Cattleya Orchid: bayanin, nau'ikan, kulawa

Cattleya na gidan Orchid ne. Wannan itace itaciyar mai fure mai tushe. A yanayi, yayi girma a cikin gandun daji na Amurka, a Caribbean. Yawancin nau'ikan suna girma a cikin gidaje da katako.

Bayanin

A cikin yanayin halitta, tsire-tsire suna girma akan kansu ko kuma suna haɗe da bishiyoyi, duwatsu. Ana iya samun furanni a matakin teku ko a kan kankara. Cattleya yana da pseudobulbs tare da biyu, uku internodes rike daya ko biyu zanen gado. Ana kirkiro sabon harbe a gindin bara, saboda wannan furen yana girma a faɗin.

Alamar gama gari na kowane nau'in Cattleya

A inflorescence ne apical da daya toho ko tserese, fitowa daga ganye sinus, an rufe shi da faranti ganye girma a gindi. Kara mai juyayi ne, mai cike da tsari ne. Karamin shuka yana da maki dayawa girma. A kan lokaci, kawai babban hanyar tsira ya rage, sauran sun mutu.

Oraya ko biyu kunkuntar, zanen gado a ɓoye cikin abin da ake magana dashi. Tafarnuka masu laushi ne, fleshy ko fata, ba mai lanƙwasa lokacin girma. Cattleya ya faru:

• m tare da fleshy, spindle-dimbin yawa kwararan fitila tare da ganye guda;
• bifolia tare da elongated, kwararan fitila tare da ganye biyu ko fiye.

Dukkanin kwararan fitila na karya suna da alaƙa da tsarin tushe. Tana da fure mai iska mai jan iska, wacce ta dace da girma a tsaunika ko akan bishiyoyi. Ana iya kasancewa a saman ƙasa ko zurfi a cikin ƙasa.

Yawo yana wuce har zuwa makonni huɗu, tsawon lokacin ya dogara da nau'ikan orchids. Akwai nau'ikan furanni masu fure har ma da bazara da hunturu.

Budurwa da fure uku da adadin lambobin guda ɗaya. Akwai abin da ake kira “lebe”. Wannan shine fure na tsakiya a cikin nau'i mai ruɗa ko bututu tare da inuwa mai haske fiye da sauran, tare da gefen baki.

Kewaya Corolla daga 'yan mm zuwa 30 cm (ya danganta da nau'ikan Cattleya). Launin launuka launin ruwan hoda, Lilac, rasberi, dusar ƙanƙara fari. A matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai akalla pseudobulbs huɗu a cikin orchid, waɗanda aka fara yin fure da bi da bi. Furen Cattleya suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Yanke buds basa shudewa na dogon lokaci koda babu ruwa.

Babban nau'ikan

Cattleya yana da nau'ikan 180. Wadanda akafi amfani dasu sune:

Yanayin Cattleya girma

Domin Cattleya ta bunkasa cikin sauri kuma tana da ƙarfi, tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi masu zuwa a cikin gida:

Cattleya saukowa da fasalin juji

A cikin yanayin halitta, orchid ya girma akan bishiyoyi, don haka don dasa, haushi (zai fi dacewa coniferous) da moss-sphagnum ana amfani dashi azaman madadin. Kashi na farko yana soyayye tsawon kwanaki don mafi kyawun riƙe danshi. Dukkanin kayan haɗin an murƙushe, kumfa da perlite an haɗa su a cakuda. Hakanan zaka iya sayan ƙasar da aka yi don orchids a kantin sayar da kayan sana'a.

Cattleya yana da wuyar jure saukowa da kwanciyar hankali, saboda haka ana iya rikita shi a cikin matsanancin yanayi. Lokacin da ya cika da wuya a cikin tukunya, tushen tsarin zai fara jujjuyawa ko kuma shuka ya sake haɗuwa.

Idan dasawa ya zama dole, yana da kyau a yi shi a cikin bazara, lokacin da aka kirkiro matakai akan kwararan fitila. A wannan lokacin, harbe suna ƙanana, haɗarin lalacewar su ba ƙima ba ne.

Saukowa a cikin kwantena daban-daban

Varietiesananan nau'in matasan Cattleya, ba wanda ya fi girma 10 cm, ci gaba sosai a cikin lambunan gilashin - florariums. Saukowa kamar haka:

• Ana shirya Florarium: akwatin kifin, gilashi, gilashin fure (kowane akwati gilashin) ana amfani dashi.
• Za a shimfiɗa duwatsun a ƙasa.
• An zubar da haushi da aka yanka (guda 2 cm).
• Ana amfani da murfin farin ciki na rigar sphagnum daskararre.
• An sanya orchid a saman, an gyara shi tare da sandunansu na bakin ciki.
• Abun an haɗa shi da wasu tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya wanda ya dace da florarium (Fittonia da sauransu).
• An yi wa ado da abubuwan ado.

Idan an yi dasa a cikin tukunya, to, lokacin zabar shi, kuna buƙatar kula da samun iska. Itace tana son iskar, idan bata da amfani, zata mutu. Don tukwanen yumɓu da tukwane na filastik filastik sun dace.

Amfani da kayan farko shine na halitta. Ceramics suna kiyaye tsarin tushe daga canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi. Koyaya, rayuwar sabis na wannan tukunyar ba ta daɗewa: a cikin shekaru uku zuwa huɗu zai fara lalacewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ruwa, saboda yaduwar tushen sa. Al'adun filayen filayen filastik ana kwatanta su da ƙananan farashi, fannoni daban-daban na inuwa, siffofi. Bugu da kari, irin wannan tukunya zai daɗe fiye da na yumɓu.

Saukowa kamar haka:

• A kasan, malalen tsakuwa ko kuma yumbu da aka shimfiɗa an shimfiɗa su tare da Layer of 2 cm.
• Za a zuba kwararar haushi da moss-sphagnum na manyan juzu'i.
• Ana sanya fure a saman, an shimfiɗa murfin substrate tare da ƙananan guda na kayan haɗin gabobin.
• An sanya tukunyar a kan tire.

Yanayin hurawa

Cattleya yana fure idan ya girma. Girman kwan fitila na karya a cikin samfuran balagagge ya bambanta dangane da iri-iri, daga 8 zuwa 20 cm. Idan akwai tushen rayuwa akan pseudobulbs, aƙalla kwan fitila tare da murfin, to, orchid zai yi fure.

Abubuwan da ake bukata:

• Ba za a iya cimma ruwa a cikin kwarin gefen arewa ba. Cattleya yana buƙatar rana. Ana bada shawara don fallasa shuka zuwa haskoki na ultraviolet da safe da maraice. A lokacin rana, ba za a iya yin wannan ba, zaku iya ƙona ganye.
• Dole ne a shayar da fure akai-akai. A lokacin rani, ƙasa tana danshi sau biyu ko sau uku a mako, sau ɗaya a wata ana sanya ta ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka. Idan babu wannan, shuka ba zai yi girma da kyau ba; a sakamakon haka, babu furanni. Koyaya, Cattleya na iya mutuwa daga yawan danshi. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa substrate ya bushe tsakanin ruwa.
• A lokacin haɓaka mai aiki, furen yana buƙatar miya babba. Kowane wata, taki don orchids tare da ƙaramin taro na phosphorus da potassium ana ƙara shi cikin ruwa don ban ruwa. Bayan samuwar buds, miya ta tsaya.
• Bambancin yau da kullun a cikin zafin jiki na dare da rana ba kasa da +5 ºС.

Lokacin hutawa

Idan fure ya kasance a cikin kaka, to, shuka za ta kasance cikin rashin himma har sai lokacin bazara. A wannan lokacin, orchid dole ne ya ba da kulawa ta dace.

A lokacin dormancy, an sake sarrafa orchid a cikin ɗakuna mai sanyi. Hasken wutar lantarki cikakke ne, kuma an rage adadin yawan ruwa zuwa sau biyu a wata. Hakanan ba'a ba da shawarar yayyafa ba: don sanya iska, ya isa ya sanya kwandon shara tare da daskararren yumbu ko gansakuka kusa da shi.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Cattleya ya yadu ta rarraba daji da yara. Ana yin wannan da wuya ta zuriya, tun da yake seedlings suna da wahalar girma, kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin ya yi fure.

An raba itacen daji na orchid da aka dasa a cikin tukwane daban-daban. Yana faruwa kamar haka:

• An shayar da shuka sosai kuma an bar shi tsawon awa uku zuwa hudu. Lokacin da ƙasa ta jike gaba daya, an cire orchid a hankali.
• Rhizome an wanke shi da ruwa mai ɗumi, ana cire ragowar ƙasa daga ayyukan.
• An raba daji zuwa sassa ta kayan kima. Kowane tsage yana da daga kwararan fitila 3 da tushen rayuwa. Wuraren buhunan yanki an yanka su ta hanyar gawayi gawayi.
• Sabbin bushes ana shuka su cikin tukwane daban.

Cattleya yana da alaƙa da samuwar yara. Lokacin da babu, ana bada shawara don amfani da manunin cytokinin don haɓaka haɓaka. Sake bugun yana faruwa kamar haka:

• An yanke tsari na 'ya mace daga daji uwa. An ɗauki ɗan jaririn sosai, yana da tushen rai da ganye.
• Itatuwan ya tsiro sosai tsawon sa'o'i da yawa a Kornevin.
• An dasa harbe a cikin tukunya da haushi da gansakuka.
• Ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki da aka ba da shawarar (+ 22 ... +30 ºС) a cikin ɗakin, an ƙirƙiri hasken da aka watsa, ƙasa tana danshi.

Kurakurai a kulawar Cattleya da kawar dasu

Tare da kurakurai a cikin abun ciki, shuka ya fara rauni kuma yana iya mutuwa. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar sanin menene yanayin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na orchid wanda yake da alaƙa don kawar da kasawar a kan kari.

Cutar da kwari

Cattleya yana ƙarƙashin waɗannan cututtuka:

Sakewa

Rashin kuskure yayin barin gida, cututtuka da yawa da lalacewar kwari suna haifar da mutuwar rhizome. Dankin yana buƙatar sake farfadowa. An samar dashi kamar haka:

• Furen yana tsoma kullun cikin ruwa tsawon awa biyu.
• Bayan bayyanar Tushen, sai an daina amfani da manipulations.
• Lokacin da harbe uku na farko suka girma zuwa 6 cm, ana shuka shuka a cikin tukunyar kunkuntar.

Tashewa na iya wuce makonni da yawa ko ma shekara guda. An bada shawarar yin motsa jiki a cikin lokacin dumi ko a cikin yanayin greenhouse a zazzabi na + 20 ... +25 ºС.