Yawancin lambu suna girma albasa a gadaje. Abin takaici, wannan ingantaccen kayan lambu yakan haifar da matsala ga masu shi. Ofaya daga cikin alamun yanayin rashin lafiyar albasa shine rawaya ganye. Kafin yin magani, ya zama dole a kafa dalilin cutar daidai: ana iya haifar da ita ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka, yanayin yanayi mara kyau ko kulawa mara kyau. Dole ne mu tuna cewa ga kowane hali akwai ingantaccen magani!
Sanadin rawaya albasa
Albasa sun girma da kaka, don haka yellowing a ƙarshen watan Agusta wani al'ada ne na ilimin halitta. Amma idan gashin fuka-kore kore fara rawaya a lokacin bazara ko lokacin rani - wannan alama ce ta rashin bunkasar al'adun.
Abubuwan da suka haifar da wannan abin mamakin na iya zama daban. Hanyoyin gashin fuka-fukan an yi saurin canza launin rawaya yayin yanayin, lokacin yayi zafi sosai da ruwan sama mai yawa. Bugu da kari, albasa na iya jujjuya launin rawaya saboda ciyarwar da bata dace ba; kwaro harin da wasu cututtuka.
Dangane da waɗannan dalilai, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance albasa mai launin rawaya.
Me yasa albasa ta zama launin rawaya - bidiyo
Abin da za a yi idan dalilin rawaya shine yanayin yanayi
Yanayin yanayi shine mafi yawan abubuwanda ake iya haifarda matsala ta hanyar baka. Ko da mafi ƙwararrun lambu ba za su iya yin hasashen yadda yanayin zai canza ba.
Kawai kore ne kawai zai iya bada garantin kariya daga canje-canje a cikin zafi da yawan zafin jiki - a ciki gashinsa albasa koyaushe zai kasance kore
Albasa girma a cikin greenhouse yawanci ba su juya rawaya
Idan kayi girma da albasarta a bude, kana bukatar ka sa ido sosai kan dabarun shayarwa. A cikin yanayi mai zafi da bushe, dabarar albasa na iya jujjuya launin rawaya saboda rashin danshi. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne a shayar da tsire-tsire nan da nan sannan kuma a ban ruwa kowane kwanaki 3-4 a lokacin bushewa.
Albasa na bukatar m ruwa tare da ruwa mai zafi
Albasa gaba daya kamar m ruwa. Don guje wa yellowing, tsire-tsire matasa (lokacin fitowar harbe da ganye na ganye) ya kamata a shayar sau 2 a mako, sannan kuma sau 5 a wata (idan yanayin bai bushe sosai ba).
Don ba da albasarta, ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwa mai kyau: dole ne a tattara shi a gaba kuma a bar shi da kwandon rana.
Adadin ban ruwa shine 6-8 l / m2. Bayan jiran kasar ta bushe kadan bayan an sha ruwa, a tabbatar an sassauta shi.
A cikin ruwa sama da ruwa mai wuce kima, albasa rots daga rhizome. Lokacin da mai tushe ya juya launin rawaya, wannan yana nufin cewa kwan fitila ya rigaya an lalace kuma ba zai yiwu a ajiye shi ba - yana da kyau a haƙa duk tsire-tsire da aka lalace nan da nan.
Me zai yi idan albasa bata rasa abubuwan gina jiki
Rashin abinci mai gina jiki shine ɗayan musababban rawaya na albasa. Rashin ƙarancin nitrogen yana shafar bayyanar musamman (albasa suna buƙatu musamman akan abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa). Leaf girma a hankali, a cikin siffar su zama gajere da kauri, da farko haske kore, sannan rawaya. Idan ba a dauki matakan da suka dace ba, gashin fuka-fukan za su bushe, kwararan fitila za su mutu bayansu.
Lokacin da irin waɗannan alamun suka bayyana, ya zama dole don gabatar da takin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. Kyakkyawan kayan miya shine maganin takin gargajiya da ma'adinai: 1 kopin mullein ko jiko na kaza da 1 tablespoon na urea ana ɗauka akan guga na ruwa.
Ka tuna cewa pathogens na fungal cututtuka na iya shiga kasar gona da takin gargajiya.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa nitrogen shine ainihin mahimmancin abinci mai albasa, wuce haddirsa na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako - kwararan fitila a cikin ƙasa. Sabili da haka, lokacin amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogenous, yana da mahimmanci don bin sashin da aka bada shawarar wannan nau'in.
Amfani da ammoniya tare da rashin isashshen nitrogen
Amoniya giya shine ammoniya, ko kuma, mafitarsa ta kashi 10%. Nitrogen yana halarta a cikin abun da ke ciki, saboda haka ammoniya ya dace sosai don ciyar da albasa, musamman tunda maganin ammoniya yana mamaye tsire-tsire. Gaskiya ne, amfani da ammoniya abu ne mai tsada mai tsada, amma idan babu wasu abubuwan da suka dace da su, zai taimaka matuka wajen magance matsalar rashin albasa.
Don ciyar da albasa, an narke ammoniya a cikin ruwa (55-60 ml a kowace 8-10 l) kuma ana shayar da gadaje (yana da kyau a yi haka da maraice).
Ciyar da albasarta tare da ammoniya - bidiyo
Baya ga samar da abinci mai albasa, ammoniya yana haɓaka tsarin ƙasa kuma yana taimakawa rage yawan acid dinta. Wani fa'idar wannan kayan aiki shine ƙamshin da ba shi da amfani da ke tsoratar da kusan kowane kwari.
A cewar marubucin (da goyan bayan kwarewar sa), mabuɗin nasarar nasarar albasa yana dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai dausayi. Idan har yanzu kuna aiki a lokacin kaka don shirya wani lambu (a saka a cikin lalatattun kaji na ciyawa ko mullein a kuma tono shi da kyau), kuma a ciyar da plantings har sau uku a lokacin, sannan ba kwa buƙatar yin faɗa tare da ƙyallen gashin gashin tsuntsu. Af, saman miya ya kamata a za'ayi kawai a lokacin da tsawon ganye, da kuma watanni 2 kafin girbi, gaba daya dakatar da hadi.
Yadda za a magance yellowing lalacewa ta hanyar kwari
Duk da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ake konawa, albasa sau da yawa yakan zama "wanda aka azabtar" da kwari iri-iri, wanda hakan na iya haifar da rashin gashin tsuntsayen ba kawai, har ma da mutuwar amfanin gona. Wadanda suka fi cinye albasa sune kwari da albasarta, kwari da albasarta, albasar albasa, cryptocephalus (weevil), kara nematode.
Albasa tashi
Wannan kwaro a bayyanar yayi kama da tashi ta yau da kullun. Yana rayayye a cikin watan Afrilu - Mayu, lokacin da albasa ganye ganye ci gaba. Futowa yana sanya ƙwai a saman tushe, a cikin ƙasa kusa da tsirrai da ƙarƙashin ganye. Bayan kwanaki 8-10, karamin farin larvae ya fito wanda ya shiga cikin kwan fitila kuma ku ci sikeli. Tsire-tsire masu lalacewa suna rage jinkirin girma, juya rawaya, za, kuma a ƙarshe bushe ganye.
Domin sanin tabbas ko tashi ne dalilin rawaya, kana buƙatar tono ƙasa ka gani ko akwai farin tsutsotsi a jikin kwan fitila.
Albasa gardama yana daya daga cikin kwari kwari albasa.
Don hana lalacewar tashi, dole ne a saka kayan dasa a cikin maganin potassiumgangan. Don sarrafa kwaro, zaku iya kula da gadaje tare da Mukhode, Aktapoy, Kreotsidom PRO ko Kapate Zeon. Gaskiya ne, amfani da sinadarai na iya rage ingancin amfanin gona.
Akwai magungunan gargajiya don kula da kwaro:
- Ana shuka karas ko faski kusa da gadaje albasa: ƙanshinsu yana juyar da albasa tashi;
- amfani da cakuda ash tare da taba, barkono da mustard a cikin ƙasa don hana lalacewa;
- pollinate plantings tare da cakuda (daidai daidai) na ash da ƙura taba. Kuna iya zuba gadaje tare da jiko na taba (0.2 kilogiram na taba kuna buƙatar zuba lita 2.5-3 na ruwan zafi kuma nace kwanaki 3, sannan ku kawo ƙara zuwa lita 10), wanda aka ƙara 1 tablespoon na sabulu mai wanka da barkono ja kafin amfani;
- shayar da ƙasa tare da bayani na gishiri tare da ammoniya (200 g na gishiri da dan kadan ammoniya suna narkar da a guga na ruwa). Wannan maganin ba ya aiki sosai a kan ƙasa, saboda haka bai kamata a yi amfani dashi sau da yawa. Zaka iya amfani da maganin ammoniya kawai, wanda aka shirya su a cikin hanyar kamar ciyarwa: ana shayar da su tsakanin layuka yayin lokutan matsakaicin aiki na tashi da albasa (sau biyu a watan Yuni kuma sau biyu a Yuli). Bayan kowace ruwa, ƙasa tana buƙatar sauƙaƙe dan kadan.
Don kawar da kwari na albasa, marubucin ya yi nasarar amfani da cakuda ash (1 kofin), baƙar fata ko barkono ja (1 tablespoon) da shag (1 tablespoon). Wannan abun da ake ciki yana buƙatar pollinating gadaje. Kafin sarrafawa, an cire duk ganye mai launin rawaya gaba daya.
Nematode
Idan ganyen albasa ya bushe kuma ya rufe ta da jijiyar wuya, to, wataƙila zaku sami nematode a cikin mai tushe - tsutsotsi masu fiɗa kamar fari. Suna tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga mai tushe, suka shiga cikin kwan fitila, suna haifar da fatattaka da karkatar da gindinta. Zai yi wuya a rabu da wani ƙirar nematode - zai iya zama a cikin ƙasa shekaru.
Ganyen da nematode ya lalace.
Don hana lalacewa, a hankali dasa kayan (ruwan zafi a zazzabi na 40-45 game daC, sannan kuma tare da gishiri mai ƙarfi na minti 15-20), kuma a cikin kaka (bayan girbi) bi da ƙasa tare da Heterophos, Carbathion ko Tiazon. Dole ne a ɗauka cikin zuciya cewa waɗannan kwayoyi masu guba ne kuma lokacin jira bayan amfani dasu ya zama akalla watanni 2.
Zuwa magungunan jama'a don magance nematode sun hada da:
- dasa marigolds ko marigolds a cikin hanyoyin (samfuransa mara canzawa kwari ne);
- saka gadaje tare da tincture na marigolds: tsire-tsire da aka yanka tare da wuka an saka a cikin guga (ana cika shi da rabi), an zuba shi da ruwa mai zafi zuwa digiri 50 kuma ya bar ƙarƙashin murfi na kwana biyu.
- ciyar da sulfate na ammonium (rabin rabin Yuni) - 2 tablespoons na miyagun ƙwayoyi suna narkar da a cikin lita 10 na ruwa da kuma gadaje masu ruwa a cikin ƙimar 4-5 l / m2;
- watering tare da bayani na gishiri (gilashin m gishiri a lita 10 na ruwa).
Kara nematode - bidiyo
Albasa asu
Albasa asu yayi kama da sauran irin kwari. Ana kunna wannan kwaro lokacin da yanayin yayi sanyi kuma ya bushe. Moth lays qwai a cikin ƙasa kusa da kwararan fitila. Kunno kai larvae mamaye ganye da gnaw su daga ciki. Fuka-furen gashin albasa da abun ya shafa suna canza launi kuma sun bushe da farko a cikin sashin na sama, sannan gaba daya. An lura da farkon nasarar shan kashi a cikin Mayu - Yuni.
Albasa asu larvae mamaye ganye
Daga hanyoyin sunadarai na kariya Metaphos da Spark suna da tasiri. Daga cikin magungunan jama'a, sarrafawa tare da toka, ƙurar taba, tafarnuwa ko jigilar sigari ya shahara.
Albasa ko taba mai ci
Albasa (taba) thrips kuma sau da yawa yana sa yellowing na albasa. Wadannan ƙananan (ƙananan aphids) kwari, kamar aphids, suna tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shuka. Suna hibernate a cikin ƙasa da kwararan fitila, don su iya bayyana ko da a cikin wuraren da ke da kyakkyawan noma.
Duk da ƙananan girmanta, thrips na iya haifar da babbar lalacewa.
Don rigakafin, dole ne a kula da tsarin albasa da ruwan zafi (minti 10), sannan kuma a nutsar da shi cikin ruwan sanyi. Idan an gano kamuwa da tsire-tsire a gadaje, jiyya tare da Spark da Confidor zasu taimaka.
Don tantancewa (da rage) ƙimar cututtukan thrips, ana iya shigar da tarko a kan gadaje. Yana da kyawawa cewa takarda ta zama launin rawaya ko shuɗi - waɗannan launuka suna jan hankalin kwari. Idan kamuwa da cuta ba shi da ƙarfi, zaku iya amfani da madadin hanyoyin gwagwarmaya:
- bi da tsire-tsire tare da tafarnuwa ko jiko na albasa (zuba tablespoon na kayan da aka lalata da gilashin ruwan zafi kuma nace don rana ɗaya);
- amfani don sarrafa jiko na taba, mai shekaru 36 da tsarma kafin amfani sau biyu;
- fitar da tsiron tsire-tsire tare da adon ganyen Rum na bushe, lemun tsami da mayin tangerine (0.2 kilogiram), yarrow (70-80 g), barkono ja (10-12 g) da tafarnuwa mai laushi (2 cloves).
Albasa weevil (na tsutsa tsutsa)
Weevil larvae suna ciyar da gashin furen albasa na kore. Alamar farko ta lalacewa ita ce launin fari, daga nan sai ya bushe kuma ya mutu. Idan baku aikata gwagwarmaya cikin tsari ba, daukacin gonar na iya mutuwa. Yana da Dole a hankali bincika plantings: idan ratsi bayyana a kan gashin gashinsa, a yanka gashin tsuntsu - wataƙila, weevil tsutsa ɓoye a wurin. Wakilin kula da sinadarai shine Karbofos, wanda ya kamata a fesa shi da tsire-tsire (sannan ba za a zaɓi albasa na kore ba har tsawon makonni 2-3).
Sauran hanyoyin da ake mu'amala da ita itace:
- tarin gwoza;
- shayar da gadaje tare da bayani na ammoniya (50 ml na ammoniya a kowace guga na ruwa) kowane kwanaki 7 da fara daga tsakiyar Yuni;
- girbi da ƙone dukkan datti na shuka daga gado a kaka;
- yayyafa gadaje a bazara tare da ash, barkono a ƙasa ko mustard.
Yellowing fungal cututtuka na albasa
Daga cikin cututtukan da albasarta, yellowing galibi yakan haifar da cututtukan fungal: rot na ƙasa, fusarium, tsatsa. Babban hanyar rigakafin shine zabi mai kyau na tsarin lafiya kuma a tsoma shi cikin ruwan zafi ko gishiri. Wurin saukowa ya kamata ya kasance rana da iska mai iska. Notarancin yashi mai yalwa dole ne ya yuwu ba, kuma kwari wanda yawanci ke ɗaukar cututtukan su ma sun zama dole. Ba wuri na ƙarshe a cikin rigakafin cutar cuta ba ce.
Kafin dasawa, yana da kyau a kula da rukunin tare da HOM - to, an rage yiwuwar bayyanar gashin gashin rawaya.
Ba bu mai kyau muyi amfani da tsire-tsire masu cutar da magungunan kashe ƙwari ba, saboda a bayansu ba za ku iya cin gashin tsuntsu ba na dogon lokaci. Kuna iya amfani da Trichodermin (a cikin dakatar da 10 g / l na miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka shafa), da kuma Fitosporin-M ko Gamair (an shuka tsire-tsire tare da waɗannan kwayoyi). Wadannan cututtukan fungicides sune samfuran halitta kuma ba sa cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam.
Inganci da yellowing na gashin tsuntsu lalacewa ta hanyar cuta, metronidazole. Tare da mafita na allunan 2 a lita 5 na ruwa, kuna buƙatar shayar da gadaje (al'ada 4-6 l / m2).
Yin rigakafin albasa mai launin rawaya
Maimakon ƙayyade abin da ke haifar da raɗaɗin albasa, zaɓi magungunan da suka dace da kawar da matsalar, ya fi kyau kar a kyale irin wannan yanayin. Idan kun noma ƙasa a cikin dace, da kyau gudanar da ruwa da kuma kai miya da kuma kai a kai yi yaƙi karin kwari, to, watakila mafi kusantar ba zai faru (sai dai ba saboda yanayin yanayi). Don rigakafin, dole ne a bi ka'idodin masu zuwa:
- kowace shekara a cikin kaka, bayan an girbe gaba daya, ya kamata a tono shafin. Zurfin aiki kada ta kasance da tsawon lokacin bayoneti na shebur;
- lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona - ana iya dasa albasa a wuri guda kawai 1 lokaci cikin shekaru 4, hatsi suna da kyawawa a matsayin kayan gaba;
- don dasa, yi amfani da kayan masarufi mai inganci kawai kuma shirya shi daidai (dumi da bushe kafin dasa);
- don ware cututtuka, gurɓata ƙasa tare da sulfate jan ƙarfe kafin shuka (1 tablespoon da guga na ruwa);
- takin ƙasa gwargwadon shawarwarin: ƙarancin adadin takin mai magani yana da lahani kamar kaɗan kaɗan;
- tabbatar da kyakkyawan ruwa: ya kamata ya zama na yau da kullun, amma matsakaici;
- Don kawar da ƙimar cutar, cire duk tsire-tsire masu cuta ko marasa lafiya daga kwari masu cutarwa kuma ƙone su.
Abubuwan da gashin fuka-fukin da ke launin shuɗi - mai nuna farin ciki ga lambu. Koyaya, lura da ka'idoji masu sauƙi na fasaha na aikin gona kusan koyaushe yana taimakawa wajen hana wannan matsala, kuma idan ya faru, koyaushe akwai hanya don dawo da lafiyar gadaje albasa.
