Saintpaulia, ko wani suna - Uzambara violet, kyakkyawan shuka ne wanda zai iya yin ado da kowane ɗaki ko ofis. Masu shayarwa sun shayar da yawancin nau'ikan wannan shuka. Kula da shi abu ne mai sauqi.
Labarin bayyanar furen gida
Senpolia wani nau'in halitta ne da aka samo a cikin daji a cikin Afirka. Itace yana da suna Saintpaulia saboda a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Baron Saint-Paul ya lura da shi kusa da tsaunukan Uzambara, ya bayyana shi. Bayan wani lokaci, furen ya ja hankalin mutane a yayin nunin kasa da kasa.
Menene Azambar violet yayi kama
Na dogon lokaci, masu shayarwa sunyi aiki tare da shuka kuma an buge da adadi mai yawa na iri. Suna farin cikin asali don samar da lambun mai son a matsayin fure mai fure.
Mene ne violet ɗin vioam yayi kama
'Yan lambu masu son Amateur suna da sha'awar sanin menene senpolia. Saintpaulia violet ganye ba wanda ke kula, saboda furanni suna da adadin tabarau masu yawa. Lokacin fure yana da tsayi, wanda yake mahimmanci a cikin floriculture na cikin gida. Rarraba wata shuka - tana cikin dangin Gesneriaceae.
Common irin senpolia
Tatattarwa sune nau'ikan senpolia masu zuwa:
- Allahn kyakkyawa. Ya bambanta a cikin petals na girman daya, a ko'ina an shimfiɗa shi a kewayen. Furanni masu launin shuɗi-violet.
Allahn kyakkyawa
- Violet iri na Zephyr yana ba da babban fure mai launi na cream ko farin launi, tare da aibobi masu ruwan hoda. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar manyan manya da ƙananan ganyayyaki da ganyen kore mai haske. Yana blooms da sauri.
Rinja Marshmallow
- Bambancin Pauline Viardot ana rarrabe shi ta manyan furanni masu launi ruwan giya. Ofarshen furannin suna da iyaka. Soket ɗin yana da cikakken ƙarfi da haske.
Pauline Viardot
- An bambanta Black Pearl da yawa da manyan furanni biyu. Haske mai launin shuɗi, mai launin shuɗi mai ruwan fure shima abin mamaki ne. Ganyen yana da m da koren duhu a launi.
Lu'u-lu'u baki
- Kyakkyawan Creole mai launuka iri-iri ne da furanni masu duhu mai duhu. A ƙarshen petals ne farin iyaka.
Kyawawan karairayi
- Viscount - wani violet na senpoly tare da manyan furanni na shuɗi launi, tare da gefuna gefuna.
Viscount na Kayayyaki
A ganye ne cikakken kore.
Kulawa
Kulawa da kumbura na uzambar a gida ya ƙunshi lura da tsarin zafin jiki yadda yakamata, hasken wuta, zafi, yin ruwa, kayan miya.
Zazzabi
Don violetin Uzambara, zazzabi mai kimanin digiri 24 ya dace. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ma'aunin zafin jiki bai sha bamban da rana ko da dare.
Haske
Don shuka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da akwai isasshen hasken rana. A lokacin rani, violet ke tsiro da kyau a gabas ko yamma taga.
Mahimmanci! Itace tana bayyanar da taga ta kudanci kawai a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da rana bata isa ba. A lokacin rani, violet na iya yin wuta ta hanyar rana mai haske.
Idan gidan ba shi da taga gabas, to, a kudu kuna buƙatar inuwa da shuka da tsakar rana. Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine amfani da tebur na gefe.
Watse
Saintpaulia za a iya shayar da distilled famfo ruwa. Narke narke kuma ya dace. Ruwa mai ruwan sama kawai za'a iya amfani dashi a wuraren sauti na lafiya. Yayin shayarwa, tabbatar cewa ruwa baya faɗuwa akan ganye da kuma kanun furanni. Ana iya cimma wannan ta hanyar shayar da shuka a ƙarƙashin tushe.
Tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki na iska, yawan ban ruwa yana ƙaruwa. A akasin wannan, idan yanayin ya zama ɗan ƙaramin sanyi, to, kuna buƙatar shayar da tsirrai sau da yawa.
Itace kanta tayi alamar bukatar shayar da ganyen. Idan sun kasance na roba, to, ana samar da violet din da ruwa. Idan sun gajiya zuwa taɓawa, to yawan adadin ruwa ya kamata a ƙara girma.
Watsa Saintpaulia
Idan ƙasa ta yi birgima, to, saiwoyin tsiron ya bushe danshi ya mutu. Lokacin da ƙasa ke waterlogged, tushen tsarin shuka rots.
Fesa
Spraying Saintpaulia violet ba da shawarar. Idan dakin yana da iska mai bushewa sosai, to zaku iya jagoranci rafin fesawa daga nesa na kimanin mita 2.
Haushi
Wajibi ne a tabbatar cewa dakin yana da zafi mai motsi. A cikin iska mai bushe, ba a ba da shawarar fesa shuka ba. Zaka iya ƙara zafi ta sanya kwantena na ruwa kusa dashi ko amfani da hurami. Gaskiya ne gaskiya a cikin hunturu.
Kasar
Akwai wasu buƙatu don ƙasa wanda za'a watsa violin uzambar. Dukkaninsu sun kunshi samar da isashshen oxygen zuwa ga tsarin tushen.
Soilasa dole ne ta kasance sako-sako. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen riƙe cikakken danshi. Dole ne ya haɗa da:
- ganye humus;
- ƙasar turf
- yashi;
- ƙwayar sphagnum.
A matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto, ana ƙara substrate kwakwa da perlite a cikin adadi kaɗan. Kuna iya tattara wasu ƙasa daga gandun daji mai coniferous.
Manyan miya
Yi amfani da takaddun takaddun da ke ɗauke da ba kawai nitrogen, phosphorus ko potassium ba, har ma gano abubuwan da ke ciki. Suna ba da gudummawa ga al'ada na shuka, ci gaban ganye.
An haramta yin amfani da maganin 'violet' na uzambar a cikin irin waɗannan halaye:
- a tsakanin wata daya daga ranar da aka yi mata juyi;
- a cikin matsanancin zafi ko, yana magana, sanyi;
- lokacin da kwari suka shafe shi;
- idan tana tsaye a rana.
Matsakaicin takin zamani shine lokaci 1 na tsawon sati biyu. Yi hankali da ɗaukar nauyin abu da aka nuna akan lakabin.
Mahimmanci! Masana sun bada shawarar hadarin fure sau 1 a mako, amma a taro sau 2 kasa da alamar da aka nuna.
Don matasa violets, yakamata a samar da takin zamani tare da nitrogen. Daga wannan, shuka zai sami ganye mai haske, mai ƙarfi da kore.
Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa na fure, dangane da iri-iri. Suna iya bambanta cikin sifa, inuwa na filayen fure, girma.
Iri furanni
Furanni na wannan shuka suna da yawa, suna da diamita na har zuwa cm 4. An tattara su cikin inflorescences, a cikinsu akwai furanni 2 zuwa 7. Zasu iya zama mai sauƙin, rabin-biyu da terry.
Ya danganta da iri-iri, launin yana canzawa: daga dusar ƙanƙara-fari da kirim zuwa shuɗi, shuɗi mai duhu. Akwai nau'ikan sautin guda biyu.
Powdery mildew na violet
Tsarin fure
Furen furannin wannan violet suna da furanni 5 da aka tattara a cikin buroshi. Akwai stamens 2. Akwai kwaro a cikin fure. Kal din na da sepals 5. Bayan fure, ana kafa akwati tare da yawan tsaba.
Lokacin tashi
Tare da kulawa da ta dace, uzambar violet na iya yin fure tsawon watanni 10 a shekara. Tana da sauran lokacin hutu ne kawai a mafi yawan kwanakin kalanda.
Kulawar Fitsari
A lokacin furanni, a hankali daidaita adadin ruwa don ban ruwa, a hankali tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ba ta ambaliya. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da rashin jituwa da tsarin zazzabi. A cikin hunturu, iska mai sanyi kada ta shiga tukunya, saboda haka kuna buƙatar rufe windows.
A lokacin furanni, kar a yi overdo da takin mai magani. Ya kamata a dasa shuka a hankali kuma a kai a kai idan ganye sun bushe, kuma adadin furanni ya ragu.
Mahimmanci! Itatuwan furanni baya jure bushewar busasshiyar ƙasa. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa ƙasa tana da danshi.
Ta yaya uzambar violets ke yadawa
Roduwayarwar yana faruwa ta hanyar tsaba, pinching, rooting.
Shuka shuka
Uzambara violet da wuya girma daga tsaba. Dole ne a aiwatar da wadannan ayyuka:
- hagu daga saman;
- zuba maganin kashe guba a kasa;
- yi karamin furrows a cikin ƙasa, shuka iri a cikinsu;
- cika su da ƙasa;
- ruwa cikin qasa.
Rooting cuttings
Ana ɗaukar yankan daga ganyayyaki daga tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Ganyen yana yanke shi sara da wuka mai kaifi. Tsawon rikewar yakai kimanin cm 5. Dole a yayyafa wurin da aka yanke tare da gawayi a ciki ya sa a ruwa. Bayan kimanin mako guda ko kwanaki 10, ƙananan ƙananan Tushen sun bayyana a kan kututture.
Ganyayyaki yaduwa
Sannan ciyawar tana buƙatar dasa shi a cikin gilashi tare da ƙasa. Bayan wata daya, ganye na farko ya bayyana a cikin wani karamin shuka.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka
Sau da yawa ana amfani da rarrabuwa tsakanin daji. Abunda yake fitarwa dole ne ya sami koda. Furtherarin gaba, ɓangaren dabino da aka dasa ya kafe, an dasa shi a ƙasa. Na farko kwanaki na seedling bukatar m watering.
Dasawa bayan sayan
Itatuwan karami ne, saboda haka aka girma cikin tukwane da suka dace. Yayinda violet ke girma, tana buƙatar ba da ƙarin sarari.
Dasa shuka yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ƙwaƙwalwar Uzambara tana da tushen asali, don haka yana da wuya a yi haƙuri da cikakken canjin ƙasa. Dole ne a sake dasa shuka a cikin wani akwati kuma a yayyafa shi da madaidaicin adadin ƙasa. Replant kawai lokacin da ya zama sanannen cewa violet ya rage. Yi daidai idan shuka ya lalace asalinsu.
Kula! Saintpaulia yayi girma sosai kuma yayi fure a manyan tukwane. Duddirinsa kada ya wuce 13 cm.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
Sakamakon kulawa mara kyau, inji na iya yin rashin lafiya kuma karin kwari ya shafe shi.
Cutar
Mafi yawancin lokuta, irin waɗannan cututtukan suna shafar gidajen senpolia:
- rot na ganye da asalinsu;
- launin toka rot;
- powdery mildew;
- Cutar Fusarium
- marigayi blight;
- tagulla.
Karin kwari
A kan aiwatar da girma violet, wadannan kwari sami damar cutar:
- aphids;
- nematode;
- thrips;
- mealybug;
- sciarides.
Sauran matsaloli
Wasu lokuta ganyen shuka na iya zama mara nauyi da launin rawaya. Ana magance matsalar ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙarin hasken wuta, ciyar.
Vioam na Uzambara shine ainihin sarauniyar windowsill. Kyakkyawan furanni masu furanni masu tsayi suna ba da kyakkyawar motsin rai, suna yin ado da kowane ɗaki.
