Black rasberi: yadda ake shuka berries mai zaki da launi na dare? Bayani da fasali na nau'in 'ya'yan itace baƙi

Black raspberries sau da yawa sun rikice tare da blackberries, la'akari da su daya al'adu ɗaya. Koyaya, waɗannan sune tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya daban-daban tare da manyan bambance-bambance kuma, a saboda haka, dabarun aikin gona daban-daban. Yawancin bishiyoyi na baƙar fata har yanzu suna da wuya a cikin wuraren lambun na Rasha, amma sabon abu mai ɗanɗano da ruwan hoda mai launin duhu yana samun arean kallo da yawa a tsakanin masu sha'awar aikin lambu.

Tarihin girma blackberries

Varietiesan itacen rasberi na gargajiya suna da berries mai ja, amma akwai tsire-tsire tare da orange, violet, rawaya har ma da 'ya'yan itace baƙar fata. Ba kamar blackberries ba, tare da abin da rasprop na aronia ke rikitar da rikice-rikice, furannin sa suna cikin sauƙin rabu da ciyawar, wanda shine babban bambanci tsakanin al'adu.

Rassan Aronia masu ruwan hoda sunyi launin ja yayin da basa gajarta kuma 'ya'yan itaciyar sun yi fari

Bishiyar Rashan baƙi girma ba kawai a cikin gidajen Aljannar ba, har ma ana iya samun su a yanayi. Plantungiyar ta girma a cikin gandun daji na gabashin Arewacin Amurka, musamman, an rarraba shi sosai a cikin tsakiyar da kuma arewacin lardin Illinois, Amurka. Habitats - jerin hanyoyin daji masu rarrafe, kan iyakoki tare da tsaunukan daji, Hakanan akwai manyan dunbin bishiyar baƙar fata a cikin wuraren buɗe.

Bayanin bayyanar da shuka

Black rasberi Black perennial ne wanda ke tsiro harbe a tsaye a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Bayan haka, tafiyar matakai a kaikaice suna fitowa a kansu, kuma mai tushe suna kan tsari na fadowa. Furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa suna bayyana ne kawai akan harbe na shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Da farko, mai tushe suna da koren launi mai launin shuɗi, lokacin bazara ana lasafta su kuma samo launin ruwan ɗanɗano. Kowane ɗan sanda yana rufe da gajeren zanen yatsa.

A cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, gajeriyar hanyoyin a kai suna bayyana akan mai tushe, wanda ya ƙare da hannayen 'ya'yan. Ganyen ya kunshi lobes 5, wadanda ba su da tsari kuma suna da ƙananan hakora a gefunan. Upperasan da ke saman kowane ganye yana da ingantaccen inzali, kuma an rufe ƙasa da ɗan farin gashi.

An tattara furanni rasberi na rasberi cikin goge.

Furanni suna dafe sosai cikin haɗuwa a goge. Kowane fure yana da fararen ciyayi 5, manyan sepals 5 da kuma stamens masu yawa. Ganyen kuwa suna da tsinke, ko kuma ana kan su, kuma sepals din su uku ne. Suna da kusan tsawon su. Lokacin fure yana faruwa ne a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon lokacin bazara kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni 2-3.

'Ya'yan itãcen fari fararen fari ne, sannan sai su jujjuya ja, a ƙarshe, idan aka farfado, sai a sami launin baƙar fata-mai launi. Bonesasusuwan da suka gauraya 'ya'yan itace suna da daɗin ɗanɗano tart a ɗanɗano, ana iya ware su daga tushe.

Tebur: halayen 'ya'yan itacen

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na biochemical na blackberries sun sha bamban da ja. Babban adadin bitamin P da kwayoyi masu aiki da P suna taimakawa kare sel daga tsufa, inganta tsarin garkuwar jiki, da inganta cutar hauka. Amma mafi mahimmancin dukiya na blackberries, masana kimiyya sunyi imanin ikonta na haɓaka tasiri na yaƙi da cutar kansa.

Tebur: bambance-bambance tsakanin blackberries da baƙar fata

Hoto na hoto: bambance-bambance tsakanin blackberries da blackberries

Bambancin baƙar fata na raspberries daga nau'ikan gargajiya tare da berries mai ja

1. Berriesarshen itacen rasberi baƙar fata suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano fiye da ja; wasu nau'ikan suna da zuma ko ƙamshin blackberry.
2. Bishiyar Rashan ta ba da gudummawa mafi girma, ana iya tattara kimanin kilogram 4 na 'ya'yan itatuwa daga daji ɗaya.
3. Dankin yana da babban juriya ga fari.
4. Cikakkiyar baƙar fata ba ta yi crumble na dogon lokaci.
5. A shuka ba ya samar da tushen harbe.
6. Rasberi na Aronia yana da kyakkyawar juriya ga cututtukan gama gari na al'ada kuma kusan ba sa lalacewa ta hanyar kwari.
7. Resistanceanƙancin sanyi yana ƙanƙanta fiye da iri tare da berries ja.

Bishiyar rasberi baƙar fata sunyi kama sosai

Daban-daban na Black Raspberries

Masu shayarwa suna aiki koyaushe don haɓaka sabbin irin nau'in blackberries, wanda ake ɗauka amfanin gona mai ban sha'awa. Godiya ga ƙoƙarin su, sabbin samfura sukan bayyana a kasuwa.

• Kasar Cumberland. Daya daga cikin mafi tsofaffin nau'in black raspberries. An samo shi a ƙarshen karni na XIX kuma har yanzu shine jagoran gaba. Cumberland black raspberries suna da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan siffar daji tare da kyawawan mai lankwasa mai tushe. A iri-iri ba ya samar da tushen zuriya, don haka bushes ba su yi girma. Yawan aiki idan aka kwatanta da irin kayan girkin zamani da nau'ikan ba su da girma sosai, inji yana bayar da kawai 200 zuwa 500 g na berries daga daji;
• Airlie Cumberland. Berries na wannan nau'in ya fi girma fiye da nau'in Cumberland, wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin iyayen wannan nau'in raspberries na baƙar fata. Matsayinsu yana kan matsakaici 2-2.2 g 'Ya'yan itãcen Airlie Cumberland iri-iri suna zagaye da sifa, ana fentin su cikin baƙi da shunayya, suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano da adon madaidaiciya;
• Hankali. Wani nau'in zaɓi na farko na cikin gida. Harbe sun yi tsawo, sun kai mita 2.5 kuma tanƙwara, suna samar da baka. Spikes ƙananan. A berries ne kadan, amma m, tare da m m-zaki da dandano da blackberry ƙanshi. Yawan aikin Ugolka yana da girma, iri iri suna tsayayya wa fari da danshi mai sanyi;
• Boysenberry. Otsan buɗe ido suna girma har zuwa 3 m a tsawon. Ba kamar sauran nau'in raspberries baƙar fata ba, Boysenberry ba shi da tsalle-tsalle. The berries suna da oblong siffar, suna da girma kwarai, farfajiya ne m. Dankin yana da wadatarwa kuma yana yin haƙuri da sanyi sosai;
• Bristol An yi la'akari da bambancin iri daya daga cikin mafi kyau. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi kuma suna da laushi sosai. Siffar berries yana da zagaye, an rufe farfajiya mai ruɓi;
• Sabuwar Logan. High-samar da gwaggwabar riba da farkon cikakke iri-iri tare da m da sosai m berries. Daji ya kai tsayin 2 m Yana jure sanyi da sanyi, don haka inji yana buƙatar ƙarin tsari don hunturu;
• Litach. Earlyarin farkon baƙar fata na raspberries wanda ke shayar da Polan Poland. A daji ne vigorous, m, kuma mai lankwasa harbe aka strewn da yawa manyan spikes. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na siffa mai rufi suna rufe da murfin launin toka ko mai ruɗi;
• Sa'a. Yawancin nau'ikan wannan nau'in black raspberries yana da girma, har zuwa kilogiram 6 na zaɓaɓɓen matsakaitan furanni waɗanda za'a iya cirewa daga ƙauye ɗaya, nauyinsu mai nauyin 1.7-1.8 g;
• Kyautar Siberiya. Bushes na black raspberries na wannan nau'ikan suna da tsayi da ƙarfi. Havean itacen berries suna da ɗanɗano kayan zaki, amma ba su da girma sosai, yawan 'ya'yan itacen yana kan matsakaici 1.6 g. Amfanin kyautar Siberiya ita ce juriya da kwari da cututtuka gama gari;
• Juyawa 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga m ɓangaren litattafan almara, sabili da haka, da kyau jure wa harkokin sufuri tsawon nisa. Yawan aiki kimanin kilogram 5.4 a kowane daji. Lokacin 'ya'yan itace yana gajere;
• Kayan Budurwa. Rasberi mai tushe na wannan nau'in, ba kamar sauran nau'in ba, daidai ne. Black Jewel ne mai hunturu Hardy kuma mai yawan gaske iri. A berries ana fentin baƙi, suna da launi mai laushi. Siffar ta zagaye, taro ya kai 2.5 g. Dandano yana da daɗin ƙamshi na blackberry.

Hoton Hoto: Rasan bambancin Rasberi

Bidiyo: Black Rasberi Cumberland

Siffofin dasa shuki black rasberi

Masana sun ba da shawarar fara dasa shuki shuki na seedlingsan itacen dabino a farkon bazara. Idan kun aiwatar da hanya a cikin bazara, tsire-tsire masu tsufa bazai sha wahala frosts ya mutu. Don sanya rasberi, mahimman mahimman bayanai don la'akari:

1. Yana da Dole a zabi wani wuri mai rana, saboda shuka bai yi haƙuri ko da yawan shasha ba.
2. Ya kamata a ajiye daskararren ɓauren blackberries daga jan gargajiya, kamar yadda tsire-tsire zasu iya zama ƙura kuma a maimakon baƙar fata baƙar fata zaka sami 'ya'yan itace masu launin shuɗi da talakawa
3. Roundasa ta ƙasa bai kamata ta kwanta kusa da ƙasa ba, dasa bishiyoyin baƙar fata a kan tudu, a cikin ƙasa mai sako da ƙima.

Dasa black raspberries: mataki-mataki umarnin

1. Shirya rami saukowa. Girmanta ya kamata yakai kimanin mitoci 0.5 a ciki da zurfi.
   

   Girman ramin saitin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 50 cm a zurfi da faɗi

2. Shirya kayan abinci mai gina jiki daga saman duniya, humus, yashi da katako mai itace a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1: 0.5.
3. Yayyafa wani yanki na kasar gona da takin zamani a kasan ramin dasa shuki da yayi.
   

   Ana zuba magudin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin rami mai dasa daga saman duniya, humus, yashi da itacen ash

4. A hankali a gyara tushen yajin, a saka shi cikin rami a rufe shi da ƙasa.
5. Danshi dasa.
6. Seedlings za a iya shirya a jere. Ana dasa bishiyoyin baƙar fata a cikin rami tare da zurfin 0.5 m. Ana ƙarancin m 0.5 a tsakanin tsirrai, da tsakanin layuka 1-1.5 m.
   

   Isarancin 0.5 m ya ragu tsakanin tsirrai, kuma 1-1.5 m tsakanin layuka

Siffar rasberi baƙar fata ita ce ba ta yaduwa ta zuriyar tushe, wato, al'adar ba za ta yi jayayya ba .. Godiya ga wannan, ana iya dasa shuki iri-iri a cikin tsakiyar wannan shirin, a haɗa tsire-tsire tare da sauran ciyawar bishiyoyi da 'ya'yan itace, har ma a shirya bushes a cikin lambun fure.

Kulawa

Black raspberries ana ɗauka amfanin gona mara nauyi. Kulawa ya gangara zuwa pruning, da yawa ana ruwa da kuma kayan miya a kowace kakar. Kuma lush da kyau-groomed bushes tare da graceful mai lankwasa harbe za su zama ado na shafin, jawo hankalin.

Manyan miya

Don kakar, al'ada tana buƙatar sutturar rigakafi uku. Ana fara tsarin lokacin da shuka yayi fure. Don yin wannan, yi jiko na kaji na fure (kashi 1 zuwa kashi 16 na ruwa) ko taki (1: 6). Zuwa 10 l na shirye abinci mai gina jiki ya kara 1 l na itace ash da 50 g na superphosphate. A karkashin wani daji baƙar fata na raspberries yin guga ɗaya na takin, zuba shi a kewayen kewaye na plantings. Bayan haduwa, kasar gona tana da yalwa. Na biyu saman miya da wannan bayani ne da za'ayi a lokacin 'ya'yan itace zamani, kuma na uku - bayan tarin farkon berries.

Creirƙirar tallafi da fasalin fasadi

Harbe harbe na rasberi baƙi suna da tsawo sosai, a farkon shekara bayan dasawa, suna girma a tsaye, kuma a cikin na biyu suna ɗaukar hanyar baka. A lokaci guda, fi, taɓa ƙasa, na iya ɗaukar tushe, sakamakon abin da za'a dasa tsiran bishiyar. Saboda wannan fasalin na al'ada, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da goyon bayan shuka a gaba. Don yin wannan, waya trellis. A farkon kuma ƙarshen jere, ana haƙa rataye katako cikin kusan 2 m, wanda akan ɗaure waya mai ƙarfi a cikin layuka uku, yana sanya shi a tsayi na 0.5 m, 1.8 m da 2.1 m.

Wani zaɓi don tallafawa harbe mai ƙarfi na iya zama tarko. An saita tsakanin bushes biyu, kuma mai tushe suna haɗe da baka. Wannan ƙirar ba kawai aiki ba ne, har ma da kayan ado sosai.

Tushen baƙar fata na raspberries zai yi tsayi da tsayi, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da goyon baya a gaba

Ana fitar da daskararren blackberries sau biyu a shekara: hanya ta farko tana cikin ƙarshen Yuni, na biyu kuma a ƙarshen kaka. Lokacin yin girkin bazara, an yanke ɓangaren apical na mai tushe a tsayi 1.7 m.Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba mai haɓaka daga rassan gefen, adadin da zai iya isa guda 8, wanda zai ƙara yawan amfanin daji. A cikin kaka, ya wajaba don yanke harbe shekaru 2 da suka riga sun yi shela. Kuma mai shekaru 1 mai gauraye yana gajarta zuwa darajar 30-50 cm sama da ƙasa.

Shirye-shiryen hunturu

Black rasberi ba ya haƙuri da sanyi harma da danginsa da aka yi da ja, saboda haka ya zama dole a hankali shirya shi domin yin hunturu. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar:

1. A hankali tanƙwara harbe har ƙasa.
2. Kare su da ƙarfe na ƙarfe.
3. Don dasawa, zaku iya sa rassan spruce, wanda shine mafi kyawun rufin yanayi.

Idan hunturu ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, to, kuran dusar ƙanƙara a kan bushes kuma ku zubar da sawdust a kanta, wanda zai taimaka hana narkewa.

Black Rasberi harbe dole ne a lanƙasa zuwa ƙasa kuma a haɗe tare da ƙarfe na ƙarfe

Farfagandar bishiyar baƙar fata

Propagated baƙar fata raspberries ba son ja. Abinda yake shine shine nau'in baƙar fata-iteda doan da ba sa kafa zuriya. Amma zaku iya haifar da al'adar a shafin ta amfani da layering, apical cuttings da tsaba.

Yaduwa ta hanyar kwance kwance

Hanyar don yaduwar baƙar fata a kwance ya ke kwance a kwance ya kamata a fara bazara.

1. An yi gemu mai zurfin nesa daga 0.5 m daga daji.
2. Endarkatar da harbe kuma sanya su a cikin shirye recesses.
3. Wurin tuntuɓar tushe tare da ƙasa an haɗa shi da sashin karfe kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa.
4. A lokacin bazara, Tushen ya fara a wannan wuri, kuma sabon tsiro ya fara farawa.
5. Lokaci na gaba, ware shi daga cikin igiyar ciki sai ya canza daji zuwa sabon wuri.

Wannan hanyar tana da fa'ida sosai. Daga tsirrai ɗaya, zaka iya samun kyawawan kwari 5-6.

Farfado da rasberi ta shimfidar kwance a kan hanya ita ce mafi sauki.

Yankan

Wata hanyar haifuwa ita ce da koren kore. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a cikin bazara, yayin da yake kyawawa don girbin kayan dasa a ranar girgije. A tsakiyar kakar, bushes baƙar fata rasberi bushes daga tushen bayyana kananan tafiyar matakai tare da ganye da yawa. Dole ne a yanke irin wannan harbe tare da wuƙa 2-3 cm ƙasa da matakin ƙasa.

Bayan haka, an saka su a cikin akwati tare da mafita na Kornevin na tsawon awanni 6-8. Sa'an nan kuma dasa a cikin makarantar a nesa na kusan 10 cm daga juna, moisten kasar gona kuma rufe dasa tare da fim.

Don yada bishiyar baƙar fata, ɗauki fure harbe 7-10 cm tsayi kuma yanke su tare da ɓangaren tushen

Bayan kusan wata daya, kore kore fara tushe, alamar wannan zai zama bayyanar sabon ganye. A wannan lokacin, zaku iya rage yawan shayarwa kuma yawanci ke shayar da greenhouse. A cikin bazara na kakar mai zuwa, an dasa tushen da aka dasa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa, yayin da ya kamata a haƙa su tare da dunƙule na ƙasa.

Tsaba

Yankin baƙar fata na bishiyoyi ta zuriya ana ɗauka ɗayan ɗayan wahala da hanyoyin tsayi, amma idan babu wata hanyar samun seedlingsan seedlings, to zaku iya shuka daji daga Berry. Don yin wannan:

1. Mun zaɓi kyawawan furanni da cikakke.
2. Niƙa su kuma matsi ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
3. Fr ɓangaren litattafan almara da aka samu tare da ruwa da haɗuwa.
4. Yankin da ya dace ya kamata ya nutse a ƙasa, kuma yakamata tsaba masu iyo.
5. Muna zubo ruwa da sharar gida.
6. Muna tattarawa da bushe tsaba a cikin iska.
7. An shuka tsaba a cikin greenhouse a cikin sako-sako da substrate zuwa zurfin 2 zuwa 5 mm.
8. Muna shayar da dasa ruwa lokaci-lokaci, yana hana kasar gona bushewa.
9. Bayan bayyanar ganye na gaske na 2-3, za mu nutsar da seedlings.
10. Shekaru 2 bayan dasawa, ana shuka tsire-tsire matasa a wuri mai ɗorewa a cikin ƙasa.
    

    Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin dindindin a cikin ƙasa shekaru 2 bayan an shuka iri

Reviews lambu girma black raspberries

Kyakkyawan ɗan itace, 'ya'yan itace marasa tushe masu launin ja, da cikakke baƙaƙe tare da shudi mai ruwan shuɗi. Don dandana, yayi kama da blackberry, kawai yafi dadi. Ba kamar jayayyar ja ba, “ba ta jan ciki”, amma tana girma cikin daji. Hanyar haifuwa mai ban sha'awa, idan kunci kambi na kai, zai ba da tushe kuma sabon daji zai fara samar da bazara mai zuwa - saboda wannan sun ba shi lakabin "tafiya raspberries."

Svetlana Yurievna

//irecommend.ru/content/shagayushchaya-malina

Na girma irin wannan rasberi, amma ba shi da ɗanɗano, 'yan itacen ƙanƙane ƙanƙane ne kuma ƙwalƙwalwa, yana ɗaukar sarari da yawa, yana buƙatar kullun garter (idan ba ku ɗaure shi ba, yana ƙoƙarin dasa kansa a cikin mafi yawan wuraren da ba tsammani ba), yana da matukar girma, yana girma sama da mita 3 tsayi kuma amfanin gona ƙanƙane. Don raspberries, mafi kyawun ɓangaren gonar an ajiye shi. Na dube ta har tsawon shekara daya, biyu, uku, sannan na haye duka. Saboda haka Cumberland shine mai son. A cikin jam, abu ne mai muni sosai: babu ƙanshin ƙanshi, ƙasusuwa masu girma, babu ɗanɗano, saboda haka suna ƙara raspberries na ja, ba tare da ja ba, kuma jam ba zai yi aiki ba.

Likita

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4207

Ina sa ido ga sabuwar noman Cumberland kowace shekara. Ya fi girma a yawan amfanin ƙasa fiye da talakawa raspberries. Yana da mahimmanci shuka shi daidai, ƙulla shi zuwa trellis, to, ya dace don ɗaukar Berry, kuma babu asalin tushen.

Svetlana (Kharkov)

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4207

Ina da rasberi baƙar fata suna girma, amma shekara ta biyu kawai, saboda haka muna jiran girbin, Sir. Na yi sanyi kullum a wannan lokacin hunturu. A bara, ban bi ta ba, kuma ɗaya lash ya zauna a ƙasa kuma a cikin fall ya juya cewa saman harbi ya samo tushe. Don haka, a fili, kuma dole ne a yada shi.

Olesya

//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t3411.html

'Yar uwata ta tambaye ni dan ƙwaya. Tana da rasberi baƙar fata suna girma kullum. Na dasa shi da kaina - shekarar farko ta kasance baƙi, kamar yadda aka zata, tare da manyan berries. Kuma a cikin shekara ta biyu, ta zama rasberi talakawa ... ja. Zuwa mafi kusa raspberries - 200 mita ... Pollinated? Amma me yasa duk berries?

Jinkirtawa

//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t3411.html

Black rasberi shine ingantaccen bishiyar fure wanda ɗanɗanarwa ba ta da ƙanƙanta da danginta da 'ya'yan itaciyar ja. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa asroniya ce ke taimakawa yaƙi da kansa. Bugu da kari, al'adar tana da wasu fa'idodi masu yawa, tana da kyau kwarai da gaske, tana da matukar kyan gani. 'Ya'yanta ba sa ratsa ko'ina cikin shafin, saboda haka zaku iya dasa shuka har ma a gonar fure.