Mutane da yawa sunyi imani da cewa idan babu rassan bushe a kan bishiyar, yana girma kullum, fure a lokaci kuma yana kawo berries, to baza ku iya kula da shi ba. Koyaya, a zahiri, pruning gooseberries hanya ce ta wajibi, ba tare da ita shuka ba zai bunkasa yadda yakamata.
Me yasa kuma abin da yake sare guzberi
Gooseberries na iya bayar da harbe-harbe da yawa. Amma idan ba ku iya sarrafa wannan tsari ba, ɗan itacen zai yi girma cikin sauri kuma zai juya cikin 'yan' ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗimbin yawa.
Dalilin datsa
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimta ba wai kawai yadda ake yanke gooseberries ba, amma kuma me yasa, lokacin da ake yin shi. Dalili na farko shi ne cewa a lokacin da ake daɗaɗɗiyar ɓoyyi ba za ta yi ado a shafin ba.
Guzberi pruning
Amma kuma:
- tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi, harbe suna karɓi ƙasa da haske kuma berries suna karami;
- saboda plexus na rassan, hadarin yaduwar cututtuka da bayyanar kwari sun fi girma;
- sababbin harbe suna buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, amma kowane na gaba yana ƙaruwa da ƙasa, kuma a sakamakon haka sai su zama masu rauni;
- idan ba ku datsa rassan ba na dogon lokaci, suna zama mai zurfi sosai, suna faɗuwa a ƙarƙashin nauyinsu a ƙasa, kuma bayan wani lokaci ɗauka kamar tushe.
A sakamakon haka, gooseberries ba wai kawai dakatar da ba da amfanin gona ba ne, amma ya zama maƙwabta masu haɗari, saboda wanda cututtuka da kwari zasu iya ci gaba da yaduwa a gonar. Duk da yake lokacin datsa yana ba ku damar gujewa duk wannan, idan kawai kun sanya ƙaramin ƙoƙari a ciki.
Yaushe kuma yadda ake tsara gooseberries shine abin da yakamata kowane lambu ya sani. Babban burin irin wannan jan kafa shine kawai kawar da tsoffin ko rassan da ke da cuta, amma samar da daji wanda harbe-irgen shekaru daban-daban zai rayu tare, duka waɗanda suke cikin ƙimar samar da aiki da matasa.
Kayan aiki mai mahimmanci
Trimming daji - a kowane hali, rauni ga shuka, ko da an yi duk abin da bin duk dokokin fasahar aikin gona. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a zaɓi kayan aikin lambu da suka dace.
Hankali! Duk kayan aikin yakamata su kasance masu kyau - kaifi, inganci mai kyau, in ya yiwu - sabo, kuma ya fi kyau a zabi yanayin haske da kuma rubleszed handles.
Tabbas, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar wuka mai kaifi sosai, wanda zai tsabtace fitina a cikin yankan (kuma zasu kasance babu makawa), har da mai-ingancin kayan lambu. Ba za a buƙaci ƙarin kayan aiki masu ƙarfi ba, saboda rassan gooseberries ba masu kauri sosai ba. Banda shi ne tsohon bushes - a cikin zurfin lokacin farin ciki rassan iya haɓaka, wanda wanda musamman delimber za a bukata.
Tsaron safofin hannu na aminci don datsa
Har yanzu muna buƙatar kulawa da kayan aikin kariya. Da fari dai, waɗannan sune mittens, tunda muna Magana ne game da tsirrai masu tsini. Abu na biyu, muna buƙatar tabarau na filastik masu kariya da mai ba da numfashi. Yin duk aikin gyaran gashi yana cikin su kawai don turɓaya bata shiga cikin idanu da jijiyoyin numfashi, ba ya tsokani conjunctivitis da halayen rashin lafiyan.
Tsarin da ya dace na daji don gooseberries
Don gano yadda ake datsa gooseberries, kuna buƙatar fahimtar tsarinta. Itace itace mai tsiro mai yawa wanda yawancin lokuta take girma zuwa 150 cm a tsayi.
Ana kiran tushe na daji shine tushen wuyansa - harbe da aka yi da spikes an kafa su ne daga kodan da aka kafa anan. A cikin tsofaffin tsirrai masu adalci, tushen abin wuya na iya girma sosai, yana isa daskararru masu girma dabam akan lokaci.
Ban sha'awa! Sabbin harbe-kere na yau da kullun na iya samar da su a cikin rayuwar daji. A kan matsakaita, girma gooseberries na iya haɓaka har zuwa harbe 60, duk da haka, yawan aiki zai zama daban. A cikin waɗanda ke girma a tsakiyar daji, berries suna fitowa ne kawai a saman.
Tushen tsarin gooseberries ya dogara da yadda daji yayi girma. Idan daga zuriyar, to, ciyawar za ta sami tushen tushe. Idan aka samo bushes ɗin a cikin ciyawa, watau, yaduwar da aka zazzage ta hanyar yanka ko saka filayen, tsarin zai kasance ya zama tushen asalinsa.
Ikon gooseberries don mayar da harbe ya dogara da iri-iri. Misali, iri ne Warsaw da Houghton an maido dasu da sauri. Latterarshen na iya samar da sabbin rassa har zuwa 25-30 a kan dajin shekaru shida. Amma, alal misali, nau'in Phenicum yana ba da shootsan harbe.
A cikin shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki daji, Tushen dasa suna ba da girma. Zasu iya kasancewa biyu da gajeru. Akwai wasu budsan itacen a cikin gajeren haɓaka, wanda a ƙarshe, bayan shekaru 2-3, juya zuwa abin da ake kira pods. Latterarshen yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 3-4, sannan ya bushe, amma ba sa buƙatar yankewa, su kansu suna faɗi. Saboda wannan, a cikin rassan shekaru bakwai - ko takwas, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ragu sosai, kuma al'ada ce a yanke su.
Bush samuwar
Don ingantaccen ciyayi na daji, yakamata kayi amfani da umarnin mataki-mataki-akai wanda akayi la'akari da shekarun tsirrai.
Annual daji
Yadda za a yanke gooseberries:
- na farko da za'ayi a cikin ciyawar bayan an dasa seedling a cikin ƙasa;
- ana bincika tsire a hankali kuma an cire dukkanin harbe masu rauni, kazalika da waɗanda ke tsiro a sararin sama;
- sauran rassan an yanke su don haka sai buds 4-5 suka kasance, ana kirgawa daga matakin ƙasa.
Mahimmanci! Babu wata matsala da za ku iya lalata ƙwayar 'ya'yan itacen, don haka ana yin yanka ne a wani kusurwa na digiri 50, kimanin 0.5 cm sama da matakin.
Biennial
Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau a nan gaba, kuna buƙatar rage harbe da suka girma da kashi ɗaya bisa uku.
Amma ga sifilin harbe, to, tare da bara ta kasance su kasance m of 8 guda.
Shekaru Uku
Ana amfani da trimming bisa ga ƙa'idodin guda ɗaya kamar na shekarun baya. Wato, harbe da suka bayyana a wannan shekara suna gajarta.
Daga cikin sifilin harbe, hudu ya kamata su kasance.
Na huxu kuma shekaru masu zuwa
Wajibi ne a aiwatar da girka domin ya samu ta shekara ta biyar 20 isasshen rassan iko na zamani daban-daban.
A nan gaba, ana kiyaye manufa guda ɗaya - an share tsoffin rassan da marasa lafiya. Wadanda suka riga sun wuce zamaninsu sun banbanta da sauran a cikin duhun duhu.
Anti-tsufa pruning
Zai zama dole don sabunta daji lokacin da ya kai shekaru 7-8. Sannan ana yin girkin rigakafin tsufa, wanda a cikin ne kawai aka bar rassan mafi inganci da lafiya - ya kamata kusan 2/3 na waɗannan. Ba wai kawai rassan rauni ko lalacewa ba, har ma da sauƙaƙe ko tsofaffin rassan za a cire su. Bugu da kari, akan wadanda suka rage, har yanzu kuna buƙatar yanke saman.
Trimming wani daji daji
Idan kun riga kun sami nasarar kawo daji zuwa jihar mai gudana, yanayin ba zai yi kyau a yanki daya ba. Dangane da takamaiman yanayin, wannan na iya ɗaukar shekaru 2-4.
Tsirertaccen bishiyar guzberi
A cikin farkon pruning, kuna buƙatar gwadawa aƙalla fitar da shuki na bakin ciki. Idan tana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace, to, daga rassan lafiya yana da mahimmanci don yanke ƙwanƙanran bushe da mara amfani - kusan zuwa reshe na gefen.
Custom hanyoyin da za a datsa guzberi bushes
Ana iya aiwatar da samuwar gooseberries ta hanyoyi marasa daidaituwa - daidaitattun abubuwa da trellis. Kowannensu yana da halaye na kansa.
Dambe
Aikin irin wannan dan itacen shine ya juya itace zuwa wani irin itace mai dauke da dogon kafa da kambi mai sihiri. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi uku - bayyanar kyakkyawa daga daji, daidaituwarsa (ba ya girma kuma baya ɗaukar sarari da yawa) da kuma girbin sauƙi.
Don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar harbi mafi ƙarfi daga waɗanda ke girma a tsaye, ba tare da ɓarna ga bangarorin ba, sauran kuma dole ne a cire sauran. Wannan kuma ya shafi harbe-harbe a kaikaice da ke girma zuwa matakin samuwar "kambi". Yawanci, tsayin kwandon ya kusan mita, kuma duk abubuwan da ke fitowa daga gefen dole ne a cire su akai-akai.
Mahimmanci! Don sauƙaƙe kula da tushe, masu lambu suna ba da shawarar ƙara tallafi ga akwati - ƙarfe ko bututu na filastik, wanda ke ɗaurin daji. A lokaci guda, zai taimaka wajen rufe gooseberries na hunturu.
Bayan cire ƙananan harbe, an riga an yi ginin bisa ga tsarin al'ada. Kowace shekara, kawai mafi ƙarfi da mafi yawan harbe suna bar - har zuwa guda 5, kuma bara na bara suna raguwa. Hakanan ana yankan ganyayyaki, wanda, idan ya girma, an juye zuwa daji.
Don haka sabon harbe ba su bayyana a gindi daga tushe ba, zaku iya yanke ciyawar a kusa da daji. Don wannan, ana amfani da haushi. Yana da kyau kyakkyawa, kuma a lokaci guda ya tsoma baki tare da haifar da sabon harba.
Daidaitaccen Hanyar kirkiro daji
Tsarin daidaitaccen tsari yana da mummunan hasara. Ba zai sake yiwuwa a sake sabunta irin wannan daji ba, sabili da haka, an rage tsawon rayuwar sa zuwa shekaru 10-12. Hanya mai fita shine tsarin sake zagayowar boles akan shafin - shine, kowace shekara don zaɓar sababbin tsirrai don samuwar irin wannan daji, kuma bari tsoffin suyi girma.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa boles suna da ƙananan juriya na sanyi, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin kulawa.
Matsa
Samuwar daji daji na trellis wani zaɓi ne mai ban sha'awa. A wani lokaci, ana amfani da wannan hanyar gaye, tunda tana da matukar kyau ado. Amma babban abu shi ne cewa a lokaci guda duk rassan masu aiki suna karɓar kyakkyawan haske, da kuma samun damar shiga cikin iska mai kyau.
Hanyar Trellis na ƙirƙirar daji
Don hanyar trellis, yana da matukar mahimmanci a shigar da tallafi da jawo kan layuka uku na waya, mafi ƙanƙantar ya kamata ya kasance a nesa na 50 cm daga ƙasa, kuma mafi girma - 100 cm.
Mahimmanci! Ana sanya lingsyan itace a wani nisan nisan daga juna, kuma rassan su suna da kamannin talla kuma an daure su da tsayayyen trellises.
Lokacin da aka yi pruning, suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa sabbin harbe suna girma a kwance - 3-5 an zaɓi waɗanda lafiya lafiya daga gare su, an sake ɗaure su zuwa waya, sauran kuma an yanke. Amma tsakiya harbe suna ƙwarai taqaitaccen, yayin da sifilin harbe, saboda abin da daji thickens, ana yanke gaba daya.
Yancin daji na zamani
Abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan kwalliya sun dogara da lokacin shekara, a ƙasa za a ɗauke shi lamunin ayyukan yanayi.
Lokacin bazara
Wannan ciyawa a cikin bazara ta farka a baya fiye da sauran, don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a daina bata lokacin da aka tsara. Da zaran ya sami dumama sosai saboda ku iya aiki lafiya a gonar, ya kamata ku fara irin wannan aikin.
Yadda ake yanke gooseberries a wannan lokaci na shekara - wannan batun shine mafi yawan lokuta farawa ga masu lambu. A cikin bazara, kawai kuna buƙatar cire busassun bushe da lalace, ciki har da rassan baƙi - fitowar su tana nuna cewa sun sha wahala daga mildew powdery.
Lokacin rani
Yanke gooseberries a lokacin rani ya zama dole don ƙara yawan aiki.
Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a ciki, tunda babban aiki shine gajartar da kananan koren kore. Ba a bar ganye sama da bakwai ba a kansu, kuma an cire kambi a hankali.
A watan Agusta, ana ba da shawarar lambu don yanke harbe talauci masu tasowa, tunda kawai suke ɓatar da albarkatun shuka a banza.
Rana
Idan bazara ba da za'ayi ba, to, kaka ta zama tilas. An ba da shawarar yin hakan a ƙarshen Oktoba.
Mahimmanci! Idan an fara yin pruning sosai a farkon faduwar, harbe a kaikaice zai fara girma a lokacin dumama. Amma ba za su sami lokacin samun ƙarfi kafin lokacin sanyi ba, kuma wataƙila ba za su tsira daga hunturu ba.
A cikin kaka, ba kamar girmar bazara ba, tsoffin rassan, da kuma raunin matasa, suna buƙatar kawar da su. Cire harbe da ya lalace da wadanda ke yin zurfi cikin daji. Ana ba da shawarar harbe-harbe Zero kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na tsawon su.
Ganyen Kirki
Don fahimtar ikon da reshe na matasa yake da shi, kuna buƙatar duba tip. Idan a ƙarshen kakar ya kasance na bakin ciki, irin wannan tsere don shekara mai zuwa har yanzu ba zai samar da amfanin gona ba. Sakamakon haka, bayan duk maganan, daji ya juya da za a fayyace shi, kamar yadda rassan ba za su yi kauri sosai ba.
Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, bai isa kawai a shayar da shuka yadda yakamata ba ko kuma a yi wajan girki a kan kari. Hakanan wajibi ne don ciyar da shuka bayan cire harbe saboda bushes ɗin ya sami ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki. Ana yin wannan duka a lokacin rani da damina. A karshen hanya damar shuka zuwa mafi kyau yi haƙuri sanyi. Karkashin dukkan waɗannan ka'idoji, gooseberries zai zama mafi tsayayya ga dalilai marasa kyau, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa sosai.
