Strawberry Festival - wani nau'in gargajiya na gida wanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman

Fiye da rabin karni, Strawberry Festival ya yi farin ciki da yawan kayan lambu a duk yankuna na Rasha. Berry yana girma sosai kuma yana bada 'ya'ya a cikin Arewa maso gabas mai tsananin sanyi, Caucasus mai zafin rana, a yankin Tsakiyar Baƙin Blackasa da Tsakiyar Siber. A iri-iri ne mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari, amma flaws Fade a kan tushen na shekara-shekara yalwa da dadi da kyau berries.

Asali da bayanin iri-iri

A cikin 1926, kilomita 30 daga Leningrad, an shirya tashar gwaji ta Pavlovsk VIR. Kamfanin yana aiki a yau, ƙwarewa a cikin kiwo, haifuwa, samun ƙwararrun tsaba na kayan lambu, kayan ado, kayan abinci, 'ya'yan itace, amfanin gona na Berry. A cikin 1954, a wannan tashar, sakamakon ƙetare nau'ikan strawberry iri biyu, Obilnaya da Firayim, an samo tumatir na bikin. Marubucin shine dan takarar kimiyyar aikin gona Yu. K. Katinskaya. Wani sabon iri-iri ya shiga gwajin jihar a cikin 1958, kuma a cikin 1965 an haɗa shi a cikin Rajistar ofwararrun Stateasa ta ,asa, kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar yin namo a cikin yankuna tara na Rasha:

Arewa;
Arewa maso yamma;
Tsakiya;
Tsakiyar Black Duniya;
Arewacin Caucasian;
Tsakanin Volga;
Volananan Volga;
Yammacin Siberian;
Gabas Siberian.

Biki da sauran nau'ikan da yawa ana kuskuren kiran su strawberries. Amma bisa ga halaye na Botanical, al'ada ita ce babban tsiro na itace. A cikin damar ciyawar daji ne yasa aka sanya Bikin a cikin Rijistar Jiha.

Bidiyo: yadda ake shirya bukuwar mawaƙa

Halaye na iri-iri na strawberry Festivalnaya

Da dama matsakaici ripening. Ana fitar da berries na farko daga Yuni zuwa Yuli, dangane da yankin. Ana samun fruiting mai tsawo, ana tattara girbin a matakai da yawa. Dajin yana da tsayi, mai iko, amma karamin aiki ne. Daga karkashin ganye ne koyaushe a bayyane bayyane na berries. Peduncles, gashin-baki, petioles na ganye - lokacin farin ciki, mai laushi. Ganye suna duhu kore, tare da Cloves a sarari bayyana tare da gefuna. The berries ne Scarlet, m, sau da yawa wanda bai bi ka'ida ko doka ba a siffar: conical, taso keya, trapezoidal, oblate. Na farko, mafi girma girma zuwa 35 g, sannan yayi girma karami. Don haka, matsakaicin matsakaiciyar tayin shine 10 g. Achenes ba a matse su a cikin fata ba, suna a saman jiki. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa, ja, m. Ku ɗanɗani masana ƙima suna da kyau.

Bikin biki sau da yawa suna da wani abu wanda bai dace ba, fatar jikinsu tayi kyau, achenes basa matse su

Bishiyar dasa shuki

Lokacin dasa shuki ya dogara da samar da kayan shuka a yankin ku. Misali, wuraren girke-girke na Yammacin Siberiya, ana sayar da mustach na strawberry a farkon bazara kuma a watan Yuli - Agusta. Idan kuna da tsiron kanku, to, yin la’akari da fasali ɗaya na bikin - gashin-baki yana bayyana a gaban berries. Idan baku cire su ba, zaku yi asara a cikin amfanin gona. Don haka, kuna buƙatar dasa kanku strawberries bayan girbi, zai fi dacewa a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin damana ta fara.

Seedlings tare da rufaffiyar tsarin tsarin su ne sauki kai tushen

Yawancin lokaci ana bada shawara don ware wuri mai rana don dukkanin 'ya'yan itace da amfanin gona na berry, amma Festivalnaya, kamar yawancin strawberries, yana girma da kyau a cikin inuwa m, alal misali, a ƙarƙashin rawanin rabe na apple da itacen pear. Kada ku dasa strawberries bayan dankali, tumatir, rasberi. Guji unguwa tare da su. Wadannan albarkatu masu kama da cututtukan iri ɗaya da kwari kamar yadda strawberries. Shirya ƙasa kafin dasa shuki bisa ga ka'idodi da aka kafa. Yayyafa bokiti 1-2 na humus ko takin da kofuna 2 na ash a ko'ina akan 1 m². Idan babu kwayoyin halitta, sayi takin gargajiya don strawberries na jeji: Fertika, Gumi-Omi, Agros, Ogorodnik, ganye mai tsabta, da sauransu.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki

Tsarin dasa shine 50x50 cm, amma 60x60 cm kuma mai yiwuwa ne, to ba za a rufe bushes fure da ganye ba, amma za'a watsa shi daga dukkan bangarorin.

Dasa tumatir za a iya ninka shi da tafarnuwa ko albasa. Abubuwan da ke kusa da amfanin gona za su sami ban ruwa da riguna masu kyau tare da strawberries. A sakamakon haka, daga gonar guda ɗaya tare da ƙoƙari iri ɗaya da farashin za ku sami ƙarin sakamako - girbi mai kyau na albasa ko tafarnuwa. A kan gadaje na strawberry zaka iya shuka ƙananan tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi waɗanda ke tsoratar da kwari: Dill, tsaba na caraway, kantin magani, calendula, marigolds, da sauransu.

Don rabu da ciyawa, don kiyaye ƙasa ta zama m, don kauce wa cutar daɗaɗɗen launin toka, an rufe gadaje da kayan shafawa kafin dasa, yayyafa gefuna kuma ku yi ramuka na seedlings. Wani zabin shine a sanya ciyawa, wanda zai zama yanki tsakanin berries da ƙasa. Hay ko bambaro suna da kyau.

Kulawar Strawberry

Siffofin iri-iri: ƙaƙƙarfan daji, yalwa da yawa, mustash. Bikin daidai ya jure yanayin sanyi. Bayan shekaru uku na namo a wuri guda, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa. Kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da wannan yayin kulawa.

Bikin ariabi'a yana da matukar fa'ida, peduncles a ƙarƙashin nauyin berries yana kwance a ƙasa, don haka ya fi kyau a shuka wannan tsiro a cikin gadaje da aka rufe da kayan da ba saka ba.

Watse

'Ya'yan itacen furannin suna son ruwa, gami da ganye, ƙasan da ke ƙarƙashinsa ya kasance koda yaushe danshi. Tushen wannan Berry suna cikin babba na 30 cm na kasar gona, watering wajibi ne har ƙasa ta sami rigar wannan zurfin. Kafin haɓakar berries da kuma bayan girbi (a cikin Mayu, Yuli da farkon watan Agusta), yayyafa, a lokacin girma da ripening na 'ya'yan itace kuma a cikin kaka, ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe. Strawberries suna buƙatar ruwa a duk kakar:

a cikin bazara - don haɓaka sababbin ganye;
a lokacin rani - don loda berries;
bayan girbi kuma a cikin kaka - don dawo da ƙarfi da alamar shafi fure-fure na shekara mai zuwa.

Ana buƙatar shayar da ciyawar a kai a kai, ba tare da dogon hutu ba, yana hana ko da saman ƙasa daga bushewa. Sakamakon rashin danshi na kwanaki 7-10, yawan amfanin ƙasa na yanzu da shekara mai zuwa yana ragu sosai. Don wannan amfanin gona, ban ruwa daskarewa an dauke shi manufa.

Bidiyo: daskararre na ban ruwa don ciyawar daji

Manyan miya

Ba shi yiwuwa a overfeed strawberries, in ba haka ba manyan, m da m foliage zai yi girma, m ga kwari da pathogenic fungi. Irin wannan daji na iya daskarewa a cikin hunturu, baya dasa shukar fure fure. Ya isa ya ciyar da idin sau 4 a kowace kakar, kuma ba kowane kwana 10-14 ba, kamar yadda suke faɗi akan fakiti tare da takin zamani:

A farkon bazara, da zaran ƙasa thaws, zuba wani bayani da urea (50 g da lita 10) ko ammoniya (2 tbsp. Per 10 a lita).
A lokacin furanni, ciyar da takaddun takaddun tare da microelements, alal misali, OMU Fertika don strawberries da strawberries (15-30 g a 10 l) ko jiko na fermented na nettle da sauran ciyayi (1: 5 tare da ruwa).
Bayan mun girbe, maimaita sutturar da ta gabata, wato, hadaddun taki ko jiko na ganye.
A cikin kaka, watsa a ƙarƙashin bushes kuma Mix tare da ƙasa 40 g na superphosphate da 20-40 g na potassium sulfate a 1 m² ko ƙona dankalin turawa fi mai arziki a cikin microelements, musamman phosphorus, sassauta gilashin ash a guga na ruwa da zuba.

Shekara guda ko biyu bayan dasa, lokacin da tushe na bushes fara tashi sama da ƙasa, Tushen an fallasa, ƙara humus ko takin karkashin strawberries.

Pinging ganye da gashin baki

A duk tsawon lokacin, cire ganye mai launin rawaya, mai kauri, bushe, har da lafiya, amma mafi tsufa, ƙananan waɗanda ke kwance a ƙasa kuma zasu iya kamuwa da cutar ta fungi daga gare ta.

Ko da lokacin da girma a saman kayan sutura, ƙananan ganyen strawberries yana juya launin rawaya da bushe

Akwai shawarwari bayan girbi don yanke duk ɗanyen dabbobin don cututtuka da kwari daga tsohuwar ganye ba su wuce zuwa ganye matasa, wanda ya sake girma bayan fruiting. Amma irin wannan aiki yana raunana bushes, ganye matasa suna lalacewa, photosynthesis yana da illa. Yankawa da kuma ƙona dukkan ganye yana da ƙima a cikin yanayi biyu:

Akwai yawancin strawberries, ba shi yiwuwa a duba ƙarƙashin kowane daji kuma a yanka tsoffin ganye.
Kusan dukkanin ganye suna kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari.

Tare da gashin baki, irin wannan halin. Hakanan kuna buƙatar datsa su a kai a kai, kamar yadda suke bayyana. Da zaran an cire, da karin ruwan 'ya'yan itace zai je ripening na berries da kwanciya da buds na shekara mai zuwa. Amma idan makasudin shine yaduwar strawberries, sannan zaɓi mafi ƙarancin bushes kuma cire shinge na fure. Daga nan shuka za ta ba da gashin baki da yawa kuma za su bunkasa tauraruwa masu karfi a kansu.

Bidiyo: yadda ake bambance mace mace daga namiji

Cutar da kwari

Festivalnaya yana da matsakaiciyar jure cututtuka.

Tebur: cututtuka, kwari da hanyoyin sarrafawa

Cutar, kwaro	Bayanin	Hanyoyi don yin gwagwarmaya
Haske fari	Ganyen an rufe shi da farin farin aibi tare da iyakokin shuɗi ko ja.	Cutar naman gwari ta tara tsohuwar tsiro. Matakan magance su iri daya ne. Lura da juyawa na amfanin gona, kada ku shuka strawberries daji bayan magabata da basu dace ba. Tona toka gadaje iri iri duk shekara 4. Shuka tsire-tsire masu lafiya a cikin sabon wuri. A farkon bazara, yanke duk busassun ganye da launin rawaya, bisa ga sauran ƙoshin lafiya, fesa tare da mafita: HOM (30-40 g a kowace l 10 na ruwa), Skor (2 ml a kowace l l), Ridomil (10 g a 4 l) ko wata dabba mai kashe ƙwayar cuta. Maimaita spraying kwanaki 10 bayan girbi. Cire ba kawai kyawawan berries daga gonar ba, har ma da lalata, mummuna, bushe fita, overripe da waɗanda lalace suka lalace.
Haske launin ruwan kasa	Brown, aibobi marasa tsari suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki tsakanin jijiyoyin. Suna girma, haɗu, ganye suna bushewa.
Late blight	A daji ke tsiro talauci, lags a baya a ci gaba daga sauran, ganye juya rawaya, kananan berries an daura, an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa bushe aibobi. Idan kun yi zurfin irin wannan daji, to, zaku iya ganin tushen launin launin ja, a ƙarshen su ma ana fentin su da launin tubalin.
Grey rot	Ana rufe berries da launin toka mai launin toka, saiki juya. Cutar tana tasowa a cikin yanayin rigar kuma tana iya lalata fiye da rabin amfanin gona.
Strawberry mite	Kwaro mai haɗari da haushi, wanda yake da wahalar kawar da shi. Kwayoyin cuta na microscopic (0.2 mm) suna zaune a kan mafi yawan sassan sassan daji na daji da ke ɓoye a cikin daji: a cikin zukata, a kan fure-fure, buds, ganye na matasa. A lokacin dumi, ƙarni 4-5 na tasowa. Ticks tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace, shuka ba ya inganta, yana kama da zalunci. The berries ne karami, ganye ne maras kyau, launin ruwan kasa da bushe.	A cikin bazara, da zaran ƙasa ta bushe, cire duk bushe ganye, weeds, tsohuwar ciyawa da sauran tarkace na shuka. Zuba strawberries tare da ruwan zafi - 55-60 ⁰C. Daga farkon kakar girma zuwa fure da kuma bayan mun girbe tare da tazara ta makonni 2, fesa kashi 70% na maganin ɓarnar ɓarnar ɓacin rai. Kuna iya amfani da acar kashe kansa: Actelik (2 ml a 2 l na ruwa), Spark M (5 ml a cikin 5 l), amma lura da lokacin jira.
Rasberi da strawberry weevil	Karamin kwaro (2-3 mm) ana samun sauƙin gane shi ta hanci mai tsawo - proboscis. Tare da taimakon wannan bututun kai, mace tana soke kumburin kuma tana sanya kwai ɗaya a ciki. Larvae ci fitar da abinda ke ciki. Na farko buds sha wahala, daga wanda mafi girma berries iya girma. Har zuwa lokacin yaduwa, weevils suna ciyar da ganye, don haka dole ne a fara gwagwarmaya tun kafin a fara fure.	A cikin kaka, lokacin da zazzabi yayin rana ya tsaya a ƙasa + 8 ... + 10 ⁰C, cire ciyayi da ciyawa, sassauta ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes. Za ku karya wuraren hunturu, kwari da kwari ba za su iya ɓoyewa ba ko daskarewa. A cikin bazara, lokacin da iska da ƙasa ke dumama zuwa + 10 ⁰C da sama, bi da maganin kashe kwari: Vitriol (60 g a kowace 10 l), Intavir (kwamfutar hannu 1 a kowace l l), da sauransu Bayan strawberries na daji, lokaci yayi da raspberries don fure. Idan ya girma a cikin unguwa, kwaro ya sauya zuwa gare shi. Sabili da haka, gudanar da magani na rigakafi kuma kuyi yaƙe a cikin raspberries.

Hoton hoto: cututtuka da kwari na strawberries

: Alamar farin tabo: zagaye farin fili tare da iyakar burgundy

: Launin ruwan kasa, bushewar siffofin da ba na al'ada ba suna nuna kamuwa da cuta da launin ruwan kasa

: Tushen lafiya a sashin fari fararen fata ne, kuma kamuwa da cutar bayason samun kwalliyar shadda

: Ana rufe furannin da murfin launin toka na mycelium.

: A daji shafi strawberry mite yi hasarar da ƙarfi, cikin ganyayyaki juya rawaya, maras kyau da bushe fita

: Nan da nan bayan barin wintering, weevils suna ciyar da ganye

: Mutum na iya ganin rashin saurin bushewa, busassun buds ya shafa da weevil

Tsara don hunturu

An gabatar da bikin ne a Yankin Arewa Maso Yammacin Yamma, sabili da haka, ana nuna shi lokacin tsananin sanyi. Idan a cikin yankin ku riga a ƙarshen kaka - farkon hunturu mai yawa dusar ƙanƙara yana faɗuwa, to, babu buƙatar rufe strawberries. Yana da kyau a ji tsoron sa idan ya kasance Disamba, yana da sanyi a waje, amma babu dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan yanayin, tabbatar da rufe gadaje tare da rassan spruce spruce, yanke rassan raspberries, gooseberries, agrofibre folded da yawa yadudduka, da sauran kayan numfashi. A cikin bazara, da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, cire tsari, in ba haka ba strawberries suna iya yin ripen da rot. Wani lokaci yana da haɗari sosai don kar a ɓoye a bazara fiye da sanya shi a cikin bazara.

Bidiyo: tsari na strawberries daga dill da calendula

Bikin girbi

Lokacin da aka fi so shi ne lokacin da aka hawan Bikin ya zo a watan Yuli. A tattara berries barci kowane kwanaki 1-2, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin ba. Amma don kasuwa, sufuri da ajiya (babu fiye da kwanaki 2 a cikin firiji), kawai strawberries da aka karɓa da safe lokacin da raɓa ta sauko kuma har yanzu ba a yi ɗumi da rana ba.

Bikin yana da kyau a cikin tsari mai sanyi. Smallarshen ƙananan berries suna bushe kuma an ƙara shayi. Daban-daban ya dace da shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen hunturu: jam, compotes, jam. Mafi amfani da jin daɗin jiyya a cikin hunturu shine sabo ne strawberries, mashed da sukari. Bulanbin kuɗin ya cika da kwantena na filastik kuma an ajiye shi a cikin injin daskarewa. Fans of giya mai dadi suna shirya daga kayan shaye-shaye, tinctures, barasa.

Shahararren tasa - strawberries tare da kirim - ba shi da kyau sosai, amma yana da daɗin gaske

Sake Gani

Mu, a cikin ƙasar Voronezh, muna ƙaunar Idin ... A kasuwa, Ina jawo hankalin mutane game da gaskiyar cewa idan wani ya ɗauki guga daga cikin Taron, sukan cire shi da sauri. Amma a cikin gidajen lambuna akwai ƙanƙan da ƙasa.
BABENKO
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=598&start=1125

Muna da nau'ikan Festivalnaya daya da aka saya a cikin gandun daji na dogon lokaci. Sabunta gashin baki. An taɓa gaya mini a cikin gandun daji cewa bikin Festivalnaya ya fi dacewa da ƙasa mara baƙar fata - ba daskarewa kuma baya jika.
Konovalova Anastasia
//frauflora.ru/viewtopic.php?t=5807

Na kasance sau da yawa na san gaskiyar cewa a cikin "mustaches" da aka ɗauka daga tsoffin nau'in nau'in Festivalnaya, akwai ciyayi marasa fure kuma suna ba da "gashin-baki" a cikin adadi masu yawa. A koyaushe suna kama da girma da ƙiba fiye da waɗansu, ana kiran su "wawaye" a ƙauyen, ban san abin da ke bayyana kamanninsu ba, amma waɗannan ba ciyawar ba ce.
currant
//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=396899

Bambancin sun zo mana daga lokutan Soviet masu nisa. Yana da ban sha'awa ga lambu waɗanda ba sa son hybrids na Dutch na zamani tare da manya-manyan, m da m berries. Bikin gargajiya ne ingantacce wanda ke da 'ya' ya 'yantacce mai daɗi. Ikon kai toa fruitan itace a yalwace a cikin yanayin damina na kowane yanki na Rasha shine dalilin babban shaharar da wannan tsiro keɓaɓɓu kuma yana taimakawa jurewa da duk kasawarsa.