Yadda ake tsirar da dankali kafin dasa shuki: hanyoyin asali da ka'idodi

Duk wani lambu wanda akan girka shi akwai gadaje tare da dankali ya san irin ƙoƙarin da za'a saka don ciyar da wannan kayan lambu, kuma a lokaci guda ba koyaushe zai yiwu a cimma sakamakon da ake so ba. Abin farin ciki, akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda zasu iya ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa dankali, da kuma narkar da tubers kafin dasa shuki ɗayansu.

Me ya sa sprout dankali

Germination dankali ne mai amfani hanya domin yana ba ka damar pre-tada idanun a kan tubers. Wannan yana samar da ingantacciyar rayuwa, friendlyanyen aminanmu da haɓaka yawan aiki da kashi 30-40. Sakamakon yaduwa, fure mai duhu mai duhu na 3-5 cm yakamata ya bayyana a kan ƙwayayen.

A tsawon dankali da aka ajiye ta ƙarshen ƙarshen hunturu, harbe-fararen ruwan hoda sukan bayyana. Waɗannan sune abubuwan da ake kira fure (etiolated) tsiro. Amfani da su, zaku iya tantance ko cutar ta ɓoye ƙarshen fatar (a cikin fararen baƙar fata), kuma a gaba don watsar da kayan da aka lalata. Side harbe bayyana a kansu, a kan abin da ana kafa tubers.

Lokacin Germination da iri iri

Kuna buƙatar fara germinating tubers a gaba. Lokacin yana dogara da yankin da kuka shirya shuka dankali.

Tebur: Kwanan dankalin Turawa

Bayan mun ƙaddara lokacin, kuna buƙatar shirya zuriyar don shuka. Don yin wannan:

1. Da kanka raba da kuma cire ƙanana da rashin lafiya (na ruɓa, sanyaya, yana da ramuka, da dai sauransu) tubers.
   

   Sai kawai lafiya, ƙarami, m tubers sun dace kamar kayan shuka.
2. Kurkura ragowar tubers da kyau a cikin ruwa mai gudana don wanke ƙasan duka, kuma cire harbe na bakin ciki (filiform) na harbe daga gare su.
3. Sa'an nan kuma sanya dankali a cikin maganin warwarewa. Don shirya shi, tsarma potassium permanganate (1 g) ko boric acid (10 g) a cikin guga (10 l) na ruwa. Jiƙa tubers a ciki na minti 30.
   

   Idan akwai zuriyar da yawa kuma mai shukar yana adana shi daidai (wanda kusan ke tabbatar da kyakkyawan rigakafi), ba za ku iya jiƙa dankalin a cikin maganin dindindin na potassium ba, amma kawai fesa da tubers

4. A sake matse lemuran a cikin ruwa mai tsabta, sannan a bushe su da dumin dumi (+ 22-25 ^{game da}C), a cikin bushe da duhu tsawon kwanaki 3, shimfidawa a cikin 1-2 yadudduka.

Idan an adana shi ba tare da kyau ba (a cikin ɗaki mai dumin zafi da laima), tubersa tubersan na iya yin huda kansu kafin lokacinsu, wanda galibi ana gano sa'a. A wannan yanayin, runtse zafin jiki zuwa + 1-2 ^{game da}Tare da kuma tabbatar da tubers gaba daya duhu. Ba a so a cire ko gajarta hanyoyin idan tsayin su yakai ƙasa da 20 cm.

Ya kamata a adana dankali mafi girma a cikin sanyi, wuri mai duhu har sai an dasa shuki.

Babban hanyoyin da germination dankali

Dankali ake tsiro ta hanyoyi da yawa.

A cikin fakiti

Ana iya aiwatar da wannan hanyar kamar haka:

1. Yi adadin da ake buƙata na jaka na filastik mai ma'ana kuma yi ramuka 10-12 a cikin kowane ɗayan su don a iya fitar da kuzarin. Matsakaicin irin waɗannan ramuka 1 cm, kuma nisa tsakanin su shine 8-10 cm.
2. Sanya maki 8-10 a cikin kowane jaka kuma ɗaure shi.
3. Rataya a falo zuwa taga, kuma idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to sai a sanya kayan a bushe windowsill a jere. Tun da yawanci yana da sanyi kusa da taga, zai fi kyau sanya mayafi, katin kwalliya ko kuma wani filastik mai ɓoye a ƙarƙashin jakunkuna don zafi. Hakanan yi ƙoƙarin sanya abubuwan fakiti a cikin rarraba hasken, ba cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
   

   Kuna buƙatar yin ramuka a cikin jakunkuna don ƙwannunan ba su sha ba
4. Juya kayan aiki akai-akai (kowace rana 3-5) saboda dukkanin bangarorin da aka tona su zuwa haske zuwa daidai lokacin lokaci.

Dankali ta tsiro ta wannan hanyar na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 25-30. 'Yan lambu da ke amfani da wannan hanyar suna yaba masa saboda dacewar jigilar tubers zuwa gonar, amma an shawarce su da sa ido sosai kan amincin' ya'yan tsiran.

A cikin rigar substrate

Wannan hanyar ta dace idan kuna son ba kawai sprouts, amma kuma Tushen ta samar a kan tubers - alal misali, lokacin da germinating tsaba ko jinkirta dasa na tubers a cikin ƙasa. Adana sama a kan kwalaye da isasshen adadin substrate (ya kamata ya riƙe ruwa da kyau kuma ya bar iska ta). Ruwan fure mai narkewa, peat, humus, perlite, vermiculite sun dace sosai.

Don samun kyakkyawan sakamako, kuna buƙatar zaɓar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya don germination na tubers

An yi Germination kamar haka:

1. Ana sanya Layer (3-5 cm) na rigar sitiri a ƙasan akwatin.
2. Tubers suna kwance kwance a kai.
   

   A cikin akwatin tsiro bai kamata ya fi 4 yadudduka dankali ba
3. Sun faɗi barci tare da wannan rukunin rigar.
4. Maimaita hanya har sai 4 yadudduka na tubers suna cikin akwatin.

Kwancen ƙarin ba da shawarar ba, kamar yadda tubers a cikin ƙananan yadudduka na iya shaƙa. Riƙe kwalaye a cikin ɗakin mai haske a zazzabi ba ƙasa da + 12-15 ^{game da}C. Kar a bada izinin substrate ya bushe kuma danshi a kan kari.

Bayan bayyanar farkon tushen, zuba shirye-shiryen tare da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki: potassium chloride (10 g) + ammonium nitrate (10 g) + superphosphate (50 g) + ruwa (10 l). Za a iya "shara" na gaba "tare da ash a cikin nauyin gilashin 1 na foda / 10 l na ruwa. Lura cewa a farkon ruwa guga (10 l) na cakuda abinci mai gina jiki an tsara shi don kilogiram 50, kuma na biyu - 80 kg.

A cikin danshi mai laushi, dankali ya samar da tushen sa da tsiro

Wannan hanyar tsirar dankali ita ce mafi sauri, tunda tsiro da tushen sa a cikin kwanaki 10-12 kawai.

A waje

Kuna iya fara wannan hanya tuni a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ke narkewa, kuma zazzage iska a +10 ^{game da}C. Hanyar kamar haka:

1. Zaɓi wuri. Ya kamata ya bushe, har ma, mai 'yanci daga tarkace da kyau.
2. Idan za ta yiwu, yayyafa yayyafi (5-7 cm) na busasshiyar taki a ƙasa. Dandana lambu yi imani da cewa wannan na taimaka wa sauri germination na tubers.
3. Zuba Layer (7-10 cm) na kayan kwanciya bushe (bambaro, sawdust, peat zai yi).
   

   Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 15-20 don dasa dankali a cikin ciyawa a cikin sabon iska

4. Sanya dankali a saman layuka biyu ko biyu.
5. Rufe kayan aikin tare da tsare don kare tubers daga sanyi kuma samar musu isasshen matakin zafi.

Zai ɗauki kwanaki 15-20 kafin a dasa dankalin ta wannan hanyar. A wannan lokacin, gwada yin tururin fitar da zuriya aƙalla sau ɗaya a cikin kowane kwanaki 2 na tsawon awanni 2-3, amma na musamman a bushe da dumi (ba ƙasa da +10 ^{game da}C) yanayin.

A cikin haske

Wannan shine ɗayan mafi sauki kuma mafi araha hanyoyin yin girma tubers:

1. Sanya dankali a cikin kwalaye a cikin yadudduka daya ko biyu.
2. Sanya blanket a cikin ɗakin mai haske da zazzabi na + 18-20 ^{game da}C. Idan hasken rana kai tsaye ya faɗi akan dankali, yi ƙoƙarin sa hasken ya zama yaduwa ko inuwa iri tare da jaridu (amma kar a manta cire su lokacin da haskoki suke a wani wuri).
3. Bayan kwanaki 10-12, zazzagewar cikin dakin ya zama zuwa + 10-14 ^{game da}C don kaucewa fitar tsiro. Yana da kyawawa don kula da wannan zafin jiki har sai tubers ya koma gado.

A cikin dakin da dankali ke tsiro, yakamata a kasance mai laushi mara nauyi

Zai ɗauki kwanaki 25-28 zuwa tsirar da tubersan ta ta wannan hanyar.

Bidiyo: Yadda ake Sakin Dankali

Hada Germination

Wannan hanyar ta dace da ku idan kuna son samun amfanin gona da wuri. Hada ƙwayar cuta yana gudana kamar haka:

1. Sanya tubers a cikin akwatuna a cikin yadudduka 1-2 kuma saka a cikin wuta mai sanyi (+14 ^{game da}C) wuri don kwanaki 15-20.
2. Sanya sanya tubers a cikin kwalaye tare da m substrate (peat, sawdust, humus, da dai sauransu) a cikin 1-2 yadudduka kuma adana workpiece a mafi girma (+22 ^{game da}C) zazzabi na mako daya zuwa daya da rabi. Ba'a yarda ya bushe substrate ba.
3. Lokacin da tubers fara kafa tushen, ruwa da substrate tare da sinadaran gina jiki bayani. Abun ciki: ammonium nitrate (30 g) + potassium gishiri (30 g) + superphosphate (60 g) + ruwa (10 l). Bayan kwanaki 3, ana maimaita miya da yawa.

Dankali ake sarrafa ta wannan hanyar ba kawai tsiro da asalinsu ba, har ma ganye.

Hadewa da ciyawa wanda ya dace da farkon girbinsa

Bushewa

Wannan hanyar ta dace idan kwanakin dasa sun zo, kuma ba ku gudanar da cikakkiyar shuka ba. A kan bene mai zafi (zazzabi ya kamata + 22-25 ^{game da}C) kuma a cikin ɗaki mai haske, yada wani bushe fim, zane ko takarda (jaridu) kuma shimfiɗa tubers a kansu a cikin Layer ɗaya. Dankali ya kamata a dumama har tsawon sati biyu. Tabbas, bazai iya yin shuka ba, amma a lokacin za a fitar da iri yadda yakamata, idanun su kuma su fara farkawa, kuma lokacin da tubersannun suka kasance a cikin ƙasa, matasa suna harbe da sauri.

Bushewa dankali kafin dasa shuki zai taimaka wa tubers girma da sauri

Kamar yadda kake gani, yana da sauki mutum ya fito da dankali, babban abinda shine a zabi lokacin da ya dace kuma a samar da 'yan' urorin da suke bukata. Bi duk umarnin kuma tabbas zaku sami sakamakon da ake so.