Amaryllis - dasa da kulawa a gida, nau'in hoto

Amaryllis (Amaryllis) - tsire-tsire na perennial monocotyledonous na dangin amaryllis tare da ganye na elongated ganye 60 cm a girman, an shirya su a cikin layuka biyu. Blossoms a cikin manyan laima-dimbin yawa inflorescences na 6-12 furanni daban-daban launuka daga fari zuwa ja mai zurfi.

Homelandasar haihuwar amaryllis - gandun daji na Jamhuriyar Afrika ta kudu, suma suna girma a Ostiraliya. Wannan bulbous ne, ciyawar fure kafin cin gaban ganye, tare da matsakaicin matakan ci gaba. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, furen fure na iya wuce kimanin shekaru 20.

Hakanan tabbatar da cewa duba ƙwayar wallot.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Amaryllis a gida shine fure mai ban sha'awa, amma zai ji dadi yayin lura da ka'idojin kiyayewa kamar haka:

Amaryllis: kulawar gida. Daki-daki

Amaryllis dasa

Kafin dasa shuki a cikin furen fure, kwan fitila za ta sami 'yanci daga wuraren da aka lalata, an gurbata ta cikin maganin rauni na manganese, kuma idan akwai raguwa, ana yayyafa su da baƙin ƙarfe. A cikin ƙasa tattalin albasa yana zurfafa sosai har kashi ɗaya bisa uku ko rabinsa ya rage sama da ƙasa. Wannan matakin zai iya guje wa mutuwar kwararan fitila da kiban fure. Watering kawai shuka wanda aka dasa shine mafi kyau ta hanyar kwanon rufi.

Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, an zaɓi wani wuri inda ƙasa ke da wadatar humus. Amaryllis, wanda aka dasa kusa da bazara, zai sami ƙarfi don fure kuma zai ƙara yawan yara fiye da takwarorinta.

Gudun ruwa

Mafi sau da yawa, tsire-tsire na amaryllis a gida yana rikice tare da fure mai hippeastrum. Babban bambance-bambance na amaryllis, wanda za'a iya gane shi a saukake:

• fure furanni ya fi fadi kuma ba terry;
• yawan furanni akan kowanne daga farfajiyar daga 6 zuwa 12 ne, yayin da hipeastrums basu da 6;
• karamin albasa mafi girman 6 cm a diamita, jarirai sun bayyana tsakanin sikelin sa;
• ciyawar fure mai yawa ce amma ba m.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, fure na amaryllis yana faruwa a ƙarshen kwanakin bazara ko farkon kaka. Waɗannan su ne kyawawan inflorescences na farin, daidai da duk tabarau na ruwan hoda da ja, sau da yawa sautin biyu tare da ratsi. Itatuwan yayi fure a wani yanayin rashin ganye na tsawon sati 8. Tsohon kwararan fitila girmi shekaru 15 ba zai yi fure ba.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Home Amaryllis baya jure yanayin zafin jiki kwatsam. Kyakkyawan yanayi don fure a lokacin rani shine digiri 18-22 tare da matsakaicin zafi. A lokacin dormancy, yawan zafin jiki na shuka ya ragu zuwa digiri 8-10.

Fesa

A cikin yanayin dakin tare da zafi na yau da kullun, shuka ba ya buƙatar spraying kullun. Wannan gwargwado ya zama dole ne idan dakin ya bushe iska kuma ƙasa ta bushe nan take. A cikin lokacin hutawa, lokacin da furanni ya kamata ya bushe, zaku iya fesa ƙasa sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 20 don hana ƙasa ta bushe gaba ɗaya.

Haske

Kula da amaryllis a cikin yanayin cikin gida zuwa mafi girma ya ƙunshi samar da shuka tare da haskakawa na yau da kullun na akalla awanni 16. Wadannan furanni koyaushe suna isa ga rana, amma tunda lokacin haɓarsu ya faɗi akan lokacin sanyi, yawanci shine rashin hasken rana na halitta wanda yake hana haɓakar fure.

Amaryllis yana jin dadi a windows da kudu maso gabas.

Watse

Da zaran wata fure a cikin lokacin hutawa ya bayyana kiban furen da ke auna 5-10 cm - wannan yana nuna cewa lokacin dormant ya ƙare, kuma ana iya shayar da tsire-tsire sau da yawa kuma yalwatacce. Don hana zubar da ruwa, zai fi kyau amfani da daskararru mai taushi ta hanyar ɗamara.

Idan ruwa a cikin hanyar da ta saba - ya kamata koyaushe magudanar ruwa wuce haddi, in ba haka ba stagnation na danshi zai kai ga Rotting na asalinsu.

Wiwi

Kwantena na fure na wannan shuka ya zama babba, barga, elongated, tare da tsawon aƙalla cm 20. Yawancin lokaci, amaryllis yana haɓaka tsarin tushen ban sha'awa, don haka tukwane daɗaɗɗun tukwane ba za su ƙyale ganyen ba sannan kuma ciyawar fure don ci gaba sosai.

Lokacin da aka watsa shi cikin wani akwati mai faɗi mai zurfi, ya kamata girmanta ya karu ta hanyar cm 2-3 kawai a cikin irin waɗannan yanayin "m", amaryllis yana tashi da sauri.

Kasar

Soilasa don amaryllis ya ƙunshi babban adadin abubuwan gina jiki. Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai iya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke biye: turf, ganye, ƙasa humus tare da yashi a daidai sassa. Tare da wajibcin ruwa mai 3-cm mai laushi wanda aka yi da pebbles, yumɓu mai yumbu ko kwakwalwan bulo.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ƙasa ta duniya don fure mai fitila.

Taki da taki

Ana ciyar da ciyar a lokacin girma. Ana shawarar musanya ma'adinai da takin gargajiya, waɗanda ake amfani da su sau ɗaya a wata. Kamar yadda kwayoyin halitta suke, ana amfani da maganin mullein da kwararar tsuntsu.

Ma'adinan ma'adinai ya kamata ya ƙunshi ƙarin phosphorus da potassium. Ilasa mai arziki a cikin nitrogen - akasin haka, na iya cutar da shuka. Yayin hutawa, ba a buƙatar ciyar da amaryllis.

Juyawa

Amaryllis dasa ne da za'ayi bayan flowering da kuma withering na fure stalk. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kawai ana maye gurbin saman 3 cm na ƙasa sau ɗaya a shekara, yana cike duniya da abubuwan gina jiki. Ana yin cikakken furen fure a kowace shekara 3-4. Mabuɗin mahimman bayanai don canjin da ya dace na amaryllis:

1. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a aiwatar, ana shayar da shuka sosai.
2. Lokacin da aka fito da fure daga tukunya, ana bincika tsarin tushen sosai, kuma ana cire wuraren lalatattun abubuwa.
3. Ana kulawa da sassan ko wasu wuraren da lahani tare da maganin warwarewa ko an yayyafa shi da carbon da ke kunne.
4. 'Ya'yan itaciya sun rabu da kwan fitila. Idan ba a cire su ba, to fure zai sanya dukkan ƙarfinsa a cikin ci gaban yara, a wannan yanayin babu furanni.
5. A cikin tukunya mai zurfi tare da Layer na malalewa na 3 cm, an shimfiɗa ƙasa a kan kashi biyu bisa uku na filayen fure.
6. Ana zuba ƙaramin sanduna 2 cm a ƙarƙashin albasa na fure kuma a gefenta sauran adadin ƙasashen da aka yayyafa ta hanyar da ƙasa kawai ke rufe kanta.

Irin waɗannan matakan zasu taimaka ƙarfafa ɓarna, lalacewa ko kuma kawai "gaji" kwan fitila. Da sannu za a sabunta shuka da fara aiki mai ƙarfi.

Mai jan tsami

A cikin gida amaryllis baya buƙatar yanke ganye mai bushe, tunda kan aiwatar da mutuwa a kashe duk abubuwa masu amfani daga gare su shiga cikin kwan fitila, ƙirƙirar ajiyar don fure na gaba. Idan ganyayyaki rabi-rabi sun daɗe na dogon lokaci kuma basu mutu da sauƙi ba, ana jera su a hankali ko kuma a yanke su a gindin gwal.

Amaryllis bayan fure

Bayan fure da walda na inflorescences, lokacin fara aiki zai fara. Tsarin da ya dace don wannan yanayin zai tsawanta tsawon rayuwar fure. Da farko dai, an yanke farfajiyar a hankali daga tushe daga kwan fitila. Rage ruwa a hankali, tunda tsire-tsire marasa fure yakan sha ƙasa da danshi.

An sanya tsire a cikin wuri mai sanyi, inuwa mai kyau kuma tsawon watanni 2-3 ba a gaji da damuwa ko dai ta hanyar ruwa (wani saurin fesa saman saman ƙasa ya isa), ko ta kayan miya. Da zaran sabon tsiro ko kibiya fure ta fara lalacewa, wannan alama ce ta ƙarshen ƙarshen lokacin hutawa. An sanya shuka a cikin ɗakin dumi da haske, an canza shi zuwa tukunyar da ta fi girma.

Girma amaryllis daga tsaba

Wannan hanyar kiwo ta sanya halayenta akan girma amaryllis:

- ba a kiyaye nau'ikan halaye na fure-fure;

- kwan fitila baya tsufa;

- shuka yana samar da furanni ne bayan shekaru 5-6.

Don wannan nau'in yaduwa, ana amfani da tsaba wanda aka zaba daga akwatin akwatin fure. Su germination bayan tarin yana har zuwa makonni 5, bushewa kuma ba a bada shawarar, in ba haka ba yawan batattu nasarar shuka ya ɓace.

Sown a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki mai narkewa, ya ƙunshi sod da ƙasa humus (ɓangare ɗaya) a hade tare da cakuda ƙasa mai yashi da yashi (sassa 2 kowanne). Tsaba suna yayyafa dan kadan - tare da wani yanki mai kusan 5 mm. Zazzabi mai dacewa - digiri 23-25. Bayan makonni 8, ana iya tsammanin harbe na farko.

Lokacin da ganye biyu suka bayyana a cikin seedling, ana jujjuya shi a cikin tukunyar 100 ml.

Kwan fitila yaduwa na amaryllis

Hanyar mafi sauki ita ce yaduwar fure daga kwararan fitila. An rarrabe su sosai daga dasa uwar yayin dasawa kuma dasa a cikin ƙasa na wannan abun da ke ciki kamar yadda girma shuka. Matasa na amaryllis suna haɓaka aiki sosai kuma cikin shekaru biyu sun kai matakin kwan fitila. Bloom a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku bayan dasa shuki.

Me yasa bazai yi fure ba

Amaryllis shine tsire-tsire mai wuya a cikin ciyawar cikin gida kuma galibi a tsakanin masoya akwai isan'uwanta masu yarda - hippeastrum. Amma duk da haka, idan kuna da wannan saukin samfurin misali na fure wanda ya ki fure, za'a iya samun dalilai masu zuwa:

• ya kasance mai daɗaɗɗiyar tukunya wacce fure yake tsiro da yara, kuma akwai wadataccen isasshen kayan fure;
• rashin mahimmancin abubuwan gina jiki;
• karancin haske a lokacin girma;
• rashin wani lokaci na hutawa;
• kasancewar cututtukan fungal ko cututtukan fata.

Cutar da kwari

Cutar cututtukan yau da kullun da matsalolin shuka shuka:

• Amaryllis ya bushe ya bushe saboda tsarin lalata;
• Blackening na furanni ya haifar da babban zafi a cikin dakin a hade tare da ƙananan yanayin zafi;
• Sannu a hankali girma da ganye fadowa a sakamakon shan kashi da wani amaryllis mealybug;
• Farar fata a kan ganye da mai tushe - Alamar bayyanar irin wannan sihiri kamar tsutsa na mealy;
• Kwararan fitila yana faruwa bayan kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayar daffodil ko alamar albasa;
• Brown launin toka akan ganye yana haifar da kwaro - garkuwar ƙarya;
• Bar juya launin rawaya Amaryllis yana faruwa tare da danshi mai laushi ƙasa, kuma tare da bayyanar aphids.

Wasu kwari ne thrips, mealy kwari.

Nau'in Amaryllis gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Amaryllis belladonna, suna na biyu suna da kyau amaryllis (Amaryllis belladonna).

Har zuwa kwanan nan, an ayyana shi azaman nau'in amaryllis. Wannan nau'ikan ana nuna shi da kwararan fitila tare da nisan mitoci na cm 8 cm da filastik marasa ganye 60-70 cm a girman .. Itace tana da murhun lemu mai tsami guda shida, launin ruwan hoda da ruwan lilac mai ƙamshi mai daɗi.

Popular irin amaryllis:

"Durban" - an bambanta shi da furanni masu kararrawa tare da farin cibiyar a ginin;

"Parker" - launi mafi mashahuri mai tsire-tsire - ruwan hoda mai zurfi tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi;

"Bangaskiya" - furanni masu ruwan hoda masu haske tare da ruwan murfin ɗumbin fure;

"Sarauniyar Snow" - farin inflorescences tare da launi mai tsami a gefuna;

"Babban" - launuka daban-daban da ba a saba dasu da sauƙin sauƙi daga ruwan hoda mai duhu zuwa fari;

"Red zaki" - furanni masu launin shuɗi mai haske;

"Minerva" - furanni masu launin ja tare da farin cibiyar a siffar tauraruwa.

Jerin da aka jera sune karamin bangare; akwai akalla nau'in 90 na wannan shuka.