Hippeastrum: bayanin, shawarwari na kulawa + kurakurai

Hippeastrum fure ne na dangin Amaryllis. Yankunan rarraba - yankuna na wurare masu zafi da ƙananan wurare na Amurka, kwari kogin Amazon. Dankin ya fara fitowa a Turai a karni na 16.

Bayanin

Furen yana matsayin perennials na bulbous. Kwan fitila yana da siffar mazugi, ya ƙunshi ɗan gajeren toka wanda ya rufe da sikeli mai rufewa. Girmanta ya dogara da nau'in shuka kuma yana iya kasancewa daga 50 zuwa 100 mm.

Fushin yana da layi-layi a sifa, tsawon 50-70 cm, an sanya shi a gefe, a cikin layi biyu. Launi mai launin kore ne, amma akwai iri tare da ganyayyaki masu kyau. Inflorescences suna da siffar laima kuma sun hada da furanni biyu zuwa shida na dukkan maza biyu.

Furanni suna cikin nau'i na bututu ko funle, launi daga ja mai duhu zuwa fari. 'Ya'yan itacen akwati ne mai tricuspid wanda aka nuna zuriyar Hippeastrum, kusan kashi 100% an lura dashi.

Kwatanta Hippeastrum da Amaryllis

Farawa farkon masu girki na fure sau da yawa basa ganin bambanci tsakanin hippeastrum da amaryllis, ko ma ɗaukar waɗannan furanni a matsayin shuka ɗaya. Wadannan wakilan flora hakika dangi ne kuma an sanya su ga dangi guda daya, amma suna da asalin daban.

Duk da irin kamannin waɗannan furanni, waɗannan tsirrai suna da bambance-bambance masu yawa:

Iri da nau'in hippeastrum

Dankin ya hada da nau'in casa'in da kusan nau'ikan 2000, amma hippeastrum hybrida (matasan) sun girma cikin mafi yawan lokuta a cikin yanayin gida. Ganin girman girma da siffar tsiron, an kirkiro keɓaɓɓen rarrabuwa a Rasha wanda ya rarraba nau'ikan furanni zuwa ƙungiyoyi 9:

Kulawar gida a lokaci daban-daban na ci gaban fure

Lokacin kula da fure a gida, ana bada shawara don kula da lokacin shekarar:

Watse

Ruwa mai yawa ana shuka tsire-tsire ne kawai a matakin fure, yayin da bai kamata a kyale ambaliyar ruwa ba. Yayin da lokacin damuwa yake gabatowa, yawan shayarwa ita ce mafi kyau a rage, kuma idan mutuwar duk wani ganye ta faru, a daina tsayawa gaba ɗaya. An ba shi izinin zuba ruwa kaɗan a cikin sump saboda tsarin tushen ya kasance cikin yanayin aiki.

A lokacin dormant, kasar gona inda aka girma fure yakamata ta bushe, saboda babban matakin danshi na iya haifar da bayyanar ƙuruciya, wanda hakan zai cutar da yanayin furanni.

Manyan miya

Ciyar da shuka ana ba da shawara nan da nan bayan ya fadada. Ana buƙatar takin ƙasa don ƙarfafa ƙarfi don shekara mai zuwa. Bayan an gama fure, ana lura da saurin girma na girma, samuwar bulbous Sikeli, wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar sabon buds. A wannan matakin, ana ba da shawara don ɗaukar furen zuwa iska mai kyau.

A cikin aiwatar da haɓaka foliage, ya kamata a ciyar da shuka sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki goma, ana ɗaukar maganin mullein mafi kyawun takin (1 lita na samfurin yana diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa mai tsabta).

Juyawa

Ana buƙatar juyawa fure fure a shekara, kawai idan an cika wannan yanayin, inji yana da ɗaukaka. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasawa ana daukar su su zama:

• kafin ajiya a hutawa;
• bayan karshen "rashin walwala";
• kafin fure;
• bayan fure (idan yana damuwa ne kawai da shuka da aka samo).

Zaɓi lokacin da ya dace da kuma yanke shawarar yin aikin dasawa, ya kamata ka fara aiwatar da jerin ayyuka:

• ana cire takaddun mutu a hankali daga kwan fitila;
• Ana nazarin rhizome, idan ya cancanta, an yanke wuraren da suka mutu ko lalatattun Tushen, ana kula da yankuna da ke da jiyya.

Soilasa don dasa shuki na hippeastrum ya kamata a zaɓi sako-sako, mai haske, tare da ƙarancin acidity da yawan adadin abubuwan gina jiki da salts na ma'adinai. Lokacin sayen ƙasa, yana da kyau a dakatar da zabi akan ƙasa don tsire-tsire mai kwan fitila, bayan wannan an haɗe shi da yashi ko vermiculite.

Tare da shirye-shiryen kai na ƙasa, haxa takarda ƙasa (sassa 3) da humus (ɓangare ɗaya).

Don haɓaka hippeastrum, tukunya mai dauke da katanga zai dace, wanda za'a iya kasancewa a nesa da kusan 3 cm daga kwan fitila .. Zaɓin ɓangaren magudanar ruwa dole ne a kasan ganga.

Lokacin dasa shuki kwan fitila, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa mafi yawansu suna kan farfajiya.

Kiwo

Hanya mafi sauƙi na yaduwar fure shine amfani da yara, amma masu lambu suna ƙara yin rarrabewar kwan fitila.

Don rarrabuwa mai inganci, wajibi ne don shirya albasa mai ƙarfi, wanda aka yanke zuwa kashi biyu don kowane ɓangaren biyu akwai adadin ƙasa da sikelin. Yankin da aka sare yana yayyafa shi da gawayi ko carbon da ke kunne. Bayan haka, ana dasa lobule a cikin cakuda peat.

Bayan kimanin watanni 2, sabbin jarirai zasuyi. Lokacin da bazara ta zo, za a buƙaci tura su cikin tukunya.

An ba da izinin shuka don yaduwa tare da taimakon tsaba, amma don samun furanni, zai zama wajibi ne a yi magudi a wucin gadi. Ya kamata a tuna cewa a cikin farkon shekaru biyu seedling kusan ba ya fure, kuma babu alamun mahaifiya a ciki.

Kula da kurakurai

Lokacin da kake kula da hippeastrum, masu nowers novice suna iya yin kuskure da yawa:

Cuta da magani

Ofayan ɗayan cututtukan haɗari masu haɗari ga hippeastrum shine ƙona wutar da kwan fitila. Idan ya bayyana fatakwal ko yaduwar launi da aka sanya, to ya kamata a yanke raunukan nan da nan. Dukkanin ganye da abin ya shafa da tsarin tushen matattun an cire su. Ana kula da duk wuraren yanki da Fundazol, Maxim ko Fitosporin. Kwan fitila da aka warke an bushe har tsawon sati guda, sannan kuma a sake dubawa domin cutarwar raunuka, idan babu, to sai a dasa kwan fitila cikin sabon tukunya.

Bugu da ƙari, tsire-tsire na iya wahala daga fusarium ko anthracnose. Jiyya tayi kama da cutar da ta gabata. Tabbatar cire duk wuraren da abin ya shafa, sannan kuma an kula da wuraren yanka tare da kayan aikin da ke ba da gudummawa ga hanzarta warkarwa.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa cututtukan an kafa su ne saboda ƙasan da ba a zaɓa ba, abubuwan da suka wuce haddi na nitrogen, rashin cika ka'idojin ban ruwa, da kuma rashin walƙiya.

Idan duk waɗannan halaye sun cika daidai, to, tsire-tsire zai faranta wa masu rai rai na dogon lokaci tare da bayyanar lafiya da kyakkyawan fure.