Duk wanda yayi imani da cewa bai taba ganin actinidia ba to yanzunnan yana da gaskiya. Wani ya sami damar ziyartar Lambun Botanical ko ziyarci Lambunan Magunguna - galibi da sabbin matan aure ke ɗaukar hotuna a wurin game da tushenniyan ruwan inabin da aka watsa tare da fararen furannin furanni a watan Yuni. Wasu, yayin da suke zagayawa cikin dabarun lambun, sun lura da hawa tsire-tsire tare da baƙon furanni da fararen furanni, kamar an shafe su da fenti. Kuma 'yan kaɗan sun gwada kiwi. Wannan kuma aikin actinidia ne, amma Sinanci, ko wani abu mai dadi.
Asalin actinidia da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin
Actinidia (daga Girkanci. Ακτινιδιον - ray) asalin halittar vine ne na iyayen Actinidian. Ga mazaunan Yankinmu na Gabas, Primorye ko Khabarovsk Territory, babu wani abu mai ban sha'awa a cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire. Actinidia ta zauna a can tun a lokacin Tertiary, lokacin da har yanzu akwai sauran rina a kaba. Tare da farawar glaciers, yanayin ya canza canje-canje, amma actinidia bai shuɗe ba, kamar sauran tsire-tsire, amma ya saba da yanayin mafi tsauri. Abubuwa huɗu na actinidia daga cikin guda saba'in da biyar suna ci gaba a halin yanzu a Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Actinidia - daskararre creepers tare da itace-kamar curly ko kafa mai tushe. Actinidia mai tushe suna buƙatar tallafi. Ba su da tushen iska, saboda haka ana dasa su kusa da gine-ginen ba tare da lalata gine-ginen ba. Ganyen Actinidia suna da bayyanar ado sosai. Fentin a lokuta daban-daban na shekara a launuka daban-daban daga fari zuwa rasberi, suna jan hankalin mutane, suna haifar da jin daɗin hutu mai ban sha'awa.
Ana amfani da Actinidia don aikin lambu na tsaye, yi ado facades na gine-gine
Actinidia shine dioecious shuka. Idan kuna da ra'ayi ba kawai don ado gonar ba, har ma ku ji daɗin ainihin berries, kuna buƙatar dasa akalla tsirrai biyu. Kuma ya fi kyau, har ma da ƙarin, alal misali, a cikin rabo na 1: 3, inda ƙananan nuna alama ke danganta da tsire-tsire na maza. Kafin fure, ba shi yiwuwa a bambance mace ta mace daga namiji. Bayan fure, sanannen abu ne cewa furanni namiji ba su da fitsari, yayin da furannin mata suke da sihiri da na pistil. Corollas na furanni yawanci fari ne.
Namijin fure actinidia basu da kwaro, yayin da furanni mata suke da maganin kashe kwari da na kankara
'Ya'yan itãcen actinidia masu duhu kore kore, sau da yawa oblong, amma akwai kuma mai na fata su. 'Ya'yan itacen ya kai tsawon cm 3 da faɗi 1.5 cm .. berriesa berriesan itace cikakke ne mai ƙanshi, mai daɗi, mai laushi, tare da yawancin ƙananan tsaba.
Ba shi da matsala a faɗi cewa a nan gaba actinidia za ta mamaye ɗayan wurare na farko tsakanin plantsa thean tsire-tsire na yankinmu, wanda zai iya kawar da inabi gaba ɗaya a cikin thea fruitsan ...a ...an su ... ba wai kawai ya maye gurbinsu da kowane nau'in amfani ba, amma ya fi ƙarfin su a cikin ingancin 'ya'yan fruitsya ...yan su ...
I.V. MichurinKuragodnikova G. A. Cikakken bincike na tattalin arziki da kimiyar halitta na actinidia shine ke tsiro a cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya
Actinidia na iya girma har zuwa shekaru 80-100. A farkon shekarun, yana girma cikin sauri, sannan yayi jinkirin. Fruiting yana wucewa har kusan shekaru 50.
Dokokin saukarwa
Kafin ka fara dasa shukar actinidia, kana buƙatar yanke hukunci game da wane irin manufa ake nufi. Don dalilai na ado, jima'i na tsirrai da yanayin haɓakarsu ba su da wata ma'ana. Don samun amfanin gona na fure mai ƙanshi, kuna buƙatar samun seedlings na nau'in maza da na mata, kuma ya fi kyau sama mafi ƙwarin mata. Mafi kyawun shekaru don shuka shine daga shekaru biyu zuwa hudu.
Don ɗaukar nauyin actinidia, wuraren rana suna da mahimmanci, amma ma wuraren bude wurare suna iya haifar da ƙonewa a cikin tsire-tsire. Yankunan da aka haskaka inda shuka zai yi inuwa a lokacin zafi ya fi dacewa.
Don al'ada girma da haɓakar actinidia, yana buƙatar ƙasa mai acidic ko ƙasa tsaka tsaki, ingantaccen ruwa, m. A cikin ƙananan ƙasashe, a kan ƙasa na yumɓu, ba ya yin girma. A matsayin magudanar ruwa a cikin rami na shuka don actinidia, ana amfani da pebbles kogi, amma ba tsakuwa ko dutse wanda aka murƙushe, tunda alli da ke ciki na iya alkinta ƙasa. Tare da babban abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa, an zubar da tudun wucin gadi don actinidia, ana amfani da bulo da pebbles don magudanar ruwa.
Bidiyo: amfanin gona na farko na actinidia
Inda yafi kyau dasa bishiyar inabi
Idan za ta yiwu, zai fi kyau a shuka actinidia a kan gangara na zahiri, inda ruwa ba ya tsayawa kuma tsirrai za su yi haske sosai. Kamar kowane creepers, actinidia yana buƙatar goyon baya mai ƙarfi. An dasa shuka tare da shinge, kusa da gidan, akan farashi ko kuma tsararren tsari ana yin su. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun bayyana a saman kambi, don haka yana da mahimmanci a yi tunani game da nau'in tallafin a gaba, saboda daga baya ya dace don girbi. Ana nuna Actinidia ta hanyar dadewa.
An ba da shawarar dasa actinidia kusa da manyan bishiyoyi. Irin wannan unguwa yana hana actinidia, hana shi rana da danshi, da kuma kwance loolling na yau da kullun a kusa da da'irar da'irar bishiyoyi 'yan itaciya suna lalata tushen ayoyin.
Ba a dasa Actinidia a wuraren da aka riga aka noma ta ba, amma ana zaɓi sabon wuri. Masana ilimin kimiyya kuma sun lura cewa bishiyoyin apple suna da mummunar tasiri kan haɓakar actinidia, yayin da kusanci zuwa currant bushes yana da kyau.
Actinidia dasa a cikin bazara
An shirya ramuka masu saukowa a gaba. Girman ramuka ya zama cm 50x50x50. An sanya su a nesa kusan mita ɗaya da rabi ko biyu. Tare da isasshen adadin takin a cikin rami, nisan zai iya zama ƙasa idan ya kamata yayi ado da facade na gidan.
- An zaba 'yan ƙwaya a gaba, a yanka rauni kuma an yanke sassan tushen da rassa.
- Tubalin da aka fasa, baƙaƙen dutse, ƙananan duwatsu na kogi suna kwance a ƙasa daga cikin ramuka.
- Fushin lambatu an rufe shi da cakuda peat.
- Cakuda ƙasa tare da yashi da takin ma'adinai da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium a cikin rabo na 1: 5: 1 an zubar akan wannan Layer tare da ƙwanƙwasa; babu fiye da 30-40 g na taki da kyau.
- Ana dasa Actinidia a cikin mounds tare da takin ma'adinai.
- Isasa takan haɗa sosai, ta tabbata cewa tushen wuya ba ya zurfi.
- An shayar da ita sosai kuma mulched da sawdust, Pine needles ko bushe peat.
Ba za a iya ƙara takin mai magani na Chlorine a ramin dasa ba; actinidia baya jure chlorine. A farkon shekarun, kuliyoyi suna da hadari ga shuki; suna lalata harbe-harbe saboda su more narkar da tsiro. Tsohon lignified mai tushe ba sa fama da jita-jita a cat. Matasa seedlings ana samun mafi yawanci ta shinge da aka yi da karfe.
Autar saukowa
Idan kuna buƙatar shuka actinidia a cikin fall, yana da mahimmanci ku sani cewa ana yin wannan a ƙarshen makonni 2-3 kafin lokacin sanyi da ake tsammanin sanyi. In ba haka ba, babu bambance-bambance: an shirya ramin saukar da hanya a cikin hanyar da ta saba, bayan dasawa, ramin yana mulched tare da peat, humus ko takin. Matasa actinidia seedlings a cikin shekarar farko tashar jiragen ruwa. Manyayen tsire-tsire na manya sun yi haƙuri da hunturu da kyau, a cikin lokuta na keɓewa, kawai kuna cire rassan da sanyi ta hanyar sanyi. Babu buƙatar cire actinidia daga trellis da murfin.
Bidiyo: Yin shuka Actinidia
Hanyoyin kiwo
Kamar kowane tsire-tsire na angiosperm, actinidia na iya yaduwar tsire-tsire tare da tsiro. A lokacin yaduwar ciyayi, ganyayyaki daga tsire-tsire na maza sun riƙe kaddarorin maza, da gemun mace, bi da bi, duk kaddarorin tsire-tsire na uwa. Tsire-tsire da aka samo ta hanyar itace ya fara bada fruita inan a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu bayan dasa shuki. Nau'in ciyayi ya hada da haifuwa ta hanyoyin yashi.
Lokacin yin yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, shine, keɓaɓɓen, ba shi yiwuwa a tantance jima'i na shuka kafin farkon farkon, amma bisa ga sake dubawa, seedlings da aka samo daga tsaba sun fi ƙarfin girman. Shuke-shuke da aka girma daga tsire-tsire suna ba da 'ya'ya kawai a shekara ta bakwai.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Don yaduwar actinidia, harbe masu ƙarfi na shekara-shekara sun fi dacewa. An yanke yankan a watan Yuni, lokacin da ruwan safarar ya daina yin zafi sosai.
- Tare da harbi mai ƙarfi na shekara-shekara, an yanke reshe na rabin rabin mita.
- Sun rarrabe shi cikin tsummoki 10-15 cm tsayi, domin kowane ɗayan yana da rassa 3.
- Wanda aka yanke a karkashin karamin koda ya wuce a kwana na 45game da, kuma bisa saman transversely, 5 cm sama da koda da kanta.
- Ana cire ƙananan ganye, an yanke babba a cikin rabi don rage yankin ƙafe.
- Idan an kula da yanke tare da Cornevin, tushen zai zama da sauri.
- Shirya rijiyoyin a gaba domin cutunan su zama 5 cm baya.
- Kasar gona a cikin ramuka an haxa shi da humus da yashi rami a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1.
- Tsarin ma'adinai na ma'adinai waɗanda basu da sinadarin chlorine (!) Ba da gudummawa sama da gram 100 a kowace m2.
- Haɗin ƙasa-ƙasa yana shayar da shi sosai, ana shuka cuttings a wani kusurwa na 60game da.
- Ana amfani da ƙasa a hankali a hankali, yayin tsakiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ya rage sama da matakin ƙasa.
- Idan ba a dasa iri ba a cikin kora ko a kore, ana sa kwalba na talakawa a kansu.
- Bayan dasawa, tabbatar cewa kasar gona tana da isasshen danshi, kuma ana fesar da dabbobin har sau biyar a rana.
- Kafin sanyi, ana rufe ganyen da ya faɗo ko ganye ciyayi.
- A farkon bazara, kafin kumburin ƙwayar kodan, ana shuka tushen zuriya a cikin zaɓin da aka zaɓa a cikin tazara.
- A nan gaba, yayin da seedlings ke girma da haɓaka, suna samar da itacen inabi a kan goyon baya mai ƙarfi.
Bayan dasa shuki seedling a cikin dindindin wuri, da samuwar vines
Hanyar da aka bayyana ba haka ba ana kiranta "kore kore". Akwai sauran hanyar da za a yanka tare da lignified harbe. An girbe su a ƙarshen kaka ko hunturu: a yanka a yanka mai laushi, a ɗaure a cikin ɗaure, a ajiye a cikin kwalin da yashi a ƙasa (har zuwa +5game daC) yanayin zafi. A cikin bazara, suna dasa shi a cikin greenhouse kuma suna lura dashi kamar wancan kore kore.
Rooting layering
Idan kana son yada farfadowar aikin data kasance na actinidia, ana zaba da karfi. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da ruwan ya kwarara ruwa yayi saurin sauka kuma ganyayyaki matasa suka bayyana, sai su tanƙwara shi ƙasa kuma suyi pin.
Ana yin pining ɗin ne da yawa kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa don tushen
Wurin da tsiran suka taɓa ƙasa an rufe shi da tudun ƙasa ya yaɗu. A lokaci guda, saman harbi ba ya yin barci, ana iya ɗaure shi da fegi. Ruwan kuwa yana shayar da shi, wani sabon tsiro wanda ya bayyana ana yayyafa shi koyaushe. A cikin kaka, tushen yadudduka rabu da iyayen shuka da kuma dasawa zuwa m wuri.
Tsarin shuka
Don haɓaka actinidia daga tsaba, kuna buƙatar ajiye sama da babban haƙuri. Ana amfani da tsaba masu kyau don shuka, saboda suna rasa asarar su da sauri.
- Ana ɗaukar tsaba daga 'ya'yan itãcen cikakke, an sanya shi a cikin jaka ko mai kyau, an wanke shi sosai a bushe a kan adiko na goge baki a cikin inuwa.
- A farkon Disamba, an yayyafa tsaba a cikin kyalle da ruwa wanda ya rufe masana'anta gaba ɗaya. Ana canza ruwa kowace rana.
- Bayan kwanaki hudu, za a fitar da ɗan wando tare da tsaba, a ɗanɗaɗa a ciki kuma a nutsar a cikin tsabta, yashi mai laushi a ɗakin zazzabi har tsawon watanni biyu. A wannan lokacin, sau ɗaya a mako, an cire tsaba, mayafin ba a rufe ba na mintina biyar don yin iska, ta sake lulluɓewa, a wanke a ruwa, an matse ɗan kadan kuma a sake nutsar da yashi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa yashi bai bushe ba.
- A farkon Fabrairu, an binne kwalin yashi da tsaba a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
- Bayan watanni 2, an canja akwatin zuwa daki mai zazzabi na 10-12game daC kuma hagu na tsawon makonni 3-4.
- Ana shuka tsaba ƙiyayya a kan ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa, girma a ɗakin zafin jiki har sai ganye biyu ko uku sun bayyana, sannan a dasa cikin ƙasa.
Actinidia girma daga tsaba sun fi wuya, amma kai 'ya'yan itace daga baya fiye da seedlings samu ta hanyar vegetative, a cikin shida zuwa bakwai shekara.
Canjin Actinidia zuwa sabon wuri
Lokacin dasawa da actinidia, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ba shi yiwuwa a cutar da shi yayin kwararar ruwan, yana iya mutuwa. Sabili da haka, ya fi dacewa don dasa shuki matasa har zuwa shekaru uku da haihuwa kuma ko dai a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin a buɗe buds, ko a ƙarshen kaka. Tallafin don actinidia ya fi dacewa a sanya a gaba don kar a cutar da asalin tushen.
Don kula da actinidia, yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai dasa shi a kan m ba, ƙasa mai kyau-ruwa da kuma shayar da shi a kai a kai, amma kuma don tabbatar da isasshen iska, don guje wa asarar ganye.
Actinidia a kan tsarin arched - ainihin kayan ado na gona ba
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Ya ku abokai na! Tsohon tsufa actinidia girma a cikin kasar gida - sun kasance 20 years old, ba kasa: Trunks sun zama kamar itatuwa. Ba a taɓa samun sabon ci gaba a kusa da su ba. A takaice, mun sanya wata gazebo kusa da su, amma wasu creepers suna girma zuwa gefen. Yana da Dole a watsa su a karkashin arbor. A cikin bazara, lokacin da aka yi kaciya da actinidia, yana da matukar gudana tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, kamar daga famfo. Na fahimci cewa wataƙila shuka tana da ka'idodi na wurare dabam dabam. Wanene ya sani, gaya mani: 1) Yaushe ne ya fi dacewa a watsa shi - a bazara, a cikin kaka, wanne watan ne ya fi dacewa da wannan? Oktoba, i.e. Yanzu, ya dace? 2) Tushen ya tsiro cikin ƙasa sosai da zurfi. Shin zai yiwu a sara su da duka? Dukiyarmu ba za ta bushe bayan hakan ba? 3) Yadda ake ƙirƙirar sabon kayan shuka daga wurinsu, shine, yaduwa? Muna daraja actinidia sosai kuma idan dai na yanke shawarar taka shi lafiya tare da shawarar ku. Na gode a gaba don taimakon ku!
Geys, gundumar Boguslavsky//kievgarden.org.ua/viewtopic.php?p=170831
Ina so in ba da amsa a baya, amma Intanit gonar ba ta bar ni ba ... Har ila yau, a gare ni cewa babu wata hanyar da za a watsa itacen kurangar manya, kuna buƙatar wata dabara ta musamman don tono tushen tushen tushen da yawa, ba zai yiwu a yi nasara ba. Ina kuma da tsoffin creeper kamar bishiyoyi kuma ban iya tunanin yadda zaku iya juya su ba - za ku lalata komai lokaci ɗaya. Kuma game da haifuwa - kuma zaku iya tono harbin, yana da kyau ku ringa yin kuka da ɗanɗano kaɗan, inda zai taɓa ƙasa, zai fi sauƙi don fara asalin tushen. Kuma ina tsammanin kafin faduwar gaba kuma babu abin da zai kawo cikas tare da kallon tushen. Better yet, kore cuttings. Yarinya sun riga sun fentin komai - smarties, suna shan yan bazara a lokacin rani, zai fi dacewa a watan Yuni - wannan shine mafi kyawun lokacin don haifuwa. Kuma idan cutan wardi sun saba, to babu matsaloli kwata-kwata, ana yin komai daidai. Coupleaya daga cikin fure a cikin ƙasa, da kuma ganye guda biyu, yana da kyau a yanka ruwan ganye a rabi don rage yankin ƙafe, a saman. kuma sanya a cikin karamin wuri kuma ya rufe tare da gilashi. Ya juya a mini-greenhouse. A shekara mai zuwa, zaka iya budewa a hankali kuma iska, sa'a!
Nikusia, Kiev//kievgarden.org.ua/viewtopic.php?p=170831
Babbar matsala ga actinidia shine daskarewa. Yana da ma'ana don rufe shi daga sama tare da Latrusil na akalla sa na 42. Mafi kauri, ba haka ya liƙe zuwa rassan ba. A wannan shekara na rufe pears, don haka aƙalla ku ci su. Amma actinidia basu da isasshen kayan. Ba su yi tsammanin irin wannan daskarewa da wuri ba. Kodayake na riga na san a watan Afrilu 100% cewa zai kasance Mayu mai sanyi. My actinidia ko da yaushe trimmed, ta riga ta cika 35 years old, kuma tsawo ba ya fi mita 2.5 bayan trimming. Daga wasu vines na tattara kilogiram 12 na berries. Yanzu samu iri-kai iri-iri na jayayya actinidia, da Isaii iri-iri. Zan rufe shi baki ɗaya tare da baƙar fata mai baƙar ciyawa da ciyayi mara nauyi, yana bada fruita thean shekara mai zuwa bayan dasawa. Na tabbatar da cewa ya riga yayi fure, amma babu wasu berries saboda yanayin sanyi sosai. Kuna iya yin pollinate ta wucin gadi. Amma ta yi ƙanƙanta.
stefan, Novopolotsk, Belarus//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=30
Olesya! Da alama a gare ni kuna buƙatar haɓaka actinidia Giraldi a Montreal, ya fi girma fiye da colomicta, ɗan ƙarami fiye da kiwi. Ko ni na yi ba daidai ba? Amma game da bayani game da iri, to, ba ku kuskure. Sa'an nan, watakila, akwai kama da tsaba da zaɓi na mafi kyawun seedlings, wanda ya sami matsayin da dama. Kusan dukkanin nau'in actinidia an samu su a cikin MoVIR E.I. Tsiran alade. Komawa daji. Ba zaku iya tunanin sau nawa tafiyar da wannan mata ta yi ba. Af, zabin ba wai kawai cikin yanayi bane, har ma a wuraren yan lambu. Duk da haka tsunduma cikin kiwo a cikin Kiev Botanical Garden da Far East.Me ku ke so a cikin yaduwar iri: tsari da kansa? Rana! Babu wasu nau'ikan da suka shawo kansu, amma kuna buƙatar siyan varietal actinidia a Mikhnevo, inda MoVIR take, yanzu da gaske ya ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Kula da Gona.
Tamara Yudina, Moscow//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10182
Kyakkyawan lian wasan kwaikwayo na actinidia ya rufe fuskar gidan ƙasa. 'Ya'yan itaciya masu ƙanshi da ƙanshi suna da daɗi mai daɗi a cikin abincin kuma suna wadatar da shi da adadin bitamin. Actinidia shine shuka iri daya mai matukar kyau ga kayan ado, gourmets kuma kawai suna son cin sabo, cike da bitamin, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ba berries bane.
