Eschscholzia ganye ne mai tsiro tare da furanni masu ƙyalƙyali da taushi. Yana cikin dangin mai farin jini kuma ya girma a yammacin Arewacin Amurka. A cikin Turai, eshsoltsia ya fara bayyana a ƙarshen karni na 18 Tun daga wannan lokacin, tsirrai masu fure, masu fure, kamar fure suka yi tsayi a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna. A cikin wuraren rami, suna kama da tabkuna masu launin masu launi masu yawa suna juyawa cikin iska. Mutanen suna yawan kiran fure "California poppy." Don kamannin fure mai kama da ciyawar itace zuwa itacen tsutsa, ana iya samun Eshsoltius a ƙarƙashin sunan "tsutsa".
Bayanin Shuka
Eschscholzia shine zamani tare da ingantaccen sandar rhizome. Branaƙƙarfan tsayayyun harbe harbe suna sama a ƙasa, wanda ke samar da itace kusan 40 cm tsayi. Tharin duhu mai duhu mai tushe tare da daskararren ƙasa an rufe shi da shimfidar furanni. An haɗe shi zuwa ga harbe tare da dogon ganye. Farantin ganye mai laushi, tsirara, an rufe shi da fatsi mai laushi.
Kadaren furanni masu sauƙi ne kuma sun ninka. Su ne masu kararrawa-masu dimbin yawa da kuma lambu mai daɗi a cikin bazara. Fulawa yana farawa a watan Yuni, wani lokacin kuma a watan Mayu. Kowane toho yana zaune bai fi kwana huɗu ba, don haka ana bayyana tsawon fure ta hanyar canza launuka akai-akai. Ya kamata kuma a san cewa furannin escholia na da labari. Dare da tsaka kuma suna rufe.
A waje, furannin suna kama da poppies ko kwari. Wure filayen fure mai santsi ko shimfidar wuri suna cikin ɗaya ko sama. Sun rarrabe abu mai sauƙi, sau biyu da na biyun. Ana iya fentin dabbobi a launin ja, ruwan lemo, rawaya ko fari. A watan bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen fara ripen - oblong-dimbin yawa zuriyarsu kwantena. Suna kama da zagaye, fale-fale fleshy har tsawon cm 7. A ciki akwai wasu ƙananan ƙananan kwalliya masu launi na launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa.
Iri eschscholzia
Kodayake akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire 12 a cikin duka, 2 daga cikinsu sun fi yawa a cikin al'adun. Don keɓance nau'in kayan lambu, yawancin nau'ikan kayan ado ana bred.
Eshsholtsiya California (poppy California). Itace tare da harbe mai bakin ciki mai launin shuɗi yana da shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu wanda aka rufe da fure mai launin shuɗi. Partangare na aiwatar da wani daji 40 cm high qarya ne a ƙasa. Duk mai tushe an rufe shi da ganye mai launin toka-sau uku. Firam na su an kambi da furanni masu haske mai launi-shuɗi mai haske tare da nisan kusan cm 9. Adadin lokacin yana farawa ne a tsakiyar watan Yuni kuma zai kasance har zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi. Iri:
- Firam na Strawberry - furanni mai launin shuɗi-biyu tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi;
- Furen fure - manyan furanni biyu na launi mai cikakken launi (a gefuna ana fentin furannin a cikin ruwan hoda mai haske, kuma a tsakiyar sun zama mara nauyi);
- Apricot chiffon - bushes 35-40 cm high an rufe shi da furanni biyu tare da corrugated furanni na mai kirim mai yalwar cakuda;
- Mikado - furanni masu haske mai haske tare da diamita na 6-7 cm tare da fitila mai haske;
- Ballerina - terry eschscholzia tare da manyan furanni masu haske tare da diamita wanda ya kai 15 cm;
- Fashewar 'ya'yan itace - furanni tare da furanni masu launin furanni ana zanen su a cikin launuka masu launin rawaya, ruwan hoda, furanni rasberi.
Eshsholtsiya sod. Itatuwan tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara na girman m. Tsawon lokacin harbi bai wuce 15-20 cm ba. Ana tattara ƙananan ganye na buɗe ƙananan litattafai a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin tushe. A kan raunin bakin ciki, gajerun furen bakin ciki furanni masu haske mai rawaya mai shuɗi zuwa 3 cm a diamita.
Noma
Eshsholtzia ana yaduwa da zuriya. Dayawa daga cikin lambu suna mamakin: lokacin da za'a shuka shuki? Kuna iya yin wannan a cikin fall (a watan Nuwamba) kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa a buɗe. A wannan yanayin, tsaba za su sami halayen dabi'a, za su yi toho da wuri kuma ana iya samun fure daga Mayu. Idan an shirya kayan amfanin gona don bazara, tsaba masu tsabtace ya kamata a haɗe shi da yashi, a sanya su a cikin jakunkuna kuma a adana su a cikin firiji.
Kafin shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ya kamata ka zaɓi yankin da aka zubar da ƙasa mai yashi mara nauyi. Yakan sanya karairai marasa karfi da ƙoƙarin rarraba ƙananan tsaba. An rufe su da wani yanki na ƙasa 2-4 cm kauri kuma mulched da peat. Amfanin gona na kaka yana bugu da leavesari akan ganye.
A cikin yankuna na arewacin, yana da kyau a fara shuka shuki. Wannan hanyar tana da rikitarwa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa tsarin tushen eschscholzia yana da sauƙi a lalace yayin juyawa, don haka ya fi kyau shuka seedlings a cikin allunan peat. A farkon Maris, ana sanya tsaba bayan makonni biyu na sanyi na sanyi a saman tebur na peat. An sanya akwati tare da allunan a cikin ɗakin da aka cika hasken wuta a zazzabi na + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Shuka tsire a ƙarshen Afrilu fara hankali a kan titi zuwa kan taurara don kwanaki 10-12. Bayan irin wannan shiri, 'ya'yan itacen suna shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Ana yin wannan yawanci a tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Kafin dasawa, kuna buƙatar tono da shirya ƙasa. Peat da yashi suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasa mai nauyi. Ture ya kamata ya zama tsaka tsaki ko kuma ɗan acidic. Yayi acidic mai ƙasa ya gauraye da garin dolomite ko ash. Dasa dasa fossae an yi suba saboda tushe mai wuya yana saman farfajiya. Kyakkyawan nesa tsakanin tsintsaye masu nisa shine 30 cm ko fiye.
Kula da tsiro
Eschscholzia baya haifar da matsala da yawa. Amma lokaci-lokaci kulawa da shuka wajibi ne. Yana son ruwa na yau da kullun, zai fi dacewa sau da yawa a mako. Rage shi da karamin adadin ruwa. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da ban ruwa da yamma, lokacin da rana ta daina yin burodi da ƙarfi. Varietiesa'idodin ornamental suna da yawa a cikin buƙata na sha, amma Eshisholtsia soddy cikakke ne ga yankuna tare da fari fari.
Sau da yawa a shekara, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hadi. A cikin bazara kafin fure, ana amfani da maganin takin gargajiya. A lokacin bazara, ana yin wani takin 1-2 tare da ƙwayoyin ma'adinai don tsire-tsire na fure. Eschscholzia na iya fama da mamayar ciyawar, saboda haka ba za ku iya yin ba tare da weeding na yau da kullun ba. Nemo ƙasa yana da kyau yana shafar girma da haɓakar shuka, tunda iska ta ratsa mafi kyau ga asalin sa.
An bada shawara don datsa furanni da ke bushe, nan da nan, a wurinsu sabbin buds za su iya bayyana kuma wataƙila fure zai daɗe. Bayan pruning, wani lokacin hutu na makonni da yawa yakan zo, ya bi ta da yawan fure.
A cikin bude ƙasa eschscholzia kullum yana jure wa zafi mai zafi, amma yana kula da sanyi. Yana jure yanayin sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci har zuwa -5 ° C; saboda haka, a cikin yanayi mai zafi, tsire-tsire sukan girma kamar shekara. A lokacin bazara, ana yanke duk harbe-harbe, kuma an sare shafin. A lokacin bazara, ana dasa shuki na sabuwar ciyawa.
A cikin yanayin zafi, bushe, bushes na iya wahala daga mamayar wake wake da kuma gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Maganin kashe kwari na taimaka wajan shawo kan cututtukan fata (Aktara, Komandor).
Lokacin da ruwa ya ɓulɓula a cikin ƙasa, sai a samo asalin abin da ke bushewa a ciki. Idan ganyayyaki, tare da kulawa da ta dace, juya rawaya da bushewa, wannan yana nuna kamuwa da cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Ko da wane irin cutar, ya kamata a cire ciyawar da ta lalace don hana yaduwa. Daga kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, ana kula da kasar gona da tsire-tsire masu makwabta da maganin kashe-kashe.
Warkar da kaddarorin
Ba a rarrabe Eschscholzia kawai ta kyakkyawar bayyanar ta, har ma da kyawawan abubuwan ta. Ruwan ruwan ta ya ƙunshi alkaloids, flavonoids da dyes. Matan ativean asalin Americanan asalin Amurkawa sun yi amfani da kirkirar kayan kwalliya. Abubuwan haɗin aiki suna ƙunshe cikin ɓangaren ƙasa, wanda aka yanke kuma ya bushe a lokacin fure.
Alkaloids suna da antispasmodic, magani mai narkewa da sakamako. Alcohol tinctures, ruwan ruwa da gelatin capsules an shirya su daga eschholzia. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana amfani da eschscholzia a cikin maganin gargajiya. Kalaman soyayya tare da taimakonta domin sanyaya ciwon hakori. Yin amfani da magunguna yana taimakawa rage damuwa bayan fuskantar damuwa. Hakanan, likita na iya yin maganin tincture ga mutanen da ke fama da rashin bacci da yaran da ke fama da cutar enuresis.
Magungunan ba su da magungunan. Ba a ba su shawarar ga masu fama da matsalar rashin lafiyan ba, yara, har da masu shayarwa da mata masu juna biyu. Tare da taka tsantsan, sanya liyafar maraba ga mutanen da ke yin ayyukan da ke buƙatar ƙara kulawa.
Amfani da lambun
Eschscholzia yana da kyau a rukunin gida da kuma solo saukowa. Floweringataccen furanni yana kama da tafkin mai haske ko garken kwari da suka lanƙwasa su huta a kan ciyawa. Furen furanni masu kyan gani suna birgewa sosai daga ƙarancin iska. Za'a iya dasa busassun gefen gefunan waƙoƙi. Varietiesa'idodin Creeping suna da kyau a cikin gidajen lambuna.
Ana buƙatar zaɓar da kewayen waɗannan furanni masu kyau. Zasu iya fama da tsire-tsire masu zafin rai da rasa asasin wakilan daskararru. Kuna iya hada eschscholtia tare da tsire-tsire na makircin launi iri ɗaya. Ba furanni mara kyau suna kallo tare da salvia, ageratum, lavender da hatsi.
