Cherry Morozovka - hunturu-Hardy da kuma dadi mazaunin gidãjen Aljanna

Cherry yana daya daga cikin shahararrun shahararrun kayan lambu. An yi girma a cikin Rasha tun karni na 12. Masu shayarwa basu zauna kusa da haɓaka sabbin iri ba, suna ƙoƙarin samun cherries waɗanda zasu haɗu kawai halaye masu kyau - mai daɗi, da haɓaka a cikin yanayi mara kyau, wanda ke da rigakafin cututtukan dutse. Bambancin Morozovka yana da kusan dukkanin halayen da aka lissafa.

Bayanin irin nau'in cherries Morozovka

Cherzovka cherries an bred a I.V. Duk-Rasha Binciken Cibiyar Noma Michurin a cikin 1997. Marubucin ire-ire shi ne Tamara Morozova, wanda a cikin girmamawa ya sami sunan ta. '' Iyayen '' Morozovka sune chera Lyan Lyubskaya da Vladimirskaya, waɗanda aka zaɓa don ingancin babban haɓakar farkon kuma sanyi na biyu.

Berries na Morozovka ya girma akan dogayen layuka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama mai sauƙin tara su

Tsawon itacen Morozovka ya kai mita 2-2.5. Gwanin yana da sihiri, na girman matsakaici, an ɗaga. Haushi yana da launin ruwan kasa, harbe suna launin toka-kore, babba a ciki. Ganye suna m, m, tare da notches tare da gefuna, ana fentin a cikin haske koren launi, a gindi akwai ƙananan glandon ja. Kodan ƙirar ƙirar ƙwaya tana ɓarkewa kaɗan daga harbe.

Tsawon bishiyar cherryvka - kusan 2 m

Blooming Morozovka fara a watan Afrilu: 5-7 fairly manyan ruwan hoda da fari furanni tare da zagaye furanni fure a kan bouquet rassan. Fruiting yana faruwa a cikin rabin na biyu na Yuli. Na farko amfanin gona (har zuwa 200 g) daga itacen ana iya samun sa a shekara ta 3-4 bayan dasawa.

Nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa don girma cherries ya bambanta. Ya danganta da yanayin girma, yana da ikon kawo daga kilo 10 zuwa 30 na berries. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu tsayi a kan dogayen zangarniya, babba (4-5 g kowace), zagaye, tare da hutu a gindi. Fatar jikinsu da naman su kusan iri ɗaya ne kamar launin ja ko burgundy. Kashi ba shi da girma sosai, daga m, amma mai yawa ɓangaren litattafan almara yana sauƙin rabuwa. A berries suna da dadi sosai, akwai sourness mai laushi mai laushi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya cinye sabo da sarrafa su (jam, jam, ruwan' ya'yan itace, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, giya, kayan lemo, da dai sauransu) ba tare da rasa dandano ba. Sakamakon amfanin gona yana tafiya da kyau.

Bishiyoyi masu daskararru - mai dadi, m, tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai yawa

Itace tana da tsayayya da yanayin bushewa, cututtukan fungal da yawa, gami da coccomycosis (a cikin Jihar Rajista an nuna matsakaiciyar juriya), tana jure yanayin zafi low. Amma wannan fa'idar tana da gefen juna: idan aka dasa shuki a yankuna masu tsananin sanyi, sannan fure-fure, da furanni yayin sanyi, zasu iya wahala. Kamar yawancin nau'ikan cherries na kiwo, Morozovka ba shi da kansa.

Dasa cherries

Soilasa don dasa Morozovka yakamata ya kasance mai gina jiki kuma yana da tsaka tsaki na ciki, kyakkyawan malalewa, don kada danshi mai yawa ya tara a ciki. Loamy, yashi, ƙasa mai yashi ya dace sosai. Yankin da ya fi dacewa don ci gaba da haɓaka cherries shine yanki mai cike da hasken rana, ba tare da iska ko rufe daga gare su ba.

Idan matakin ruwan karkashin kasa bai wuce 1.5 m ba, to lallai ya zama dole don haɓaka wucin gadi.

Suna dasa Morozovka a cikin Maris; hakanan ma zai yiwu a yin wannan a cikin Satumba. Don dasa shuki, an zaɓi ɗan shekaru 2 mai graft tare da kambi mai kafa, amma zaka iya amfani da ceri mai shekara. Don dasa shuki, ya kamata a zaɓi seedlings a cikin kaka, tunda a wannan lokacin zaɓinsu yana da matuƙar ƙarfi.

Babban ma'aunin zabar kayan dasa:

• tsayin itace - ƙasa da 1 m;
• diamita na ganga - daga mm 10;
• tsayin tushe - ƙasa da 20 cm;
• haushi a kan akwati yana a launi mai laushi, mai laushi, kuma babu fashe ko ɗora a cikin shafin inoculation.

Don kada tushen tsirar ba ta bushewa yayin da kuke ɗaukar itacen bishiyoyin zuwa rukunin yanar gizonku, ya kamata ku kunsa su da zane mai bushe (alal misali, burlap) kuma sanya su cikin cellophane. Har zuwa bazara, dole ne a bar tsire-tsire daga ƙasa. Sabili da haka, don hunturu, sun tona rami, zurfin wanda ya kamata ya zama 30-35 cm, kuma ya sanya bishiyoyi a kusurwar 45^{game da} (a baya kyauta daga masana'anta da jaka da ake amfani dasu yayin jigilar kaya). Sannan tsarin tushe da kuma ɓangaren gangar jikin (kusan 25 cm) an rufe shi da ƙasa kuma an bar shi ta wannan hanyar har zuwa lokacin dasawa.

Matakai da dabarar sauka

Matakan saukarwa mataki-mataki-mataki sun hada da matakai da yawa.

Ramin shiri

An kasha maƙarƙashiya aƙalla 2.5x2.5 a girma a ƙarƙashin itaciya ɗaya. An shirya rami don dasawa a gaba (a cikin kusan wata ɗaya) don ƙasa ta zauna a ciki. Girman ya bambanta dangane da tsarin ƙasa: a kan wadatattun ƙasa, tsayi, faɗi da zurfi - 40 cm kowannensu, akan mafi talauci (a tsakiyar layin) - 60 cm kowanne. Humus ko takin a daidai gwargwado ya dace, 1 kg na ash, 30-40 g of superphosphate, 20-25 g na potassium chloride kuma an ƙara. Sakamakon abun da ke ciki an zubar da shi cikin rami.

Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, yumɓu, to, yashi (bakunan 1-2) an haɗa da cakuda.

Dankin dasa yakamata ya zama fili mai kyau don haɓaka tsarin tushen seedling

Dasa seedling

Wani karamin tuddai kusan 15 cm tsayi ana kafa shi a cikin tsakiyar rami da aka shirya, wanda akan sa tushen tsarin dutsen seedling. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali don kauce wa lalacewar tushen sa. A wannan yanayin, tushen wuya ya kamata ya tashi 5 cm sama da ƙasa. A cikin rami kusa da seedling, an saita gungumen tsayi 1.3 m. Matasa ceri Tabbas ana buƙatar tallafi har sai an inganta ingantaccen tsarin. Sa’annan ramin ya cika duniya zuwa gefen kuma a hankali an takaita shi, kuma an sanya ciyawar a ƙofarta tare da madauki-takwas.

Ta hanyar zane mai haske, zaka iya fahimtar rikicewar saukar kasa

Matasa mai kulawa

Bayan dasa, ana shayar da seedling tare da buhunan ruwa na 2-3 na ruwan dumi kuma ana iya buɗe ragowar ƙasa daga ƙasa don ƙirƙirar rami na ban ruwa. Ya kamata a sami nesa daga 25-30 cm daga akwati mai ceri. Ana kewaye da da'irar gangar jikin tare da suttura (3-5 cm) na sawdust, takin, peat, shavings, humus ko ƙasa sabo.

Pollination na Cherry

Don tabbatar da cewa amfanin gona yalwatacce kuma mafi kyau, ana bada shawara don samar da cherries tare da pollinators da yawa. Fit:

• Shani na Mikurinsky,
• Zhukovskaya
• Turgenevka,
• Lebedyanskaya
• Vladimirskaya.

Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa

Complexungiyar kulawar ceri ta kulawa ta haɗa da shayarwa, kwance ƙasa, sutura ta sama, girki, kariya a lokacin hunturu, haka kuma game da yiwuwar karin kwari, rigakafi da magani daga cututtuka.

Watering Morozovka da kula da ƙasa

Ya kamata a shayar da itaciyar ɗan itacen sau ɗaya a mako da safe da maraice, ta amfani da buhun ruwa na ruwa 1-1.5. Yana da mahimmanci cewa danshi ba ya yin tururi a farfajiya ba, amma ya ratsa zuwa tushen sa. Don yin wannan, kimanin 10-15 cm na ƙasa ƙasa za a iya cire shi a kusa da akwati, wanda a cikin diamita ya zo daidai da tsinkayar kambi. Bayan an yi ruwa, dole ne a cire ciyawa domin kada su ɗauki abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa, haka kuma su kwance ƙasa.

Komai yadda Morozovka ba ya jure wa fari, ba lallai ne a fitar da bishiyoyi masu inganci ba

Aikace-aikacen taki

Ana bayar da daskarewa tare da abinci sau 2 a shekara - a cikin bazara da kaka. Ana yin wannan a kai a kai yayin farkon shekaru 7 na rayuwar ceri. Bayan wannan, ana rage yawan miya babba ta hanyar gabatar da takin ma'adinai a kowane shekaru 2, da kwayoyin halitta sau daya a cikin shekaru 4. Hakanan, idan yayin dasa kasar tayi da aka hadu, to zaku iya fara samun takin mai zuwa bayan shekaru 2 ta amfani da dabarar:

1. A shekara ta 3 a cikin bazara, 30 g na ammonium nitrate an narkar da shi a cikin ruwa na 10 na ruwa kuma an gabatar da shi cikin ramin zobe ta amfani da 5 l na bayani a kowace itaciya.
2. A cikin shekara ta 4, an gabatar da 140 g na urea a karkashin digging na bazara, kuma a cikin kaka, kuma yayin digging, an ƙara kilogiram 15 na takin.
3. Domin shekara 5-6th, ammophosque narkar da ruwa ana ɗauka (30 g a guga na ruwa) an zuba cikin ramin.
4. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 7, za'a iya amfani da 250 g na urea.

A cikin kaka, zaka iya yin takin zamani mai rikitarwa.

Ganyen kambi

Kwastomar Morozovka yakamata ya zama wani lamari na yau da kullun, tunda rassanta sunyi saurin girma kuma suna yin kambi. Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa babban ƙarfin itaciyar an karkatar da shi zuwa girma da haɓaka ɓangaren kore, kuma 'ya'yan itacen sun zama ƙanana. Ana yin daskararrun abubuwa a farkon bazara, lokacin da sauran ragowar lokaci suka rage kafin kwarara ruwan kwaro da kumburi da kodan.

Har sai ceri ya yi 'ya'ya, kashinta yana ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, duk rassan dake nesa da 30 cm daga ƙasa an cire su daga akwati. Bayan shekaru 2-3, daga rassa 10 zuwa 15 ya kasance a gindin kasusuwan, wanda ke samar da kambi mai kambin lilin. Kada rassan su ƙetare kuma suna da kusanci da juna. Har ila yau, ba a goge harbe da za su bayyana a kan wadannan rassan ba. Iyakar abin da kawai aka cire sune waɗanda waɗanda haɓakar su ke gudana zuwa ciki na kambi. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace ruwa - a cikin bazara kuma a cikin kaka, mara lafiya, bushe, tsofaffin, an cire rassan da ba su da amfani, ana daidaita tsayinsu don tabbatar da saukakawa a cikin ɗaukar berries. A lokaci guda, ana yin gajeren harbe har tsawon yakai 50-60 cm.

Daskarewa yana da kusan girma zuwa kambi, don haka pruning ya zama dole matakan kula da itace

Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su don datsa (saw, pruner, wuka) yakamata suyi kauri kuma su bushe. Don sarrafa wuraren yankan amfani da lambun var.

Bidiyo: Cherryanyen Cherryan Cire

Tsari don hunturu da daskarewa

Cherzovka cherries an bred a matsayin da dama resistant zuwa hunturu hunturu da kuma jure su da kyau. Amma samar da ƙarin matsuguni bazai zama mara kyau a cikin hunturu na yau da kullun ba, har ma fiye da haka idan lokacin sanyi yayi tsanani.

A cikin kaka, ya zama dole a tattara duk ganyen da ya faɗi a kusa da cherries, kamar yadda kuma a tsabtace bishiya daga matattarar itacen da lichens. Kafin lokacin sanyi, itaciyar dole ne a sami ajiyar lokacin daskarewa a lokacin kaka, wanda ke adana ta ta mulching. Don kare akwati da manyan rassa daga kunar rana a jiki, ana yi fari. Don kada akwati ta wahala daga mice, zomaye ko wasu maɓarnata, ya kamata a nannade shi da kayan mai yawa (kayan rufi, burlap, burlap ko net).

A lokacin da mulching, zaka iya amfani da ragowar amfanin gona da aka tattara a gonar ko ciyawar mowed a shafin.

Bidiyo: shirya gonar don hunturu

Don haka lalatattun buds da inflorescences na Morozovka ba su sha wahala daga matsanancin sanyi, zaku iya kunsa itacen da spanbond da dare. Koyaya, wannan hanyar bazai yi tasiri ba idan itacen ya riga ya girma. Wata hanyar kariya ita ce hanyar hayaki, lokacin da ake yin shinge a cikin lambun kuma allon hayaki ya samar da zafi mai mahimmanci. Ya kamata wutar ta yi ja da hayaki, kuma ba kawai ta ƙone ba. Sabili da haka, tushen na iya zama bambaro, tsohuwar ganye, rassan bushe, taki. Amma dole ne a ƙona su da ɗanye, ko an rufe su da wani yanki mai kauri na kaɗa - peat ko gansakuka.

Wata hanyar ceton cherries a cikin irin wannan yanayin ita ce yayyafa, lokacin da aka yayyafa ruwa a kewayen bishiyoyi ta hanyar mai tonon, wanda zai zauna a kan rassan. Daskarewa, ruwa zai haifar da zafi.

Cututtuka da kwari, hanyoyin magance su

Kamar kowane wakilin 'ya'yan itatuwa na dutse, Morozovka na iya yin rashin lafiya tare da cututtuka na asali a cikin wannan al'ada:

• Moniliosis (ƙonawa na monilial). Ganyen cherry sun zama rawaya, bushe da fadi. A ganinsu, da alama sun ƙone. Duffai masu duhu suna samar da thea fruitsan itaciya, berriesan itacen ya gushe kuma ya bushe. Ba za a iya fara cutar ba, in ba haka ba za a iya ceton itacen. Don magani, ana amfani da magani tare da ruwa na Bordeaux na 2-3% (har sai ganye ya yi fure). Idan cutar ta bayyana kanta daga baya, amma har yanzu fure ba ta fara ba, ana amfani da ruwa Bordeaux ko Horus ko shirye-shiryen Skor.
  

  Moniliosis yana da ikon "bushe" ba kawai ganye kadai ba, amma duka itacen ceri

• Sooty naman gwari. Tare da wannan cuta, baƙar fata mai rufi a kan shuka, wanda aka share kullun, amma yana hana shigarwar hasken rana da iskar oxygen zuwa ceri, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar foliage da 'ya'yan itatuwa ko kuma kawai ya ɓata bayyanar su. Ana iya bi da katako tare da mafita na chloroxide na jan karfe, ruwa na Bordeaux ko 150 g na sabulu da 5 g na jan karfe na sulfate diluted a cikin 10 l na ruwa.
  

  Kodayake ana iya cire ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar fata ta guzuri, wannan cuta tana buƙatar kulawa ta gaba ɗaya kamar kowace cuta.
• Kleasterosporiosis (tabo mara nauyi). Don cutar, samuwar ƙananan filayen launin shuɗi a cikin ganyayyaki halayyar mutum ne, ta hanyar buɗe abubuwan da suka biyo baya a wuraren bayyanarsu. A nan gaba, cutar ta bazu zuwa 'ya'yan itaciya, sun bushe kuma sun faɗi ƙasa. An cire dukkanin sassan da abin ya shafa kuma an ƙone su (yana da mahimmanci musamman a yi wannan a cikin kaka kafin a yi hunturu cikin cherries), ana kula da bishiyun da ruwan kashi 3 cikin ɗari na Bordeaux.
  

  Abu ne mai sauki a gano kleasterosporiosis ta hanyar halayen ja da ke kwance ramuka a jikin takardar

• Tsarin Gum. Zai iya faruwa sakamakon lalacewar injin ɗin, kunar rana a jiki, tsananin sanyi, pruning mara kyau. Gudun itace (gum) yana bayyana a kan akwati. Dole ne a cire shi a hankali kuma a tsabtace shi da wuka mai kaifi kuma an ɗauki ƙaramin sashi na ƙoshin lafiya, to sai a tsabtace wurin da maganin sarkar sulfate (1%), kuma a rufe hatimin tare da gonar var.
  

  Ganye yana da haɗari saboda yana malalar itacen

Hadarin sanyi da lalacewar Morozovka yayi kadan. Koyaya, ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan idan an samo wannan cuta a cikin al'adun makwabta.

Matakan hanyoyin kariya:

• bayan da yanayin ya ƙare, a cire cire ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka rage a jikin rassan daga ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi;
• cire da aiwatar da waɗancan sassa na shuka waɗanda suka sami lalacewa na inji;
• kada ku dasa cherries da sauran bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace kusa da juna kuma suna hana tokar kambi;
• hana tururuwa ruwa a lokacin ban ruwa, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ko dusar ƙanƙara;
• samar da abinci mai gina jiki na lokaci domin itaciyar ta rasa kariya.

Kwaro da Kariyar Cutar Kwaro

Daskarewa za a iya shafawa ceri aphids. Don gano wannan kwaro a kan lokaci, ya kamata a bincika lokaci-lokaci bishiyoyin. Aphids suna rayuwa a cikin ganyayyaki, haka kuma akan matasa harbe. Lalacewar sassan shuka ya bushe ya mutu. Ana amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa don magance kwari:

• kwari, alal misali, Spark ko Fitoverm (amma ba za a iya amfani da su a lokacin girbi ko girbi);
• banɗaki mai ɗorawa a kan akwati, tushen abin da zai iya zama fim, kwali, kayan da ba a saka ba tare da shafawa (ya kamata a canza shi sau 1 a wata);
• idan an riga an ɗaure 'ya'yan itacen a kan ceri, za a iya kula da rassan tare da rafi na ruwa mai ƙarfi wanda zai wanke kwari;
• Ofayan ɗaukar matakan hanawa na iya dasa shuki kusa da cherries waɗanda ke samar da mayuka masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke warware kwari - Dill, marigolds, thyme, horseradish.

Wata kwaro mai cutarwa daidai yake da asu. Yankunan sassa daban daban na tsire-tsire suna ciyar da masara na malam buɗe ido. A cikin bazara, zasu iya shiga cikin kodan, wanda ba zai ƙara yin fure ba. A lokaci na gaba, ganyayyaki da buds suna lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayar ceri, matasa harbe suna lalata ta hanyar caterpillars. Kuna iya fahimtar cewa itace ta lalata wannan kwaro ta halayyar yanar gizo wanda ke wanzuwa akan ceri.

Kafin yin farauta da kuma lokacin ƙirƙirar toho, ya kamata a kula da bishiyoyi tare da Spark ko Karbofos. Kuma don halakar da pupae da matafila a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata a haƙa sama lokacin da ceri fure.

Hoton Hoto: Kwalayen Damata Cherryarancin Cherryan Cutar

Nunawa game da ceri Morozovka

Kharitonovskaya da Morozovka suna jin daɗin ɗanɗano, berries sun fi girma fiye da tsoffin iri. A kan tsohon cherries bara akwai wata moniliosis cherries; Dole ne na yanke rassan da yawa.Kharitonovskaya da Morozovka sun kasance masu tsabta, ba tare da shan kashi ba.

Lyudmila62

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/46170/page-125

Daga cikin nau'ikan da suka girma a lambuna, suna da bushewar 'ya'yan itatuwa, suna da halaye masu ɗimbin yawa, iri na Morozovka, Zhukovskaya, Oktava, Assol. Duk iri suna girma a cikin itatuwan daban na shekaru. Bishiyoyi Zhukovskaya da Octave 25, Morozovka shekaru 20.

Victor Bratkin

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=1148&p=577683&hilit=frost#p577683

Shin da kanka kanka abin farin ciki ne ka shuka iri. A cikin kula da cherries yana da nasa hanyoyin, amma yana daya daga cikin ba ma whimsical al'adu. Kuma iri-iri na Morozovka zai zama kyakkyawan zabi ga duka gogaggen ɗan farauta da kuma mai shiga lambu.