Peperomia asalin halittar ganye ne na ganye wanda ke da dangin barkono. Babban sunan peperomia yayi magana game da dangi: pepero - barkono, omos - mai kama.
Bayanin
Peperomia wata itaciya ce mai tsiro mai girman 15 cm zuwa rabin mitoci tare da ganye mai laushi. Launi na ganye yana iya zama launuka iri-iri, tare da rariyoyi ko aibobi, haka kuma ba tare da su ba. Peperomia blooms a cikin bazara - a farkon bazara, a ƙarshen fure bushe ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa an kafa.
Halittar yana da girma sosai: a cewar wasu rahotanni, ya haɗa da kusan nau'ikan 1,500. Wakilan daji a cikin yanayi suna girma a cikin inuwar dazuzzukan daji na Amurka da Asiya.
Nau'in Peperomia
Peperomia shuka ne na ampel, saboda haka ana yin amfani dashi sau da yawa don ƙirƙirar abubuwan haɗin keɓaɓɓu kuma ana yaba masu ado sosai. Akwai nau'ikan ado iri da iri.
Mafi mashahuri daga gare su:
| Dubawa | Bayanin |
| Wrinkled (alagammana) | Plantan ƙaramin tsire-tsire m (girma har zuwa 10 cm) tare da ganye mai karammiski a cikin siffar zuciya. An wrinkled, tare da veins launin ruwan kasa a garesu. Akwai iri iri tare da jan ganye. Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan shine Lillian caperata. |
| Kankana (azurfa) | Itatuwa mai kusan babu mai tushe. Fleshy mai haske ganye an haɗe su zuwa dogon tsintsiya (10-12 cm). A launi ne kore tare da ratsi haske, yana kama da launi na kankana, wanda fure ta sami suna na biyu. |
| Tupolate | Itace har zuwa 30 cm high, tare da manyan duhu kore ganye, fleshy, m da sosai m. Ba ya fure. Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan: variegate, alba. Tsakaninsu ya bambanta da canza launi na ganye. |
| Karammiski | Yana girma zuwa cm 50. Gwal mai duhu mai duhu mai duhu, yana barin mafi yawan lokuta ma. Tsarin ganye yana da elongated, m tare da jijiyoyin wuta mai sauƙi. |
| Round-leaved (monolithic, rotundifolia) | Ampel ƙananan nau'in-leaved. Creeping harbe na haske launin ruwan kasa an rufe da kananan zagaye ganye na haske kore launi. Wannan nau'in bashi da sauran lokacin hutu a cikin sake zagayowar. |
| Likean wasa kamar | Tall a tsaye daji. Fasalin: launi mai haske na ganye. A tsakiyar su launin kore ne mai duhu, kusa da gefen launi na iya zama ja, ruwan hoda, rawaya ko shunayya. |
| Leafy | Ampel shuka tare da ganye elongated mai wuya. Ganyen yana da fata, koren duhu. |
| Ganyen Magnolia | Sunaye saboda kama da ganye tare da Magnolia. Stemsaƙƙarfa mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda ya kai tsayinsa zuwa 40 cm. A cikin siffofin da aka keɓance da juna, suna fita tare da gefen rawaya mai haske. |
| Chisel (dolabriformis) | A low shuka (har zuwa rabin mita) tare da sabon abu fleshy ganye kama fis kwasfa. Gangar jikin da kuma ganye mai haske kore ne. Mafi mashahuri nau'in: wake mai farin ciki, ferreira, nivalis. |
| Creeping (Prostratum, Creeping, Skandens) | Epiphytus. Ganyen suna kanana, zagaye a tsari, wanda aka girka akan gajerun tsummoki. Launi mai duhu ne kore mai haske. |
| Shugaban (glabella) | Ra'ayin Ampelic. Drooping ko creeping harbe har zuwa 20 cm tsawo, an rufe shi da fleshy zagaye ganye na haske kore launi. |
| Rosso | ,Arancin, m shrub. Ba ya fure. Ganyen yana da launi daban-daban: a saman farantin ganye, launin ya zama kore, kuma a ƙasa - burgundy. |
| Zina | M, bayyananne mai ban tsoro. Drooping harbe tare da manyan ganyen launin toka-koren launi. Eningaukar ganye tare da whorl. |
| Grey-mai gashi | A cikin yanayin, yayi girma a kan dutse mai faɗi a cikin Brazil. An rufe ganye masu kyau da ƙananan gashin gashi masu launin fari. |
| Girma | A low shuka tare da fleshy mai haske ganye. The underside ne burgundy, saman ne kore. Nasara. |
| Yarancin ganye (polybotry, reindrop) | Wani nau'in halittar da ba a taɓa gani ba, ganyen suna kama da lililin ruwa. Tsayin Bush daga 20 zuwa 50 cm. |
Kwanan nan, Peperomia Mix ya bayyana a cikin shagunan fure. Wannan ba iri-iri ne irin wannan ba, amma akwai nau'ikan ƙaramin nau'in shuka da aka dasa a cikin akwati ɗaya.
Abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da kulawar peperomia a gida
Peperomia ba shi da ma'anar, amma ya kamata a haifa da hankali:
- Ieanyan launuka daban-daban sun fi son haske, launin kore gaba ɗaya more gamsuwa a cikin inuwa m ko a ƙarƙashin ikon wutan lantarki. Fiye da launi da ganye, da peperomia fi son inuwa.
- Dukkan nau'in (banda ɗan nesa) suna son zafi mai kusan kusan 50%.
- Ba a yarda da haƙar marassa nauyi ba.
- Yayi kyau a dafa abinci.
- Sakamakon sha'awar tushen ya lalace, ba za ku iya ruwa ta kwanon rufi ba.
Kulawar yanayi: tebur
| Sigogi | Lokacin bazara | Lokacin sanyi |
| Wuri | Window yana fuskantar yamma ko gabas. Ana buƙatar kariya daga zafin rana. A cikin hunturu, za a iya sake sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan zuwa windows windows, in ba haka ba za su ji rauni saboda rashin haske. | |
| Zazzabi | +20 ... +24 ° C | + 18 ... +20 ° C |
| Haske | Dogaro da shuka iri-iri. | |
| Watse | Matsakaici, mai da hankali kan bushe ƙasa. | |
| Taki | Sau 2 a wata | Sau daya a wata |
Dankin yana da matukar tsayayya da zazzabi. Idan tukunya tana tsaye a kan taga, to, a cikin hunturu ya fi kyau a sanya mai wuta a ƙarƙashinsa.
Duk da asalinsa na wurare masu zafi, peperomia ba ta neman sawa. Sau da yawa ana buƙatar su ne kawai a cikin yanayin zafi. Withan bambanta da ganye mai launin shuɗi kamar shafa tare da rigar Disc.
Kasar bukatun, hadi
Hadaddun kulawar gida ya ta'allaka ne da zaɓin ƙasa. Mafi sau da yawa, abubuwa daban-daban sun dace da nau'in peperomia daban-daban. Dalilin kowane saiti ya kamata ya zama sashin yumɓu. Abun da yakamata yakamata ya zama tsaka tsaki, cikin ingancin kusa da gauraya don ficus ko dabino. Rashin iska yana ƙarancin tsaka tsaki ko tsaka tsaki.
Don peperomia, cakuda ƙasa dole ne ya kasance mai numfashi da sako-sako. Wasu nau'ikan an shuka su cikin hydroponics.
Ya isa zuwa takin kowane mako biyu a cikin bazara da bazara kuma sau ɗaya a wata a cikin lokacin sanyi. Duk wani takin zamani na ma'adinai ya dace, yayin da kashi dole sai an rage shi sau 2. Tushen Peperomia suna da matukar damuwa, saboda haka an gabatar da kayan miya kawai tare da ruwa na farko.
Watse
Wannan shuka an daidaita shi da rayuwa tare da ƙarancin ƙasa, don haka yakamata ya zama ya zama matsakaici. Kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan yanayin ƙasa, ruwa kawai tare da busassun saman Layer (aƙalla 3 cm). A lokacin bazara kusan minti 1 ne cikin kwanaki 10 a cikin hunturu, lokaci 1 cikin makonni 2-3. Ruwa ya zama mai taushi da ɗumi fiye da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin. Bayan wani lokaci, ya zama dole a cire magudanar ruwa daga kwanon.
Juyawa
Mitar sauyawa ya dogara da shekaru da nau'in. Kowace shekara, kawai matasa tsire-tsire har zuwa shekaru 3. Manyan-leaved - ba fiye da sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu, ƙarami-leaved - sau ɗaya a shekara. Lokaci mafi dacewa shine bazara.
Daga peperomia yana da sauki a fahimci cewa lokaci ya yi da za a canza wuri: shuka ya daina yin girma, tushen kuma ya yi girma ta ramuka.
Tushen tushen wannan fure yana ƙarami, saboda haka tukunya ya cancanci zaɓi ƙarami. Sabon akwati yakamata ya wuce tsohon dutsen da kusan sau 1.5. Tunda tushen peperomia yayi girma a hankali, tukunya da yawa da yawa ba a son su. Lokacin dasawa, yana da matukar muhimmanci a samar da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Zafin aƙalla cm 6 Bayan riƙe akwati na tsawon makonni 2 a cikin inuwa m. Lokacin da shuka ya fita, mayar da shi zuwa inda ya saba.
Kiwo
Sake bugun wannan shuka ana yin ta ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- tsirarwa (iri);
- yanke;
- rabuwa da daji yayin dasawa.
Hanyar samarwa
Dace da nau'in fure. Ana adana tsaba cikakke a cikin duhu mai sanyi har sai lokacin bazara. Tsarin aiki
- shirye-shiryen ƙasa (cakuda yashi mai ruɓi da kayan maye na duniya);
- sanya ƙasa a cikin kwandon m, zubar;
- watsa tsaba a farfajiya kuma yayyafa da karamin Layer na duniya;
- rufe tare da gilashi ko fim da wuri a cikin wurin mai haske, mai dumi. Idan za ta yiwu, samar da dumama;
- iska ta yau da kullun tsawon mintuna 5;
- lokacin bushe ƙasa don fesa;
- lokacin da samar da mutum 2 ya bar ganye.
Yankan
Yanke zai iya zama ganye kuma daga tushe. Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce cewa shuka yana yin tushe a kowane lokaci na shekara. Lokacin zabar hannun, yana da daraja kula da kasancewar wuraren da ake haɓakawa, yayin da ake da su, hakan yana da damar samun tushe.
Muhimmi: Don yaduwa, koda ganyaye daga tsararren tsire ya dace.
An sanya daskararren ruwan a cikin ruwan dumi ko yashi rigar. Lokacin amfani da ruwa, matashin yana nutsarwa ba fiye da mm 3-5 ba, in ba haka ba lalata zai fara. Don saurin aiwatar da tsari, an rufe akwati da gilashi ko fim. Matsakaicin, yana ɗaukar kimanin wata guda don tushen. 
Farfagandar ta yanke
Raba Bush
An raba daji kawai tare da dasa tsire-tsire. Hanyar iri ɗaya ce kamar yadda aka saba, kawai ana ƙara ɓangaren tushen tushen. Ana yin wannan mafi kyau tare da wuka mai kaifi, a yanka sassan da gawayi.
Karin kwari da kurakurai a cikin peperomia girma
| Alamun waje akan ganye | Dalili | Hanyoyin jiyya |
| Bayyanar launin rawaya, launin rawaya. | Ciyar da takin zamani. | Dasawa tare da cikakken canji na ƙasa. |
| Gashi mai duhu. | Temperaturearancin zafin jiki ko daftarin. | Yi ƙaura zuwa wurin da yafi dacewa. |
| Rashin hankali. | Haske mai yawa | Shade ko kaura zuwa wani wuri. |
| Girma a ƙasa. | Ambaliya | Shuka tare da cikakken sauyawa ƙasa. |
| Shuka inji a cikin haske al'ada. | Rotting daga cikin tushen. | Canza zuwa cikin sabuwar ƙasa tare da maganin farko na tushen (kurkura, cire wuraren da suka lalace, bi da gawayi). |
| Curvature, rashin girma a cikin shuka da aka saya kwanan nan. | Kwayar cutar dwarf. | Ba a kula da cutar ba. |
| Gizo gizo gizo. | Buga | Bi da tare da magani, ƙara zafi. |
| Farin farin | Macijin ciki. | Shafa wuraren da lalatattu tare da kushin auduga a cikin barasa. Sauya kasar gona. |
| Fadowa. | Watering wucewa. | Canza tsarin shayarwa. |
| Fadowa a cikin hunturu. | Temperaturearancin zafin jiki | Matsar da fure zuwa wurin da yake warmer, rufe tukunyar. |
| Bayyanar wuraren da suka mutu, suna kumburi a kan tushen sa. | Nematodes. | Minti 30 na wanka mai zafi (+40 ° C); bi da maganin kashe kwari. |
| Flats tsiro (kuma a kan kara). | Garkuwa. | Bi da tare da giya soapy ko kwari. |
Mista Dachnik yayi bayani: fa'idodi ko lahani na peperomia
Wannan fure ba kawai kyakkyawa bane, har ma yana da amfani. Ganyenta na fitar da wani abu na musamman wanda ke kashe streptococci da staphylococci. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa idan yana cikin ɗakin, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin iska ya ragu da kashi 50-70%, wanda yake da amfani musamman a cikin ɗakunan yara. Kuma a cewar shahararrun camfe-camfen, peperomia “fure ne na ƙauna”, yana sa mutane su so su kula da ƙaunatattun kuma su kiyaye su. Akwai tabbataccen alama: peperomia ya bayyana a cikin gidan - jira kyawawan canje-canje a rayuwa.
