Kamar yadda takaice kamar yadda Jafananci Quince bushes ake kira, girma a cikin mãkirci na lambu da kuma faranta wa ido tare da densely dasa ja, lemo ko fararen furanni. Sunan da ya dace "henomeles" ya murƙushe kunne tare da sauti mai zurfi na kimiyya, melodiously m "cydonia", ko Quince, baya nuna ma'ana, kuma ma'anar "arewacin lemun tsami" yana nuna halayen kawai ga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, rasa kallon ƙanshin fure na fure. A lokaci guda, ɗan lambu mai saukin gaske, da zarar ya taɓa ganin wannan shuka, bai fara gwada shi ba da tunaninsa a shafin sa.
Mene ne Quince Jafananci
Treesananan bishiyoyi masu lalacewa ko shukokin shisha na Henomeles na gidan Pink. Ana samun wakilan daji a China da Japan. A Turai da Arewacin Amurka, waɗannan tsire-tsire sun saba da waɗannan tsirrai sama da shekaru ɗari biyu saboda kyakkyawan kyakkyawan fure da kuma ikon halittu don samar da iyakokin halitta mai yawa. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, raƙuman Jafananci a ƙarƙashin sunan cydonia sun bazu a cikin jihohin Baltic, musamman a Latvia.
Ta hanyar kuskure, maimakon tsaba na Quince talakawa (lat. Cydonia), an aiko da henomeles tsaba. An dauki tsawon lokaci ana noma shi a zaman Cydonia, kodayake an fahimci rashin fahimta da sauri. Bincike kaddarorin 'ya'yan itãcen da ƙaddara cewa abun ciki na bitamin C, carotene, bitamin B da acid Organic ya wuce lemun tsami. Daga nan ne ake zuwa da sauran sunan gama-gari na kwayoyin halitta - lemun tsami na arewacin.
Tushen yawancin nau'ikan suna da ƙaya, wanda ke ba da aikin dasawa da aiki mai kariya.
Tsayin bushes, ya danganta da matsayin girma, ya kama daga mita daya zuwa shida. Akwai siffofin creeping. A kan ƙasar Rasha da wuya girma sama da ɗaya da rabi - mita biyu. Gangar jikin itace da rassa galibi launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin ma tare da jan toshiyar launin toka. Otsan buɗe ido suna rufe da dunƙule. Ganyen fure mai hade da nau'ikan halittu suna zagaye, ba za'a iya-koval ko lanceolate a sifa ba. Sun yi serrated ko serrated gefuna.
Furanni, kyawawan launuka da kamanninsu, tare da ƙanshin kamshi mai ban sha'awa suna jan ƙudan zuma. Launin fure ya sha bamban domin nau'ikan daban-daban. Akwai fararen fata, shuɗi mai haske, ruwan lemo da jan launi. Tsarin yana da sauki ko terry. A cikin fure mai sauƙi akwai furanni biyar, daga ashirin zuwa hamsin mai haske na bakin ciki da kuma pistil wanda ya ƙunshi fistil fused biyar. Ana yin saukan hawan kwayoyin halitta a watan Afrilu-Mayu.
Hoton hoto: henomeles na fure
- Furen Fina-furen Fenas din Genomeles Yukigoten
- Furen furannin Terry suna sanya daji henomeles har ma ya fi kyau
- Flowering Quince Japanese
- Girgije mai haske-ruwan hoda mai ƙanshi mai daɗi
- Noble duhu furanni ruwan hoda na arewacin lemun tsami
- Henomeles tare da fararen furanni yana da kyau kyakkyawa
- Henomeles harbe da yawa yafa masa furanni
- Coral furanni na Quince Japanese
Fure mai fure da m bushes sun haifar da amfani da Quince na Jafananci a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Henomeles yayi kyau sosai a maƙwaran wasu tsirrai, a cikin tsiro guda ɗaya da kan iyaka.
Hoton Hoto: Tsarin Jafananci cikin ƙirar ƙasa
- Encearfafa da isawar daji na henomeles
- Yaren Jafananci tsakanin duwatsun ya bambanta cikin tsananin ƙarfi da darajar layi
- Strictaƙƙarfan iyaka na yanke bushes yayi kyau
- Ba a rasa Henomeles a cikin ƙauyen ba
Duk da gaskiyar cewa an san shuka kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin samar da lambuna, ba a san mahimmancin kaddarorin 'ya'yan itacen ba. Fruitsananan 'ya'yan itatuwa na halittu suna kama da apple ko Quince. Launi mai launi, ruwan lemo ko ruwan hoda tare da kumburi.
'Ya'yan itacen Genomeles kayan masarufi ne mai mahimmanci ga abinci, masana'antu da ƙanshin ƙanshin masana'antu saboda yawan abubuwan da suke dasu. Sun samo abubuwa masu aiki na halitta (ascorbic acid, carotene, bitamin B), kwayoyin (malic, citric, tartaric, fumaric, chlorogenic, quinic) da ƙanshi (kofi, coumaric isomers) acid, pectic, phenolic, mineral, carbohydrates, mai mai
V.P. PetrovaFruitsa fruitsan itace da berries. - M.: Masana'antar gandun daji, 1987. - S. 172-175
Matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, dangane da iri da yanayin girma, ya girma daga 30-40 zuwa 150-300 grams. Fuska tayi mai. Dankalin turawa yana da dumbin yawa, acidic, yana da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi na citrus kuma yana ɗauke da adadin pectin. A cikin ɗakunan iri akwai ƙananan ƙananan launin ruwan kasa.
Thewanƙwasa 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen suna faruwa ne a ƙarshen Satumba ko Oktoba.
Kusan babu irin nau'in Quince na Jafananci da ke farfadowa gaba daya a yankin tsakiyar Rasha. Amma peculiarity na wannan shuka shine cewa ana iya girbi 'ya'yan itaciyar, ba ta da yawa, adadin ascorbic acid bayan cin thean itan baya raguwa, kuma bisa ga wasu bayanai, har ma yana ƙaruwa yayin ajiya.
Sakamakon dandano mai tsami da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai yawa, henomeles a cikin tsari ba a amfani da su a abinci. Ana amfani da Quince na Jafananci a cikin shirye-shiryen compotes, adana, jam.
Ta dade tana shan wahala, tana girke 'ya'yan itacen zidonia. Paƙar tumbin da ke ciki bai ba da wuka ba kuma sun yi tsayayya da mafi kyawun abin da zai iya. Tsarin sarrafa zidonia mai ƙanshi mai daɗi kuma yana kama da azabtarwa mai ladabi, har sai aboki ya ba da shawarar hanya mai sauƙi da sauƙi don yin matsawa. 'Ya'yan itacen da aka wanke cikakke na kwayoyin halitta suna buƙatar sanya shi a cikin kwanon rufi na enamel, zuba karamin adadin ruwan zãfi, rufe tare da murfi kuma saka wuta. Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan tafasa, asirin an dafa shi. Abun da ke cikin kwanon ɗakin yana sanyaya kuma an wuce ta colander. Gidajen zuriyar suna iya zama da sauƙi kuma ana shirya lokacin farin cikin jelly a shirye. An kara sukari don dandano. Idan ana so, an haɗa henomeles tare da apple, pear ko plum.
Lemun tsami ta Arewa, ba kamar tsohuwar suna, ba wata itaciya ce mara tushe. Bawai ana neman sa bane akan tsarin kasar gona kuma yayi girma har a kasashe marasa kyau. Yana da kyawawan yanayin hunturu. Yawanci, wakilan wannan dabi'ar suna da tushe mai zurfi, waɗanda aka samo asali, saboda abin da suke iya jure wa fari. Kusan babu lalacewa ta hanyar kwari. Akwai alamomin da ba a sani ba game da rashin nasarar aphids da gall midges.
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka 'yar kasar Japan cikin girma
Jafananci Quince dasa
Henomeles ba mai ɗaukar hoto ba ne. Iyakar abin da dole ne a lura lokacin da dasa shuki na Jafananci seedlings yana da haske. A cikin inuwa, shuka ya ba da 'ya'yan itace mafi muni.
Don kwayoyin, ana zaɓan wuraren hasken rana, masu kariya daga iska ta arewa. Kuna iya shuka a cikin bazara da kaka. Yawancin lokaci ana shuka 'yan itace a cikin maɓallin ci gaba a nesa na 90-100 cm, amma ana amfani da shuka guda ɗaya. Zurfin ramin yakai 40 cm, faɗin nisan cm 50. Iskar ƙasa mai ɗorewa: pH 5.0-5.5. Har ila yau, bushes suna girma akan filayen yumbu, don haka rami dasa shuki ba koyaushe magudana, amma an lura cewa gabatarwar humus a cikin rabo na 1: 1 yana haifar da karuwa a cikin girman 'ya'yan itacen.
Wasu lambu suna ba da shawarar rage tushen seedlings by 20-40 cm kafin dasa shuki da bi da su da yumɓin danshi. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa ba sa buƙatar yankewa, amma ƙura tare da Kornevin don guje wa damuwa yayin tashin ƙasa. Wadannan shawarwarin suna amfani ne kawai ga tsirrai tare da tsarin bude tushen. Aƙƙarfan ƙwayoyi suna da ɗan damuwa damuwa kaɗan.
A lokacin da saukowa:
- Tona rami 50x50x40 cm.
- Humus an hade shi da ƙasa a cikin rabo na 1: 1.
- Suna dasa daji ba tare da zurfafa tushen wuya ba.
- Sun cika ƙasa, suna tattakewa da kafa rami ban ruwa.
- Ruwa mai yawa kuma ciyayi da'irar akwati.
Nan da nan bayan an dasa, an sare daji zuwa tsayin 20-25 cm.
Sake bugun Jafananci na Jafananci
Kwayoyin za a iya yaduwar su a cikin ciyawar kuma a iya shuka su (a haƙiƙa). A lokacin yaduwar ciyayi, henomeles yana riƙe da halaye iri-iri na shuka uwa. Amma samun shuki daga cikin irin amfanin ku ma yana da mahimmanci. Sun fi dacewa da yanayin gida, suna da sabbin kaddarorin da suka bambanta da na mahaifa, waɗanda ake amfani da su don zaɓar, kuma za'a iya amfani dasu azaman jari.
Kayan lambu na yaduwar ƙwayoyin halittar jini
Genomeles ya bazu:
- yanke
- tushen zuriya
- sakawa
- raba daji.
Duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna da sauƙi.
Yankan
Don yankan a farkon rabin bazara, ana yanke karar 20-25 cm duka biyu cuttingsan matasa da masu girma sun yanke tushen daidai.
Don samun cuttings:
- Yanke fam ɗin lignified ko kore.
- Cire maganin apical.
- Ya danganta da tsawon lokacin harbi, ana girbe guda ɗaya ko fiye.
- Dasa a cikin ƙasa a wani kusurwa saboda aƙalla kodan biyu sun kasance a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
An dasa su a cikin kananan katako don dasawa, bayan wannan ana shuka su a cikin dindindin.
Wata hanya kuma ta fi zama al'ada a gare ni. A cikin ƙasar da aka hadu, na dasa itace zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm a wani kusurwa na 45game da zuwa saman duniya. Watse. Ina rufe saman da tukunyar lita uku. Ina ƙoƙari kada in taɓa kwalbar har sai ciyawar ta fito, don kula da ɗumbin zafi. Da kaka, matasa shuka sun shirya. Na mulch da shi tare da humus kuma ya rufe don hunturu.
Yaduwa daga tushen zuriya
Tushen zuriyar an rabu da mahaifiyar daji da kuma dasa shi zuwa wurin da ya dace. Hanyar ba ta da wahala har ma da fararen lambu.
Maimaitawa
Tsoro bushes na genomeles tare da ƙananan rassan suna dace yada ta hanyar layering. Sprouts suna yayyafa tare da humus kuma ana shayar lokaci-lokaci. Don dogaro mafi girma, zaku iya tono tsagi, shimfiɗa reshe kuma ku rufe da murfin humus. A lokacin bazara, yan itace suna da tushe, kuma a cikin kaka ana iya rabuwa da su daga mahaifiyar daji kuma a dasa su a wani sabon wuri.
Akwai wasu gyare-gyare ga wannan hanyar haihuwa.
Raba Bush
Hakanan ana amfani da yaren Jafananci ta hanyar rarraba daji. Don mafi kyawun tushe na yanka, ana bada shawara ga yayyafa tare da Kornevin. Kadai bushes samu ta wannan hanyar ba koyaushe dauki tushe a cikin sabon wuri.
Halittar haihuwa na asalin Jafananci
Za'a iya shuka ƙwayar henomeles mai zurfi a cikin faɗuwar ƙasa. A lokaci guda, adadin su zai yi ƙasa kaɗan. Lokacin shuka tsaba a cikin bazara, ana buƙatar ɗaurin sanyi. Ana kiyaye tsaba aƙalla watanni biyu zuwa uku a cikin yashi rigar a zazzabi na 0-3game daC. An samo lingsalingsan itace don aikin kiwo ko don amfani dashi azaman jari.
Henomeles pruning
Dangane da burin, akwai cropping:
- tsari
- anti-tsufa
- tsafta.
Ana amfani da tsararren tsari a lokuta inda henomeles ke girma a matsayin iyaka ko a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Wannan shine filin ayyukan masu sana'a na lambu. Don mazauna bazara da kuma yan koyo, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa babban fruiting yana faruwa ne akan harbe matasa na Quince na Jafananci, don haka an cire tsoffin rassan. Yawancin lokaci bar 13-15 harbe ba girmi shekaru hudu. Don mafi kyawun hasken daji, an cire rassan thickening. Ana yin ganyen tsafta a shekara. A lokaci guda, ana cire daskararru, fashe da rauni mai rauni. A cewar masana, a cikin tsakiyar yankin na Russia daskare duk rassan da suke waje da dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan bangare na shoot, fure fure mutu, kuma ana lura da furanni kawai kusa da akwati.
Ana yin dantse a cikin bazara kafin a fara kwarara ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Suna yin girbi na kaka. Yawancin lokaci ana yin sa ba tare da ƙarshen wata ɗaya ba kafin yanayin sanyi da ake tsammani. Wasu yan lambu a lokacin bazara sun yanke harbe-harbe, ba su wuce 15 cm ba 7. A wannan yanayin, daji ya rufe gaba daya dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu, kuma a lokacin bazara an rufe shi da furanni cikin yanayin abokantaka.
Alurar riga kafi
Lokacin da akwai sarari kaɗan a cikin gonar, amma akwai sha'awar ganin nau'ikan nau'ikan henomeles, sukan yi maganin alurar riga kafi. A matsayin jari, suna amfani da ko dai nasu seedlings ko tsire-tsire daga danginsu na asali: Quince, apple, pear. Akwai ambaton ash dutse da kuma hannun jari na henomeles.
Juyawa
Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar nan da nan tunani a kan wurin da za a shuka daji henomeles, tun daga nan yana da wuya a tura shi. Akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mafi yawan lokuta a sauƙaƙe, dole ne a yanke harbe don tono a daji. Henomeles yana da ingantaccen tsarin tushe wanda ke ba da shuka tsirrai a cikin yanayin fari, amma yayin dasawa ba shi yiwuwa a tono daji don kada ya lalata tushen sa. Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin sabon wuri, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba sa ɗaukar tushe.
Don dasa shuki, zaku iya amfani da tsirar kanku ko saka filayen. Haka kuma, an kiyaye dukkan kaddarorin mahaifiyar.
Bidiyo: ra'ayin mai lambu game da dasa shuki na Jafananci
Yadda ake shuka henomeles
Jafananci Quince ne da mamaki unpretentious da Hardy. Yana girma akan ƙasa mai talauci kuma yana shawo kan rashin amfanin ruwa. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan da aka girma a Rasha suna tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari. Akwai ambaton aphids. Lokacin da kwari masu kwari suka bayyana, ya kamata a fesa bushes sau 2-3 tare da Biotlin bisa ga umarnin.
Babban yanayin don girma na yau da kullun, fure da 'ya'yan itace na tsinkaye. A cikin inuwa, da bushes Bloom talauci da kuma kai 'ya'yan itace. Hankalin ruwa kuma ya shafi matakin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Idan harbe suka kasance sama da dusar ƙanƙara, to, furanni ya mutu, saboda haka wasu lambu ke bayar da shawarar rassan lanƙwasa da kuma tsari.
Idan kun shuka bushes da yawa na kwayoyin halitta, zaku iya samun girbin girbi mai amfani saboda tsabtace-tsirrai na tsirrai, haka kuma saboda jan hankalin kwari da yawa. A wuraren da babu kwari, bushes na iya yin fure, amma babu girbi. Fruiting na kwayoyin halitta yana farawa yana da shekaru uku. Idan daji ya tsufa kuma bai yi 'ya'ya ba, ana amfani da maganin zuma mai rauni sosai don jawo hankalin kwari. Cokali daya na zuma mai narkewa a cikin lita na ruwa kuma aka yayyafa daji. Hakanan zaka iya aiwatar da sauran bishiyoyi na andan itace da shukoki.
A lokacin da girma henomeles saboda kare kankare 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, suna ciyar bushes don samun yalwar girbi. Don wannan, ana amfani da takin gargajiya ko ma'adinai.
Hanya mafi sauki ita ce don yanke ciyawa tare da humus. A lokaci guda, an lalata cizon sako, kuma ƙasa tana karɓar abubuwa masu amfani a kowane ruwa. Shayar da jiko na sako ciyawa ko slurry. An zubar da nettles, comfrey, chums da sauran ganye tare da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 2, nace don kwanaki da yawa har sai fermentation ya fara. Ruwan yana da ɓarna, an ƙara ruwa a ninki biyu zuwa girma sau uku kuma ana amfani dashi ƙarƙashin daji. Kuma taki an zuba da ruwa 1: 3, hagu zuwa ferment, decsoci, diluted 1: 7 kuma shayar.
Lokacin amfani da takin mai ma'adinai, suna yin biyayya ga doka: ana amfani da nitrogen ne kawai a bazara, za'a iya amfani da potash da phosphorus daga farkon bazara zuwa kaka. Ana amfani da takin ƙasa sosai bisa ga umarnin, kiyaye matakan aminci. Wasu lambu suna ciyar da bushes biyu zuwa sau uku a kowace kakar. Wasu sun yi imani cewa bai kamata a kwashe ku da takin ma'adinai ba, amma ya fi kyau ku kawo ash a cikin adadin 500 ml a kowane daji da rabin guga na ciyawar takin ko takin zuwa kowane daji.
Siffofin dasa da kulawa a yankuna daban-daban, gami da yankin Moscow, Siberiya
A cewar lambu, henomeles bushes iya jure wa frosts har zuwa 30game daC.Wannan yana ba ku damar shuka kwalliyar Jafananci a wurare tare da yanayin canji. Don hana daskarewa da harbe, su ko dai tsari da tsire-tsire ko tanƙwara rassan a gaba domin daga nan daji zai rufe dusar ƙanƙara. Don yin wannan, sai su yanke rassan a ƙasa tare da clamps waya ko kuma karkatar da harbe kuma suna sa kaya a saman.
Lokacin dasawa, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar wuraren da aka haskaka gefen kudu na gidan ko kuma ƙasan kudu, idan wurin yana kan tudu. Genomeles yana tsiro akan yumbu da ƙasa mai nauyi. Manyan riguna da ruwa suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar girma da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Mazauna rani waɗanda suka gwammace su ciyar da ƙarshen mako a gida, ba tare da wahala tare da aikin lambu ba, kawai dasa daji a cikin wuri mai rana, datsa a farkon bazara, lokaci-lokaci ruwa shi. Wasu ruwa sau 2-3 a duk tsawon lokacin bazara.
A cikin yanayin wani ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, 'ya'yan itãcen an girbe unripe. Sukan yi huɗa lokacin da suke kwance.
Yanayin yanayi a cikin yankin Moscow yana da laushi mara kyau, kuma a lokacin rani babu matsaloli tare da yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta. Shayar da fari fari, amma yana da matukar wuya ga kewayen. Yana da mahimmanci kula da tsari na bushes don kada fure fure ya shafa a cikin winters ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba. Idan ba za ku iya zuwa shafin ba saboda dalili ɗaya ko wata, kada ku damu. Ana iya dawo da daji cikin sauki. Wajibi ne a yanke rassan daskararre a cikin bazara, kuma henomeles zai yi farin ciki tare da furanni waɗanda aka sare.
A Yammacin Siberiya, yanayin yana saninsa da canjin yanayi mai kauri. Daga Mayu zuwa Yuli yana yawan zafi, saboda haka ana shayar da ciyaman Jafananci don ƙwayar kwai ba ta faɗi. Watering mafi yawa ana za'ayi a farkon shekarun Yuni da Yuli. Idan babu ruwan sama, zaku iya maimaita ruwa a watan Agusta.
Babban nau'ikan da nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu
Genomeles yana da kusan nau'ikan goma sha biyar. Mafi na kowa daga gare su:
- Genomeles Katayansky;
- Genomeles Jafananci ko Jafananci na Quince (synonym: Henomeles Mauleia ko quince low);
- Genomeles yana da kyau;
- Genomeles mai alfahari ko daukaka (superba).
Mafi yawan yaduwa a cikin ƙasar shine Quince na Jafananci. Ta fi unpreentious kuma baya samar da tsayi bushes. Girma sauran nau'ikan yana da wahala.
Siffar wasu nau'ikan henomeles:
- Yarinyar Geisha - karamin daji tare da furanni peach ninki biyu. Ya girma a cikin inuwa m. Ana amfani dashi don ado gonar a cikin tsire-tsire guda ɗaya da kuma cikin babban taron. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin bargo.
- Lemun tsami na Arewa, ko Yukigoten. Genomeles iri-iri tare da manyan farin biyu furanni. Girma a hankali. Musamman kyau low yada daji. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun yi jinkiri, suna da ƙanshin citta mai daɗi. Marmalade da jam suna shirye daga gare su.
- Tsido ɗan ƙaramin shuki ne da furannin murjani. Iri iri iri a Latvia. Yana da girma kamar shuka ne na ornamental, kuma saboda girman kayanta da ƙanƙancin hunturu, an yi girma don samar da industrialan ofan masana'antu.
An haɗa Genomeles Albatross a cikin Rajista na Jiha a cikin 2017. Wannan nau'in ƙaya ne mara iyaka tare da fararen furanni masu sauƙi. Girman 'ya'yan itacen matsakaici ne kuma babba. Tsayayya da cuta da fari. Nagari don yin namo a Yankin Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Black Earth.
Hoto na Hoto: Lemon Arewa - Tushen Kayan Fitsari da Farin Ciki
- Busheswararrun bishiyoyi masu laushi na Geisha suna fure kuma a cikin inuwa m.
- Wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu suna kama da lemun tsami a sifa
- Sannu a hankali girma Yukigoten fure tare da farin kumfa
- Matsayi na girbi na Genomeles Zido
'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan halittu suna kama da Quince a bayyanar, kuma suna yin gasa tare da lemun tsami a ƙanshin bitamin. Ta hanyar unpretentiousness da kyau kyakkyawa na m furanni, sun isar da ruhun Gabas. Kuma girma wannan kyakkyawa da fa'ida a cikin lambun ku ba shi da wahala kwata-kwata.