Streptocarpus kyakkyawan tsire-tsire ne mai ƙaramin fure daga dangin Gesneriaceae. Yana samar da babban Rosette na ganye kusa da ƙasa kuma yana narkar da haske, inflorescences mai yawa, wanda, ba shakka, yana jan hankalin mai yawa. Theasar fure ta kasance filaye na kudanci Kudancin Afirka, Madagascar da gabashin Asiya. Yawancin lokaci yana son fifikon inuwa, daushin daji, amma yana iya girma a kan tsaunin tuddai kusa da bakin tekun. Duk da yake streptocarpus itaciya ce mai matukar wahala kuma gajiyayyu ga yan lambu, sannu a hankali yana samun shahara. Yawancin lokaci ana kiranta violet ɗin ƙarya, amma tare da mafi girman hali da rashin daidaituwa.
Bayanin Shuka
Streptocarpus shine pebnized herbaceous tare da sabon abu mai launin fure, wanda yake a cikin ƙasa na sama. Itace ba ta da ciyawa. Tushen wuya yana da kauri kuma yana iya lignify. Ruwan ganye daga numberan yawan manyan ganye suna haɓaka kai tsaye daga gare ta. Ganyayyaki masu wrinkled tare da kafaffen baki suna da fata, launin gashi mai ɗanɗano launin shuɗi mai duhu. Suna ɗaukar siffar m, kuma suna girma game da cm 30 a tsayi kuma tsawon cm 5 cm.
Daga sinus na kowane ganye an kafa farfajiyar ɗakuna kusa da farji. A samansa akwai wasu buds da yawa, suna matse juna. Tsawon furen shine 5-25 cm. inflorescence na iya kunshi adadin sabani mai fure. Siffar Corolla yayi kama da kararrawa mai dauke da filayen fure shida. Manyan ukun saman sun fi guntu guntu fiye da kasan. Dimbin corolla shine 2-9 cm .. Launi na iya zama da launuka iri-iri (a sarari ko launi): ruwan hoda, lavender, fari, shuɗi, jan, shuɗi, shuɗi. Lokacin furanni yana farawa a cikin bazara kuma yana har zuwa Satumba, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau a cikin tukunya, streptocarpus na iya Bloom duk shekara zagaye. A sakamakon pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen sun girma a cikin nau'i na murƙushe kwafsa. A ciki akwai ƙananan ƙananan duhu duhu.
Iri da nau'in streptocarpus
A cikin halittar streptocarpus, fiye da nau'in tsire-tsire 130 an yi rikodin. Yawancinsu sun dace da haɓaka a gida, amma nau'ikan kayan ado, waɗanda launuka iri iri ne suka bambanta su da kuma girman fitarwa kanta, sun fi shahara.
Streptocarpus mai dutse ne. Tsire-tsire suna zaune a saman tsaunin tsaunuka da tuddai na dutse kusa da bakin tekun. Su ne tsayayya wa fari da rana mai haske. A gindi, rhizome ya zama mai kauri kuma yana wakiltar fashewar juzu'ai. Haske kore kananan ganye mai siffofi masu siffa tare da tuddai mai ƙyalli ana yinsa akan sa. A kan fakaice kai tsaye ta furannin Lilac-koren launi, fewan kaxan furanni na Lilac-violet fure.
Ptoarfin ƙarfafa (Re Royal). Shuka tayi alfahari da tsayi (har zuwa 25 cm) ganyayyaki da manyan furanni da manyan furannin Lilac wadanda suke dauke da kayan kwalliya na purple. Wannan iri-iri nasa ne gandun daji. Yana girma mafi kyau a cikin inuwa m kuma a cikin babban zafi.
Vendland Streptocarpus. Fitowar da ba ta dace ba ta bambanta da tsarin tsari. Kowane samfurori yana tsiro da ganye guda ɗaya mai tsawo har zuwa 90 cm. Fuskar ta tana fentin koren duhu kuma jijiyoyinmu suna da sauƙi. A gefe ɗaya na takardar, jan launi ko shuɗi mai haske ya mamaye. A farkon lokacin bazara, dogon farji ya bayyana, samansa wanda aka yi wa ado da furanni 15-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-fitila mai kusan cm 5 Bayan pollination, an ɗaure 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuma a hankali mahaifiyar ta shuka ta mutu.
Hyptocarpus matasan. Wannan rukunin ya haɗu da yawancin nau'ikan kayan ado da ƙungiyoyi iri-iri. Mafi ban sha'awa a cikinsu:
- ds Mozart - kewaye da wrinkled, pubescent ganye a kan dogon peduncle, babba (10-11 cm a diamita) furanni fure tare da shuɗi babba da kuma rawaya cream, an rufe shi da yanar, ƙananan petals;
- ds 1290 - fure mai rabin-fure tare da farin fure mai fure da kuma rawaya mai launin shuɗi-kan ƙananan;
- jerin - manyan furanni biyu-biyu tare da tsarin ruwan hoda-orange mai haske;
- yadin da aka saka da lu'u-lu'u - furanni tare da diamita na 5-7 cm tare da filayen fure na farin launi an rufe shi da tsarin launin ruwan hoda;
- drako - matattarar faren wuta a saman suna da launi mai launin shuɗi, kuma a ƙasa an rufe da raga mai launin shuɗi-burgundy;
- rigar da aka sutura - babban farin itacen rasberi kan farin gindi;
- wo - Rasberi-ja babba petals an haɗe su da ƙananan rawaya;
- katin tute - inflorescence na yawancin jini-ja corollas tare da tabo launin rawaya akan ƙananan petals;
- ambaliyar ruwa - siffofin mai yawa inflorescence of snow-white Semi-biyu furanni.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ana iya yada yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar tsaba da kuma hanyoyin tsirrai. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da yaduwar iri don aikin zaɓi, saboda yaran ba kamar mahaifiyar shuka bane, amma suna iya samun theiranyan haruffan nasu wanda ya cancanci sabon iri. Tsaba ba tare da shirye-shiryen farko ba ana shuka su a cikin kwandon shara tare da cakuda vermiculite, peat da perlite. Plantingan ƙaramin abu dasa shine a hade shi da yashi. An rarraba shi a farfajiya, sannan sai aka yayyafa ƙasa daga bindigar da aka fesa sannan aka rufe ta da kayan abu. Ya kamata a adana shinkafar a cikin haske a na yanayi kuma a zazzabi na + 21 ... + 25 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci a sha iska a kai a kai kuma a cire iska.
Harbe yana bayyana tare bayan makonni 1.5-2. Kamar yadda tsire-tsire ke girma, sun saba da rashin tsari, amma suna kiyaye babban zafi. Tare da isowar ganye na gaskiya guda biyu, seedlingsa seedlingsa masu nutsuwa tare da nesa mai zurfi cikin cakuda ƙasa, pess-sphagnum, ƙasa mai ganye da ciyayi.
Don yada nau'ikan kayan ado tare da adana halayen masu juna biyu, yi amfani da hanyoyin hanyoyin ciyayi masu zuwa:
- Raba daga daji. Itatuwa mai shekaru 2-3 a lokacin dasawar bazara ya 'yantu daga ƙasa kuma a hankali ya kasu kashi. Yawancin lokaci yara (ƙananan kan gado) an raba su da hannu, ya isa a kwance tushen. Idan ya cancanta, an yanke gashin baki tare da ruwa mai rauni. Wuraren da aka yanke tare da carbon da aka kunna. 'Ya'yan suna nan da nan aka dasa su cikin sabuwar ƙasa kuma an rufe su da madafan filafilai na kwanaki don ƙara yawan zafi.
- Rooting cuttings. A matsayin abin riƙewa, zaka iya amfani da kusan duk wani ɓangaren shuka. Yaro ba tare da asalinsu ba, ganye gaba ɗaya ko kuma wani yanki daban a wani yanki da aka yanke ana bi da shi da gawayi, sannan sai a ɗan binne shi da daskararru. An rufe ƙasa har da m hula. Wajibi ne don cire condensate a cikin tsararren lokaci kuma fesa ƙasa. Da isowar Tushen, kananan tsire-tsire, tare da dunƙule tsohuwar ƙanshin wuta, ana watsa su cikin sabon tukunya da ƙasa domin tsirrai.
Tsarin dasaptocarpus
Kodayake streptocarpuses sune perennials, a gida suna buƙatar a watsa su akai-akai kuma a sake sabunta su. Ba tare da wannan hanya ba, yawancin nau'ikan daga shekara ta uku na rayuwa kusan ba su yi fure ba kuma sun rasa tasirin ado.
Don dasa shuki, ya kamata ka zaɓi ƙaramar tarko amma akwai wadataccen tukunya tare da ramuka magudanar ruwa. Zai fi kyau amfani da kwantena na filastik, kamar yadda a cikin yumbu Tushen thinnest ke girma cikin ganuwar, wanda a nan gaba zai tsoma baki tare da hakar shuka. Sabon tukunya ya kamata ya zama ya fi biyu cm biyu girma fiye da na baya.Daɗin yumɓu mai yumɓu, tubalin jan gwal ko wasu kayan magudanar 1-2 cm an shimfiɗa ta a ƙasan.
Soilasa don shuka ya zama mai haske da wadatar abinci, tare da kaddarorin magudana masu ƙarfi. Kuna iya siyan kayan da aka shirya don violet ko tsarkaka a shagon. Rubuta cakuda kasar gona da kanka, ya kamata ku yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- peat;
- maganin cututtukan fata;
- perlite;
- yankakken ganshin sphagnum;
- takardar ƙasa.
Kulawar Gida
Ana amfani da ƙananan hanyoyin amfani da ƙananan tsire-tsire masu ƙwaƙwalwa fiye da, alal misali, violet, don haka sun dace da lambu.
Haske Furen yana ƙaunar haske mai yaduwa mai haske da tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana. Daga faɗuwar rana na rana, musamman ma lokacin zafi mai zafi, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar kariya. Daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, ana sanya tsire-tsire a kan windowsills na yamma ko gabashin, zaka iya ɗaukar su zuwa farfajiyar. A cikin hunturu, zai fi kyau sake shirya tukunyar a taga ta kudu kuma a yi amfani da hasken rana don haka awanin hasken rana ya kasance akalla awanni 14.
Zazzabi Streptocarpus yana haɓaka mafi kyau a zafin jiki na + 20 ... + 25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, ɗakunan sanyi (+ 14 ° C) za su yi. A kan kwanakin zafi ma, ana bada shawara ga fesa tsire-tsire kuma a kwantar da dakin sau da yawa.
Haushi. Wannan fure yana buƙatar zafi mai zafi, kusan 50-70%, kodayake yana iya daidaitawa zuwa iska mai bushewa. Don fesawa, yakamata a yi amfani da tsire-tsire, saboda saukad da akan furanni da ganyayyaki suna kaiwa ga ci gaban ƙirar da raguwar adon ado. A cikin hunturu, ya zama dole don kara amfani da kwakwalwa ta hanyar amfani da kayan wuta.
Watse. Itace tana jure da karancin fari sama da ambaliyar kasar. Tsakanin shayarwa, ƙasa ya bushe ta hanyar 2-4 cm, ya dogara da duka zurfin tukunyar. Ya kamata a gudanar da ban ruwa gefen gefen tukunya ko ta cikin kwanon rufi. Dogon tuntuɓi na ganye da harbe tare da ruwa yana da yawa wanda ba a ke so. Ya kamata ruwan ya kasance da zazzabi sama da yawan zafin jiki na dakin kuma a tsabtace shi da kyau.
Taki. Don ba da ƙarfi ga streptocarpuses na dogon tsayi da yawa, ya zama dole don ƙara takin ƙasa. Yi wannan yayin lokacin bud'ewa da fure sau 3-4 a wata. Ana gabatar da mafita daga hadaddun ma'adinai don tsire-tsire na fure ko violet a cikin ƙasa. Sashi shawarar da aka bayar akan kunshin an rage shi da 20%.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Streptocarpus shine tsire-tsire mai hankali wanda zai iya sha wahala sau da yawa daga cututtuka daban-daban. Zai iya zama fungal (powdery mildew, launin toka mai narkewa, tsatsa na ganye) ko cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawancin lokaci, wata cuta tana tasowa lokacin da daidaituwa na zafi da zafin jiki na iska sun rikice ko lokacin da sassan shuka suka shiga hulɗa da ruwa koyaushe. A farkon alamun cutar, ya kamata a fesa shuka tare da maganin kashe-kashe ko kuma saukin sanyi, kuma a sauya yanayin tsarewar. Tabbatar ka datsa wuraren da aka lalata.
Yataccen iska a jikin ganye da furanni na iya haifar da fari, aphids, mealybugs da kwari masu kwari. Kasancewar parasites ya rage tsawon lokacin fure ko kuma yana kaiwa ga bushewa da bushewar unglown. Yakamata a kashe magungunan kashe kansa a matakai da yawa. Ana fesa sunadarai ba kawai akan kambi ba, har ma an kawo su cikin ƙasa. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, ana yin dasawa tare da maye gurbin ƙasa.
Idan mafitar streptocarpus ta kasance mai cikakkiyar lafiya, amma baya son faranta maigida da furanni, yana da kyau a bincika wani wuri mai haske. Yana da mahimmanci ba kawai tsananin hasken ba, har ma da tsawon sa (awanni 14-16). Ba tare da waɗannan sigogi ba, ba zai yuwu a ji dadin launuka masu launuka daban-daban masu haske da haske mai haske ba.
