawan abin sama da yakamata yana haifar da matsin lamba, tashin hankali, farin ciki.
Tsarin iri
A cikin gwanayen 'yan asalin jinsin mutum 359 sun yi rajista. Ana amfani da kusan 90 daga cikinsu a cikin al'ada. Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan masu zuwa:
Al'umma dan rawaya ne. Babbar shuka har zuwa tsayi 1.5 m tana da tsayuwa mai tsayi. Harsashin tushensa an cika shi ta hanyar fure na fure na manyan ganye. Ganyayyaki tare da kara ya fi girma a cikin girman. An tattara furanni masu launin rawaya masu yawa a cikin axillary inflorescences na babba na uku na kara. Flow yana faruwa a rabi na biyu na bazara. Kowane toho game da tsawon 25 mm yana kunshe da ƙananan furanni. Fulawa tayi tsawon kwanaki 50.
Nesa na huhu (al'ada). Dankin yana da madaidaiciya, karar sheki mai tsawon 25 - 25 cm. Ganyayyaki masu layi ko layin-layi suna cikin gindin kuma da wuya duk tsawon lokacin harbin. Tsawon farantin ganye shine cm 3-7. An tattara furanni na Axillary a saman tushe. Nimbus mai siffa mai launin 1.5-2 cm tsayi yana kunshe da dabbobin fure. An fentin su a cikin launin shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu, a saman ciki a ƙasan akwai mayin daɗi mara nauyi. Yana blooms a Yuli-Agusta.
Daurian gentian. Jinsunan suna da kyawawa, madaidaiciya ko zauren harbe 25-40 cm tsayi. An rufe su da dogon haske mai launin kore. Manyan furanni masu duhu shuɗaye masu duhu suna tattara a cikin ƙananan inflorescences apical. Suna farawa a cikin Yuli kuma sun yi fure har ƙarshen watan Agusta. Ana iya amfani da shuka don yankan da samar da bouquets.
Al’ummai mai giciye (mai giciye). Dankin yana da tushe mai tushe mai kauri kuma madaidaiciya itace mai tsayi har zuwa santimita 50. An cika shi da doguwar ganye. Flowersanan furanni masu launin ƙararrawa a ciki sune turquoise. A waje, launin toka-launin toka ya mamaye filayen. Flow yana faruwa a rabi na biyu na bazara.
Gentian Gentian. A kan turɓaya mai tsayi zuwa 80 cm tsayi, akwai ganyayyaki masu siffar-ƙwai tare da gefen nuna. Tsawon su shine 6-9 cm a cikin axils na manyan ganye a kan shinge akwai manyan furanni guda daya. Tsawonsu ya kai cm 5. Corolla ta ƙunshi ruwan hoda-farar fata ko fararen fata, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin kunkuntar kofin. Ana buɗe furannin daga ƙarshen watan Agusta.
Manyan mutane da yawa. Dankin ya ƙunshi madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya ko drooping mai tushe 40-70 cm tsayi. Ganyayyaki suna tattarawa a gindi da ƙananan internodes. M farantin ganye na ganye na iya isa 20-40 cm a tsawon kuma 18-30 cm a fadin. Furanni ana tattarawa a cikin m inflorescences tare da apical ganye. Tsawon agogo mai launin shuɗi-1.5 shine cm 1.5. An nuna gefuna na furannin. Yana blooms a Yuli-Agusta.
Al'umma mara tushe (Koch). Alparamin bambancin mai tsayi tare da tsayi ba fiye da 10 cm yana da kyau musamman. An tattara ganyen oval na launin kore mai haske a cikin kayan ado na basal. Manyan furanni tubular shuɗi, shuɗi, ko launin shuɗi launi sama da su daga ƙarshen bazara. Flowering yayi yawa. Yana farawa a farkon watan Mayu kuma zai iya zuwa watanni 1.5.
Al'ummah ta kasu kashi bakwai. Wannan iri-iri ne mara girma yana tsiro tare da fadi da tsayi har zuwa tsayi cm 30. Furanni masu launin furanni-shudi masu launin shuɗi-fure da ke tashi sama da raunukan ganye. Diamita na kararrawa shine cm 5-5. Yana fure a tsakiyar Yuni.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ana iya aiwatar da haifuwa ta hanyar ta hanyar zuriya da tsirrai. Tsaba ta tabbata a watanni 6-12. Kafin saukowa, sanyi wajibi ne. Ana sanya tsaba a cikin wuri mai sanyi tare da yawan zafin jiki na sama da + 7 ° C. Don nau'in zafi-ƙauna, wata daya ya isa, nau'in mai tsayi zai buƙaci sassauci don watanni 2-3. A wannan lokacin, tsaba ya kamata ya kasance cikin ƙasa mai yashi. Kuna iya shuka su a cikin bazara a cikin fili, amma kada ku binne su a cikin ƙasa, amma kawai tura su. Bayan stratification, ana shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai dausayi kuma ana kiyaye shi da zazzabi na + 20 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana a cikin kwanaki 15-20.
A farkon bazara, za a iya raba bushes zuwa cikin sassa da yawa. Ya kamata a aiwatar da hanyar sosai a hankali, kamar yadda ba ma yarda da juyawa ba. Yana da mahimmanci a ajiye ɗakin earthen. Sabbin tsire-tsire ana watsa su a hankali zuwa sabon wuri. Bayan dasawa, ya zama dole don shayar da seedlings da yawa.
Wasu nau'ikan Jojiya suna ba da ransu ga itace. A cikin bazara, ya zama dole don yanke saman tushe ko tsari na gefen tare da 1-2 internodes. Rooting ne yake aikata a cikin ruwa ko yashi peat ƙasa. Tsarin na iya ɗaukar har zuwa wata ɗaya. A wannan lokacin, yakamata a shayar da ciyawar da taka tsantsan. Don haka danshi ya bushe ƙasa, an rufe shi da gilashin gilashi ko jaka. Yana da mahimmanci don kwantar da shuka kowace rana. Tare da zuwan Tushen, ana sanya seedlings a cikin dindindin a cikin gonar.
Dokokin Kulawa
Al'umma cikin dabi'a shine tsire-tsire mai tsananin gaske, wanda yake shirye don daidaitawa da mummunan yanayi. Alas, a cikin al'ada shi ne mafi moody. Harshen halittar ya haɗu da iri tare da mazauna daban, sabili da haka suna buƙatar kulawa daban.
Haske Gentians sun fi son filaye a karkashin hasken rana (sau bakwai, daurian, cruciform, rawaya) ko a cikin karamin inuwa (crotch). M inuwa ne contraindicated ga dukkan tsire-tsire.
Zazzabi Ana daidaita bushesin zuwa yanayin canjin yanayin iska da kuma lokacin sanyi, saboda haka basa bukatar ƙarin tsari. A koyaushe suna yin haƙuri da sanyi da lokacin zafi.
Kasar gona. Al’ummai sun fi son haske, ƙasa-da-ruwa mai-kyau tare da yawan haihuwa. A gare ta, yashi ko ƙasa loamy tare da ƙari da ƙananan duwatsu sun dace. An fi son rashin daidaituwa na acid Rawaya da stemless Gentian suna buƙatar ƙarin mulching tare da farar ƙasa. Ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba, karɓar ruwa ba ya karɓa.
Watse. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun. A cikin lokacin fari, yawan ruwa na yau da kullun na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ruwa na iya zama dole.
Taki. Daga Mayu zuwa Agusta, ana shawarar alkama a kowane wata tare da rabin rabo daga takin ma'adinai. Yi amfani da abubuwan da aka tsara don tsire-tsire na lambun fure. Idan ƙasa tana da isasshen isasshen abinci, ba za ku iya yi ba tare da takin ƙasa.
Al'umma cikin lambu
Harshen Alkawari yana da kyau a wuraren da ke da dutse da kuma a cikin tsaunukan dutse. Don haka ta fi ta halitta. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da matattarar rukunin kungiya, sannan carpet mai karfi zai rufe yankin da aka raba. Zai yi farin ciki da inuwa shuɗi, wanda ba kasafai ake samun sa a yanayi ba.
A cikin lambun furanni, ana amfani da tsayi tsayi a cikin matsayi na tsakiya, da kuma nau'ikan tsiro masu ƙarancin ƙarfi a cikin gaba. A cikin unguwa tare da su ya kamata a sanya fure ko tsire-tsire na ornamental waɗanda ba su yi girma da yawa ba. Zai iya zama Sage, sedge, karrarawa. Zaku iya dasa danniyanci a gaban ciyayi na disiferous da deciduous. Yawan kusancin amfanin alkama mai matsakaici kuma abin kallo ne.
