M kayan lambu na waje - kabeji na Romanesco

Wanda ya fara ganin kabeji na Romanesco ya yi mamakin kamannin sa, kuma mutane da yawa sun yarda cewa wannan tsiron ornamental ne. Koyaya, kayan lambu ne mai ɗanɗano da abinci mai mahimmanci tare da mai ban sha'awa, amma ba a fahimci cikakken tarihin ba. Hanyar aikin gona ta Romanesco ta bambanta kaɗan da dabarun aikin gona na farin kabeji na yau da kullun, don haka yanzu yawancin yan lambu sun riga sun yanke shawarar dasa wannan al'ada mai ban sha'awa a cikin makircinsu.

Bayanin Shuka

Labarin asalin Romanesco ya rikice. Hatta kasancewar wani irin halittar ɗan adam bai bayyana sarai ba, kuma masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su kushe sun bayyana wannan kabeji da wani jinsin dabam. Shuke-tsiren Shuwagabannin ana kiran su da laulayi a matsayin laƙabi na Romanesque, kodayake basa ƙin sifar da cewa itaciyar ƙwayar farin kabeji ce da kuma kayan kwalliya. Yawancin ayyuka sun kasance masu sadaukarwa ga wannan nau'ikan lissafi da lissafi, tunda siffar 'ya'yan itace da aka bayyana ta gamsar da shi ta hanyar hadadden tsarin gwagwarmaya da logarithmic.

Har ma akwai ra'ayi cewa masu zanen 3D sun shiga cikin ƙirƙirar Romanesque, kodayake masana tarihi sun ce wannan ba zai yiwu ba, tunda ambaton wannan kabeji an samo shi ne a cikin rubuce-rubucen prehistoric. Aƙalla sunan shine Romanesco saboda gaskiyar cewa Etruscans sun kawo shi Tuscany, saboda romanesco a fassarar - "Roman". A kowane hali, an san wannan kayan lambu ba fiye da karni ba da suka wuce.

Siffar wannan kabeji yayi kama da wani nau'in dala da aka tara a kai ta hanya mai cike da damuwa. Mutane da yawa suna kwatanta wannan shugaban kabeji da harsashi na teku. Gourmets lura cewa ɗanɗano na Romanesco yana da kama da ɗanɗano da yawa na nau'in farin kabeji na yau da kullun, amma ba shi da sautunan haushi da ƙamshi mai ƙanshi, ana kiran abincin da romo mai daɗi, ana ɗaukar su da matukar taushi.

Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan kabeji sun fi farin farin kabeji, suna cin shi ɗan ɗan ƙara kaɗan, amma masana harkar abinci suna matsa musu kada su yi shi.

Romanesco yana cikin dangin gicciye, tare da dukkan abubuwan fasahar aikin gona waɗanda ke biyowa daga wannan: ga duk sabon abu da yake yi, duk da haka, kabeji ne. Siffar kai ta sha bamban sosai da shugabannin nau'ikan farin kabeji: furanni, galibi haske mai launin shuɗi, ana tattara su a cikin ƙananan dala, wanda, a biyun, an haɗa shi ta hanyar spirals mai tsananin ƙarfi. Wadannan spirals suna daɗaɗɗa da juna, kuma a gefunan an kewaye su da duhu kore ganye. Masu zanen kaya suna amfani da kyawun kayan lambu, ta amfani da dasa Romanesco a cikin gadaje na fure.

Shugabannin Romanesco basu da girma sosai, yawanci basu wuce 500 g ba, kodayake ana samun samfuran kilogram biyu. Sun ce akwai alamun abinci mai kyau a cikin dandano da ƙanshi, amma ba wai wannan kawai ya bambanta shi da sauran kayan lambu na kabeji ba. Abubuwan sunadarai na 'ya'yan itacen yana da bambanci kuma sun haɗa da yawancin abubuwan abinci waɗanda aka daidaita sosai, abubuwan da aka gano da kuma bitamin da yawa. Masana ilimin abinci sunada imanin cewa fa'idodin Romanesco sune kamar haka:

• yana dauke da adadin bitamin A, wanda yake tasiri hangen nesa;
• antioxidants da aka samo a cikin kawuna suna taimakawa a cikin yaƙi da cutar kansa da rigakafin cutar kansa;
• babban baƙin ƙarfe yana inganta haɓakar jini, wanda ke ƙarɓar juriya ta gaba ɗaya ga jikin mutum zuwa hadaddun cututtuka da inganta ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa;
• nau'ikan bitamin B suna ba da gudummawa ga magance cututtukan cututtukan zuciya;
• Vitamin K wanda aka samo a Romanesco, haɗe tare da omega-3 mai mai, yana ba da shawarar wannan kayan lambu ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya.

A dafa abinci, ana amfani da Romanesco don shirya kwasa-kwasan farko na farko, dafaffen abinci, kuma ya dace azaman kwano mai zaman kanta, wanda wannan kabeji ake soyayyen ko stewed.

Bidiyo: game da fa'idodin romanesco

Shahararrun nau'ikan

Tun da har yanzu ba a fahimci yanayin ɗabi'ar Romanesco ba, yana da wuya a yi magana game da nau'in wannan kabeji. A cikin littattafan marubuta da yawa, kalmar "romanesco" tana nufin ɗayan nau'in farin kabeji ne. Rajistar ofasa ta Samun Ci gaban Federationasar Rasha ta Tarayya ba ta raba yanki daban don nau'in Romanesco ba, tana sanya su cikin sashin "nau'in farin kabeji" da nuna "nau'in Romanesco" a cikin bayanin iri-iri. Sabili da haka, yana da wuya ko da daidai ƙayyade yawan wadatattun nau'ikan da hybrids, amma har yanzu yana da ƙarami.

• Veronica F1 shine wani matsakaiciyar tsaka-tsakin-tsaka mai tsayi wacce ta samar da babban siginan adadi mai nauyin launin shuɗi-kore mai nauyin kilogram 2. Shugaban yana zagaye da matsakaici mai launin shuɗi-kore ganye da aka rufe da mai laushi mai laushi. Yawan aiki daga 1 m² har zuwa 4.2 kg, an kwatanta dandano da kyau. Amfanin matasan shine dawowar abokantaka na amfanin gona, tsayayya da fure da Fusarium.
  

  Veronica - daya daga cikin mafi yawan samar da gwaggwabar riba

• Goblet mai ƙamshi yana daɗaɗɗen farkon farkon, yana ɗaukar shugabannin fruita ofaukan kyawawan kayan dandano waɗanda suka kai 500 g. Shugabannin suna da launin shuɗi, ɓangaren an rufe su da launin shuɗi-shuɗi kaɗan kadan tare da shafawa mai laushi. Yawan aiki daga 1 m² har zuwa 2.2 kg. Nagari don amfani kai tsaye a dafa abinci da daskarewa.
  

  Kofin Emerald yana mai suna saboda haka, ga alama, saboda wani haɓakar kai

• Amphora shine farkon iri mai cikakke tare da shugabannin rawaya-kore mai nauyin 400 g, wanda aka ɗanɗana shi da ɗanɗano mai kamshin mai. Ganyayyaki masu matsakaici ne, launin toka-kore a launi, ɗan ƙaramin kumfa. Kayan masarufi ya bada kilogiram 1.5 / m². Darajar don maraice na kawuna da tsinkaye.
  

  Amphora - ɗayan nau'ikan farkon fari

• Natalino shine nau'in marigayi iri-iri. Gashin kai mai nauyi har zuwa 1000 g, koren haske, tare da ɗanɗano buttery. Daga 1 m² tattara har zuwa 2 kilogiram na shugabannin.
  

  Natalino - wakilin Marigayi ripening iri
• Lu'u-lu'u shine matsakaici-marigayi iri-iri mai ba da 'ya'ya tare da taro mai yawa zuwa 800 g na kyawawan dandano. A greenish shugabannin an partially rufe launin toka-kore ganye, da kakin zuma shafi ne mai rauni. Yawan aiki - har zuwa 2.5 kilogiram / m².
  

  Lu'u-lu'u - kabeji na kyakkyawan dandano

• Puntoverde F1 shine tsakiyar matasan. Shugabannin suna kore, masu nauyin har 1.5 kilogiram, na daɗaɗaɗɗen ɗanɗano, kusan danda: babu suturar kai tare da ganye. Ganyen suna da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-launi, mai girma, abin shafawa mai ruwan hoda yana da yawa. Daga 1 m² girbi har zuwa kilogram 3.1 na amfanin gona.
  

  A cikin Puntoverde, kusan ganye bai rufe kansa ba.

• Kasar Ivory tana da yawan amfani mai yawan gaske wanda yake da 'ya'yan itace tare da kawunan hauren giwa wanda yake kasa da kilogiram 2. Dalilin amfanin gona ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, ana yaba da iri iri domin kyakkyawan dandano da kuma bayyanar asali.
• Shannon F1 - wani nau'in farkon cikakke ne tare da shugabannin da ke da yawa don amfanin duniya. Girbi yana yiwuwa kwanaki 100 bayan fitowar.
  

  Shannon ya farfado daga wasu nau'ikan

• Pyramids na Masarawa suna tsakiyar kaka tare da manyan launuka masu launin shuɗi waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 1.2. An bambanta iri-iri na juriya game da juriya da tsananin juriya, kyawun palatability da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
  

  Pyramids na Masar - iri ne da ke da tsayayya wa cututtukan cuta da yanayin farji

Dukkanin waɗannan nau'ikan da iri suna bada shawarar don namowa a yankuna da yawa na canjin yanayi.

Dasa romanesco kabeji

Abu ne mai matukar wahala ka shuka kabeji na Romanesco fiye da farin kabeji har ma da farin kabeji. Hatta mafi yawan rashin daidaituwa daga dokokin fasahar aikin gona na iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a kan shuka, sai dai rosette na ganye, babu abin ban sha'awa da zai bayyana. Romanesco yana buƙatar mafi girman buƙatun akan yawan zafin jiki: ƙimar ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi shine 16-18 ° C, kuma yanayin dumin yanayi bai yarda da ita ba. Wannan ya shafi duka seedling mataki da mazaunin kabeji a gonar.

Shuka tsaba don shuka

A cikin yankuna na kudanci, Romanesco yana girma ta hanyar farkon shuka shuka na tsaba kai tsaye a gonar, a wasu yankuna - na musamman ta hanyar shuka. Ana iya girma 'ya'yan itace a cikin wani ɗaki, amma wannan yana da wahala, saboda, a matsayinka na mai mulkin, zazzabi ɗakin ya fi wanda wannan al'ada ke ƙauna. Ana buƙatar 'yan itacen da haske sosai. Sabili da haka, idan akwai greenhouse wanda za'a iya ziyarta kullun, suna ƙoƙarin shirya seedlings a can.

A mafi yawan lokuta, a tsakiyar layi, ana shuka iri don shuka kusa da tsakiyar Maris, a ƙarshen Afrilu 1, kuma an dasa shi a gonar a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu, yana da shekaru 35-40.

Idan aka rasa lokacin ƙarshe, to, don amfanin rani zai fi kyau siyan seedlingsanyun da aka yi da shirye-shiryen girke-girke: kawuna ya kamata ya kasance a lokacin bazara ko kuma, a takaice, farkon kaka.

Za a iya yin shuka a cikin akwati na kowa, tare da biyowa cikin kofuna, ko zaka iya kai tsaye cikin kofuna daban, ko ma mafi kyau - a cikin tukwane na peat. Shuka seedlings kamar haka.

1. Yi cakuda ƙasa. Idan kun ƙi sayi ƙasa da aka yi da shirye, sai ku haɗa peat, ƙasa turɓaya, humus da yashi daidai gwargwado.
   

   Hanya mafi sauki don siyan ƙasa a cikin shago

2. Dole ne a lalata ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta, sati guda kafin shuka rijiyar ta hanyar shayar da shi da maganin ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan.
   

   Don lalata ƙasa, bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate ya dace
3. An zubar da cakuda ƙasa a cikin kofuna waɗanda nauyin 250 ml ko makamancin haka a cikin tukwanen peat, yana sanya magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tare da farashi na 1-1.5 cm (zaka iya babban yashi kogi).
   

   Don kabeji zaɓi tukunyar dabbobin matsakaici

4. Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin da bai wuce 1 cm ba, sannan kuma an shayar da shi sosai. Kuna iya kawai sanya dusar ƙanƙara a ƙasa, wanda ke mamaye ƙasa sosai.
   

   Watsa albarkatu tare da ruwan dusar ƙanƙara yana ba da gudummawar ci gaban shuka

5. Kafin fitowar (kimanin mako guda) ana adana amfanin gona a zazzabi a ɗakin, amma nan da nan bayan bayyanar ƙananan tsiron, an rage su da sauri zuwa 8-10 duringC a cikin rana kuma ma'aunin digiri biyu a ƙasa da dare. A wannan yanayin, hasken yakamata yakamata ya kasance.
   

   Don seedlings ba su shimfiɗa, dole ne a kiyaye su a cikin sanyi

6. Bayan kwanaki 3-4, an kara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 16-18 ºC (a lokacin day). A dare, bai kamata ya wuce 10 ºC ba. Wannan yanayin ya zama dole har zuwa dasa shuki a cikin gadaje, kuma hawa da sauka a zazzabi da kuma haske ba sa da yawa.
   

   A waje, seedlings na Romanesco ya bambanta kaɗan daga tsire-tsire na kayan lambu kabeji

7. Kulawar Seedling ya ƙunshi matsakaici mai ruwa da kuma wasu dressan karamar riguna tare da cikakken taki ma'adinai. A lokacin da ruwa, yana da kyau a ƙara potassium permanganate zuwa kawai m ruwan hoda launi na ban ruwa. A tara yana yiwuwa, amma wanda ba a ke so.

Dasa shuki a cikin lambu

Kabeji na Romanesco, kamar kowane kabeji, ba ya tsoron yanayin sanyi har ma da lokacin sanyi, don haka babu matsaloli tare da shuki na bazara. Tabbas, idan a ƙarshen Afrilu har yanzu akwai dusar ƙanƙara da kuma tsananin sanyi, ana shuka seedlings a cikin gonar a ƙarƙashin matsuguni na ɗan lokaci, in ba haka ba, a cikin hanyar da ta saba. Dasa kabeji a cikin lambu ba ya wakiltar fasali.

1. Zabi yankin rana tare da ƙasa mai dacewa: mafi kyawun - sandy loam, tare da tsaka tsaki (yiwu dan kadan alkaline) amsawa. Yana da kyau cewa kafin wannan, dankali, cucumbers ko Peas yayi girma akan gado. Ba za a yarda da shi ba - kowane irin amfanin gona
2. An haye gado tare da gabatarwar manyan allurai na taki: 1 m² yin kwanduna biyu na humus da katako na itace. Yana da kyau a yi duk wannan a cikin fall.
   

   Ngwu shine mafi wahalar aiki a zahiri, amma dole ne a haɗu da ƙasa tare da takin ƙasa

3. Rijiyoyin girman tukunya da seedlingsan seedlings an haƙa su tare da diba a nesa na 50 cm daga juna. Ana amfani da takin ƙasa a kowane rijiyar - rabin gilashin ash - kuma an haɗa ash ɗin da kyau tare da ƙasa.
   

   Better shirye ramuka nan da nan kuma zuba ruwa

4. Da kyau a shayar rami da ruwa, ana dasa tukunya "a cikin laka" (peat - tare da seedlings, an cire su daga kowane daji, ƙoƙarin kada su lalata tsarin tushen). An dasa kabeji ba tare da zurfin zurfafa ba, sai dai idan an ɗora ƙwayoyin shuka. Cotyledon ganye ya kamata ya kasance sama da ƙasa na ƙasa.
   

   A lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings ba za a binne shi a cikin ganyayyaki na ƙasa ba

5. Har yanzu, ruwa da kabeji a cikin sabon wuri da ciyawa kasar gona dan kadan tare da kowane kayan sako-sako.

A bu mai kyau shuka dill, Mint ko seleri a gadaje makwabta, wanda da ƙanshinsu da kyau fitar da daban-daban kabeji karin kwari.

Kula da kabeji

Romanesco baya buƙatar komai na allahntaka wajen kula da kansa, amma dole ne a yi komai a hankali. Wannan shi ne sha, saman miya, namo, weeding kuma, idan ya cancanta, yaƙar cututtuka da kwari. Abin takaici, a kan mummunan mummunan bala'in - zafi - mai lambu ba shi yiwuwa ya iya tsayayya ko ta yaya.

Wannan kabeji yana son ruwa da yawa, amma bai yarda da hana ruwa ba. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don ruwa a matsakaici, amma sau da yawa. Da farko ana yin hakan sau biyu a mako, daga baya, ya danganta da yanayin, tsari na iya ƙaruwa ko raguwa. Soilasa kada ta bushe ta kwana ɗaya. Ruwa na iya zama kowane zafin jiki, amma zuba shi kyawawa ne a ƙarƙashin tushen. Musamman a guji yafa bayan yayyafa kai.

Bayan kowace ruwa ko ruwan sama, idan dai ganyayyaki, waɗanda basu riga an rufe tsakanin tsire-tsire makwabta ba, ba da damar namo tare da cire ciyawa. Ya fi son kabeji da gangara, saboda yana haifar da ƙarin ƙarin asalin sa. Kafin dutse, kusa da bushes, yana da daraja yayyafa shi da itacen ash.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa kafin dasa shuki akan gado takan hadu sosai, lokacin kakar girma ana ciyar da Romanesco sau uku. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da takin gargajiya don wannan: infusions na mullein ko droppings kaji. Kuma idan yana da sauƙin dafa mullein (zuba 1:10 a cikin ruwa kuma bar shi ya tsaya har tsawon kwana ɗaya), to kuna buƙatar kasancewa cikin sa ido: zaku iya ƙona komai da rai.

Kayan dabbobin daji sun mamaye ruwa tare da ruwa a kashi na 1:10 ya kamata yawo don kwanaki 2-3, amma har bayan wannan sakamakon samfurin yana lalata wani lokaci 10 tare da ruwa.

Farkon kayan miya na farko - rabin lita na maganin kowace daji - ana aiwatar da shi kwanaki 15 bayan dasa shuki. Bayan sati daya da rabi, an ninka adadin abinci mai gina jiki ninki biyu. Kuma makonni biyu bayan haka, ana kara takin ma'adinai a cikin jiko na kwayoyin: 20-30 g na nitrophoska kowace guga kuma, zai fi dacewa, 1.5-2 g na boron da shirye-shiryen molybdenum. Gaskiya ne, boric acid da ammonium molybdate suna narkewa a hankali, saboda haka dole ne a narkar da su a cikin karamin ruwan dumi, sannan a zuba cikin jiko na babban taki.

Kamar farin kabeji na yau da kullun, ana dasa Romanesco a cikin wurare masu duhu, amma tare da hawan kawunan suna ƙoƙarin rufe su daga haske mai haske. Mafi kyawun dabarar ita ce watse buɗewar ganye. Daga wannan aikin, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa, kuma ingancin kawunan yana ƙaruwa.

Kwari da cututtuka a Romanesco iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda ake cikin kabeji. Amincewa da duk ka'idodin namo, kusan babu matsaloli tare da wannan, amma idan akwai cuta ko kwari, dole ne ku fesa plantings tare da kwayoyi masu dacewa.

Bidiyo: Kulawar Farin Ciki

Girbi da adanawa

Don fahimtar cewa lokaci ya yi da za a girbe amfanin gona mai sauƙi: sigina don wannan an kafa manyan inflorescences. Ba za ku iya ɗaura nauyin girbi ba, shugabannin sake farfadowa da sauri suna murƙushewa da lalacewa: nama yana matsewa, kuma adadin abubuwan da suka fi ƙoshin amfani ya ragu. Lokacin tumatuwa ya dogara da iri da ranar shuka kuma yawanci yakan faru ne a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko farkon zuwa tsakiyar Satumba.

Yanke kawunan da wuka mai kaifi, suna kwashe mai dawwamammen bishiyoyi: su ma kayan abinci ne. Zai fi kyau da za a yi girbi da safe, har sai da rana ta yanke. Mafi kyawun kabeji shine ranar yanke.

An adana Romanesco na ɗan gajeren lokaci har ma a cikin firiji, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da shi a cikin mako ɗaya ko biyu, kuma idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ya kamata a ɗanɗaɗa shi ɗan ƙaramin abu, sannan a yanke shi guda mai dacewa da daskarewa. Bayan lalata, kabeji kusan ba ya rasa abubuwa masu amfani kuma, kamar sabo, ya dace da kowane aiki.

Kabeji na Romanesco kayan lambu ne mai kyau, amma ba a girma don kyakkyawa: samfurin ne mai amfani sosai.Ta fi mai da hankali kwatancen tare da farin kabeji na yau da kullun, amma kuma mafi ma'amala da barin aiki. A bayyane yake, saboda haka, Romanesco ba ta zama ruwan dare ba a cikin yankunanmu, kodayake masu goyon baya suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka shi, kuma ga mutane da yawa wannan yana da matukar nasara.