Wadanda suke son shuka cherry na Shpanka a cikin lambun su za su iya batar da ire-ire iri iri. A kasuwa za su ba da Shpanki: dwarf, Bryansk, Shimsky, Donetsk. Sun bambanta a cikin bayyanar da girman (daga dwarf zuwa giant), tsammanin rayuwa da fruiting, ingancin berries da yawan aiki. Saboda haka, kowane shpanka yana buƙatar kusanci.
Bayanin nau'ikan cherry Shpanka
Shpanka yana cikin nau'ikan da ake kira nau'in mutane, marubutan da kuma ainihin ranar asalin abin da ba a sani ba. An ware ta a cikin karni na 19 ko a farkon karni na 20 (kuma bisa ga wasu kafofin sama da shekaru 200 da suka gabata) sakamakon tsallakewa da kula da cherries, don haka daga mahangar kimiya yana da hadewar da ta zama daban, mai tsayayyar yanayi. Shekaru da yawa, Shpanka ya tabbatar da kanta kuma ya yadu ko'ina cikin Russia, Ukraine da Moldova.
Zai yi wuya a tsayar da asalin cukunin cikan, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiranta "jama'a" iri daban-daban
Tsawon itacen ya kai 6 m, amma akwai samfurori masu tsayi har zuwa mita 10. D shuka yana da tsawon rayuwar 20-25. A wasu halaye, tare da ingantaccen maganin tsufa har zuwa shekaru 30 ko fiye, amma wannan ba duka bane. Lokacin da ceri ya fara tsufa, an bar harsashi ɗaya a ƙarƙashinsa. Sa’an nan an datse tsohuwar ƙwayar tsohuwar itace, kuma sabon itace ya rage a kan kusancin 'ya'yan itace. Saboda haka, ba tare da wata matsala ba, yana yiwuwa a ci gaba da dasa kayan ceri a wuri guda tsawon shekaru da yawa. A cikin yankin tsakiyar Black Earth da sauran yankuna, har yanzu akwai tsofaffin tsirrai na cherries da ke girma tun ƙarshen 40s - farkon 50s na ƙarni na karshe.
Tare da ingantaccen kayan kwalliya da kulawa ta dace, za a iya ƙara tsawon rayuwar itacen ceri har tsawon shekaru
Gangarorin da kewayen Shpanka masu launin shuɗi ne masu launin shuɗi, yara sun fi haske sosai. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a sani, saboda 'ya'yan itacen ceri na musamman akan harbe matasa, wanda aka yi la'akari dashi lokacin yin shuki. Kambin kambi ne matsakaici. Sabili da haka, Shpanka ba shi da haɗari ga lokacin fari, tana rufe kanta littlean kadan a cikin kambi, koda ba tare da yin sare ba. Rassan ba su yi girma sama ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin nau'in pyramidal, amma a kusurwar dama zuwa akwati, a layi ɗaya zuwa ƙasa. Ana iya ɗaukan wannan a matsayin debewa, saboda a ƙarƙashin nauyin babban amfanin gona za su iya wasu lokuta karya kuma suna buƙatar shigarwa na props. Takaddun tsiro na da tsayi, 7-8 cm, yafi kamar yanki na cherries, ruwan hoda na ruwan hoda.
Smallan karamin amfanin gona na Shpanka ya ba da shekaru 5 bayan dasa shuki na shekaru 1.5-2. Sannan a tsawon shekaru yana ƙara yawan haɓaka, har ya kai matakin 15-18. A wannan zamani, bishiya guda ɗaya na iya samar da kilogram 50-60 na berries. Matsakaicin yawan aiki a wasu lokutan rayuwa ana ɗaukar shi kilo 35-40. Isarshen itacen ya lalace, har zuwa 5-6 g a nauyi, wanda ake ɗauka game da cherries babba, a cikin cikakke yanayin launin maroon, mai laushi. Nama rawaya ne a ciki, kashi ya rabu cikin sauki. The berries ne mai dadi, m, tare da kadan sourness.
A cikin dandano da ingancin berries, Spanka yana da kyakkyawan aiki a tsakanin cherries daidai saboda ya gaji wani ɓangaren magabacinsa - cherries. Koyaya, 'ya'yan itãcen ba su adana na dogon, suna buƙatar aiki da sauri ko daskarewa.
Girbi ya farfado ta tsakiyar bazara. Fruiting ne a hankali, yana shimfiɗawa har ƙarshen bazara. Fruitsa fruitsan Ria Rian Ria fallan sukan faɗo kansu da ƙarancin iska, saboda haka dole ne a tattara su akan lokaci.
Ana la'akari da shpanka mai saurin haihuwa, watau, baya buƙatar giciye-fure tare da cherries makwabta - mace da namiji fure a jikin itace. Itace wanda ba kowa, zai yi 'ya'ya. Amma girbin ya fi yawa kuma ingancin 'ya'yan itacen ya kasance mafi girma idan Spanka ta girma a cikin rukuni na cherries na kowane nau'in.
Don haka gonar ba ta saba da shi ba, ba a ba da shawarar shuka iri ko dwarf iri-iri kusa da babban Shpanka ba, wanda kuma za a rufe masa hankali sosai.
Itace Itace Adon Spanky ya bawa kilogiram 40 na ceri
Shpanka wani nau'in Hardy ne mai juriya da ke jure wa fari da tsananin sanyi lokacin sanyi (har zuwa -35game daC) Amma kaddarorin magabatansu masu tsananin zafi (cherries) ba su barin iri-iri su bazu zuwa arewa. Cherry iya jure hunturu, amma gajere a lokacin rani zai hana 'ya'yan itaciyar su iya tasowa. Koyaya, a cikin karkara da tsakiyar Volga Spanka yana girma.
Kalaman cherry
Ana yin nasarar yada burodin ta hanyar dasa Tushen. Cire zuriya a ƙarƙashin akwati aikin tilas ne dole ne suyi saboda suna malale babbar bishiyar itace. Kuma idan ba ku taɓa harba ba, to a cikin fewan shekaru zai zama mai yin gasa da manyan kututtukan da kuma juna, haifar da ɓarnar ƙarfi, a sakamakon haka, za a yi watsi da kurmin da ba zai taɓa yiwuwa ba tare da ƙaramin amfanin gona maimakon lambun.
An yanke harbe a matakin ƙasa ba tare da barin hemp ba, sannan a jefa shi ko ƙone shi. Amma zaka iya amfani dashi azaman kayan dasawa. Don yin wannan, zaɓi ƙwayar da ta dace daga abin da ya girma a lokacin ko, yankan fitar da harbe, bar wasu ƙaƙƙarfan harbe-harbe don watsa su cikin shekara ɗaya ko biyu. Zai fi kyau a dasa shuki shekaru 1.5-2 tare da tsayin 60-80 cm.
Dugaƙar da aka zaɓa don dasawa an haƙa har zuwa zurfin bayoneti tare da kewaye da bayonet, an ja shi tare da ƙasa, ƙoƙarin kiyaye tushen da yawa yadda zai yiwu. A kan aiwatar da cire seedling, a kwance igiyar ciki ya zauna daga babban itace zai sami kanta. An yanke tare da shebur ko abun ciye-ciye. Lokacin yin digging overgrowths, mutum bai kamata ya manta cewa aikin yana ci gaba a cikin sashin tushen tsarin bishiyar rayuwa ba, saboda haka babu buƙatar tono da yawa. Ana rufe ramin da ƙasa kuma aka yayyafa shi da ganye ko ciyawa. An sanya seedling a kan raw burlap kuma dukkan tushen tsarin yana rufe zuwa gare ta.
Za'a fitar da tushe mai kyau yadda yakamata tare da tushen da dunƙule na ƙamshi.
Amma idan kun sami nasarar gano ɗan shekaru 2.5-3 wanda ya yi kama da diyan 'yanci, zaku iya juyar da shi ma, wannan zai hanzarta girbin farkon ta 1-2 shekara. A cikin gonar da aka watsar za ku iya samun seedling mai shekaru 4-5. Amma mafi tsufa shi ne, mafi muni ya ɗauki tushe, kuma mafi girma girman tushen da ƙasa dole ne a koma tare da shi.
Za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar grafting a kan rootstock na outbred amma Hardy cherries. Amma ya fi wahala da tsayi, domin da farko kuna buƙatar haɓaka hannun jari, to sai ku jira haɓakar harbin da aka liƙa.
Dasa Turare
A cikin yankunan kudanci, zaku iya dasa shpanka a lokacin hutawa:
- a cikin kaka, da zaran ganye suka fadi kuma har zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba;
- a cikin bazara, kafin ya fara ya kwarara ruwan itace.
A cikin yankuna na arewacin, ana bada shawara don dasa cherries a cikin bazara, kamar yadda itacen da aka dasa a cikin kaka ba shi da lokacin shirya don hunturu.
Wuri
Spanke yana buƙatar wuri mai rana. A cikin yankuna na Kudancin an yarda da shading a ƙasa, alal misali, daga filayen nesa ko ƙananan gine-gine. A cikin kewayen karkara, sauran yankuna masu sanyi a wurare masu duhu, dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa, ƙasa tana daɗa muni sosai, an rage lokacin girma na itacen, saboda haka ya kamata wurin ya kasance rana sosai.
Akwai wurare tsakanin gine-gine, inda maɗaukaka ma suka busa cikin yanayi mai natsuwa. Irin waɗannan wurare ba su dace da cherries ba.
Kasar
Spanke yana buƙatar sako-sako da sako-sako, amma isasshen ruwa mai ƙoshin ruwa. Alumina mara nauyi ko loam mai nauyi bai dace ba, Tushen ba zai sami damar bunkasa cikin su ba. Shouldasa kada ta kasance mai acidic, amma tsaka tsaki ko ɗan kwalliyar alkaline, tare da pH na kusan 7. Yakamata yakamata ya tsayawa sama da nisan mil 1.5 daga doron ƙasa.
Saukowa algorithm
Jerin matakai lokacin dasa shuki:
- Suna tono rami mai saukarwa gwargwadon girman tushen, zai fi dacewa tare da karamin gefe a zurfi da fadi.
- Cikakken balagagge humus an haxa shi cikin ƙasa a cikin gwargwado na 1 part humus zuwa sassa na 3 na ƙasa. An kara ash na itace a cikin wannan cakuda a farashin 1 a kowace lita 20 na ƙasa.
Dole ne a sanya tushen tsarin seedling a cikin rami na dasa shuki
- Ana jefa katako ko katako na ƙarfe a cikin ramin tsakiya.
- Ee, kasan ramin yana zuba wani tudun dafaffen ƙasa.
- A saman sa yada tushen seedling.
- Itatuwa ya kamata ya zama daidai wannan zurfin a wanda yayi girma a cikin tsohon wuri, wanda a bayyane yake a cikin launi da haushi. Amma a kowane hali, ba za ku iya cika tushen wuya ba, ya kamata ya zama matakin ƙasan. Idan seedling ya yi ƙasa, sai su ja shi, su zuba ƙasa a kan tudun da ke ƙasa.
Tushen seedling suna kan ƙugu, tushen wuya bai kamata a rufe shi da ƙasa ba
- Bayan yanke shawarar da tsawo, Tushen an rufe shi da sako-sako da ƙasa, ba tare da barin iska voids, kasar gona a hankali rammed tare da kafa.
- Zuba lita 10-20 na ruwa, gwargwadon girman ramin da seedling, danshi ƙasa.
Ana shayar da itaciyar la'akari da danshi na ƙasa
- An ɗaure ƙwayar itace a kan gungumen mai tallafi tare da igiya mai laushi ko tsararren masana'anta.
- An rufe da'irar gangar jikin ciyawa.
Siffofin Kulawa
Kulawa da Spank - ciyarwa, datti, kwaro da kulawar cuta - kusan ƙima ne, kamar dukkan tsatsotsin cherries. Wasu fasalulluka:
- Spank da aka dasa ba kusa da 3 m daga juna. Idan yanki ya ba da izini, zaku iya ƙara nesa zuwa 3.5-4 m tsakanin layuka. Wannan itace itaciya mai tsayi wacce take da fa'idar tushe - sau 2-2.5 ya fi yankin kambi.
- A kan aiwatar da girma, kamar duk tsoffin iri, Shpanka a zahiri ba ya buƙatar riguna masu kyau, musamman akan chernozems da sauran ƙasa mai m. Amma cikakkun riguna masu dacewa tare da takin gargajiya ko na zamani, musamman akan ƙarancin ƙasa, na iya zama da amfani.
- Yawancin yana da tsayayya ga cututtukan fungal, coccomycosis da monolial burn, wanda ke sauƙaƙe kulawa.
- Itace na iya buƙatar shayarwa, idan babu ruwan sama, a lokacin fure da samuwar ovary.
- A cikin sanyi mai ƙarancin sanyi, yana da mahimmanci ƙasa a ƙarƙashin itacen yana rufe da farin dusar ƙanƙara. Idan babu dusar ƙanƙara, dole ne ku cika ƙasa da wani yanki na ciyawa daga sawdust, humus, foliage, hay, bambaro, ciyawa, takin ko peat tare da wani yanki mai kusan cm 10 Babban abu shine tushen ba ya daskarewa.
- Idan wani ɓangare na rassan daskarewa a cikin hunturu, suna yanke a cikin bazara.
Shekaru na gwaninta a cikin shpanki girma ya nuna cewa kusan kawai matsala tare da namo shi ne girbi daga itace mai tsayi.
Daban-daban na Shpanka
A karshen karni na 20 da kuma farkon karni na 21, bisa tsohuwar nau'in Shpanka iri-iri, masu shayarwa sun kirkiro sabbin nau'ikan da su ma suka cancanci jan hankalin lambu.
Shpanka Bryansk
An haɗa nau'ikan cikin rajista na Jiha a cikin 2009, an ba da shawarar don amfani a yankin tsakiyar. Gangar jikin gajere ne, matsakaici mai tsayi, shine, a ƙasa da tsohuwar Shpanka. Harbi ba ya girma a layi ɗaya zuwa ƙasa, amma a sama, saboda abin da itacen yake da fasali iri dabam. Launin haushi shine launin toka-zaitun. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne karami, har zuwa 4 g a nauyi, mai zagaye, mai haske ja. Shawarwarin suna karuwa har zuwa 9%, wanda ya yi nisa da rikodin, don haka ɗanɗano 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba mai daɗi-daɗi ba, amma, akasin haka, mai daɗi da m. An dauke shi mai da-da-da-sa, da iya bada 'ya'ya akan bishiya ɗaya. Farkowa da wuri.
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na Shpanka Bryansk, bisa ga Rajistar Jiha - 73 kg a 1 ha, hakan shine kilogiram 73 daga 100 m2, ko kimanin kilogram 8 daga ganga ɗaya. A cewar wasu majiyoyin, Shpanka Bryansk tana bada kimanin kilo 35-40 daga ganga guda daya, wacce tafi kusanci da gaskiya.
Cherry Shpanka Bryansk ta ba da shawarar yin namo a yankin na tsakiya
Shpanka Shimskaya
An sanya sunan iri-iri ne a wurin da aka samo asali - gundumar Shimsky na yankin Leningrad. Saboda haka, ya dace da yanayin yankin Arewa-maso-yamma.
Da dama ripening, berries ripen a cikin marigayi Yuni - farkon Yuli. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, har watan Agusta. A mafi nisa kudu, yankin, da sauri ya fara fruiting. Daga cikin akwati ɗaya, zaka iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogiram na 45-55. Zai fara yin 'ya'yan itace daga shekaru 3-4, tsawon rayuwar yana har zuwa shekaru 25. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu matsakaici ne a cikin girman, har zuwa 3.5 g, haske mai haske har ma da yanayin cikakke, mai daɗi, tare da acidity. Jiki yana da ruwan hoda, ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba mai launi.
Itace mai matsakaici ne, har tsawon mita 3. A kambi ne m, rare, ba bukatar thinning pruning. Haushi yana da duhu sosai, kusan baki har ma da matasa harbe-harben. Yana jure da hunturu da kyau, amma wani lokacin yana iya fama da cutar fungal, ƙonawa ta monilial, wanda zai buƙaci magani tare da fungicides.
A iri-iri ne da-m, sabili da haka, na bukatar dasa a cikin rukuni tare da pollinators, cherries na sauran iri, alal misali, Vladimir ko Korostyn.
Shpanka Donetsk
Kamar Shimskaya, an sanya masa suna bayan wurin asalin - tashar tashar kayan lambu ta Donetsk. Wannan wani nau'in cakulan ne da ya fi girma. A kambi a cikin farkon shekaru a cikin nau'i na dala, to, ya zama zagaye. Yawancin suna haifar da manyan rikodin furanni - har zuwa 6-7 g 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launin ja ne, nama rawaya ne, ɗanɗano yana da daɗi. A iri-iri ne hunturu-Hardy da fari-resistant. Tare da tsananin sanyi a cikin hunturu yana iya wahala, amma yana iya murmurewa da sauri. Hankalin cututtukan fungal yana da matsakaici.
Itace ya fara bada 'ya'ya daga shekaru 3-4, ya kai kololuwa har zuwa shekaru 9-12.
Yawancin karancin isar da kai, itaciya ɗaya zata ba da amfanin gona kaɗan. Sabili da haka, yana buƙatar dasa cikin rukuni don pollination na juna. A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi, ana bada shawara a dasa ba ceri ko matasan, amma cherries don pollination.
Shpanka Donetsk na da manyan hasken ja
Dwarf shpanka
Berries na dwarf dwarf ana bambanta su da kyakkyawan dandano. Haɗuwa ce ta cherries da cherries, sabili da haka tana da dandano ta cherries a hade tare da mafi kyawun halayen ɗanɗano. Ana ɗaukar nau'ikan yana da rikicewa da taurin kai, mai tsayayya da lokacin sanyi, cututtukan fungal da kwari, sabili da haka yana yin nasara cikin Arewa maso yamma.
Matsakaicin tsayi na dwarf bishiyar balagaggu - ba fiye da 3 m
Kursk shpanka
An bambanta wannan nau'in ta hanyar masu shayarwa kusan ƙarni da suka gabata. Kuma a cikin 1938 an ba shi sabon suna Shpanka da wuri, ko Kurskaya, a inda ya fito, don guje wa rikice-rikice a rukunin nau'ikan, wanda aka fi sani da Shpanka. Yawancin har yanzu suna rikitar da shi tare da babban yankin Kudancin Spanka. Amma waɗannan nau'ikan biyu ne daban, masu bambanta da juna. Kursk shpanka ba matasan bane tare da cherries, amma cherries mai tsabta, yana cikin nau'in amorel, wato, ja cherries tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mara launi. An yadu da ire-irensu a yankin Kursk, wanda ba a taɓa samun irin sa ba a yankuna maƙwabta. A mafi yawan yankuna na arewacin, bai taba girma ba, watakila saboda ƙarancin hunturu. Kuma har ma a cikin yankuna na kudanci, ceri sosai froze a cikin matsananci winters.
A iri-iri ne da wuri, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen daga tsakiyar Yuni. Itace ya kai tsayin 4 m. Gwanin yana da faɗi kuma yana yaɗuwa, baƙaƙe, harbe yana da kauri, launin toka-launin ruwan hoda. Yawan aiki ya dogara da yanayin wintering na fure buds. Idan kodan bata daskare, itaciyar ta bada kilogram 30 na 'ya'yan itace. Ya fara yin 'ya'ya a cikin shekaru 4-5. Tsawon rayuwa ya kasance har zuwa shekaru 25, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana faruwa ne a shekaru 12-18.
Yaduwa ta hanyar grafting on seedlings na m gida ceri gida. Wannan yana kara juriya da sanyi. Kodayake yana yiwuwa a yadu da tushen harbe. Don pollination, kuna buƙatar dasa shi a cikin rukuni tare da nau'ikan tsayi ɗaya - Vladimir, Kent da nau'in ƙungiyar Griot.
Nasiha
Ina da nau'ikan "farkon Shpanka", wanda aka shirya don duk yankuna na Ukraine. Na sayi 'ya'yan itaciyar bishiyoyin gandun daji na Zaporizhzhya kuma babu matsaloli na musamman. Ga Arewa-Gabas na Ukraine da sauran yankuna ba zan hanzarta ba, amma na ba ku shawara ku ɗauki seedlingsanyen tumatir daga wuraren kiwon lafiyarku a yankinku.
Slavuta_m
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Ina girma cikin tsohon ceri - Spanka, ba shi da lafiya tare da komai. Gabaɗaya. Zaki, m duhu Berry ripens kafin Vladimir. Rieswararriyar cherries - tsohuwar lambu. Na ba da safaran ɗin don ɗan'uwana a cikin yankin Moscow (gundumar Istra), komai ya samo tushe.
Elen fionko
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Shpanka cherries, wacce “kafarta” har yanzu ba a gano ta ba, tabbatacciyar tabbatarwa ce cewa dabi'ar baiwa baiwa ce. Wannan matasan, wanda ya nuna halayen ɗanɗano na berries, ingantaccen aiki da ƙarancin tabbatarwa, lambu sun yi farin cikin girma fiye da shekaru 200. Masu shayarwa baza suyi watsi da yunƙurin “tweak” yanayi ba, suna gabatar da sabbin iri bisa tushen Spanki.
Yanina Kamenchanin
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Bidiyo: Girma chesan Wasanni
Varietiesungiyoyi iri-iri, abin dogaro ne wanda aka tabbatar da shi tsawon ƙarni, ana iya ɓacewa a tsakiyar ɗimbin sababbin sababbin abubuwa masu dacewa tare da halaye masu dacewa - saurin-sauri, dawowa da sauri, tare da girbi mai ƙanƙantar, low-girma, da sauransu. Sabili da haka, akwai dalili don gano "ainihin" Shpanka a cikin tsoffin lambun, sanin ainihin abin da yake, da kuma sauya shi, ajiye shi a cikin sabon lambun.
