Kwanan dabino yana jan hankalin mutane a cikin tsakiyar ɗakuna daban-daban. Yanzu akwai damar da za ku shuka itace da kanku. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar koyon dabarun fasaha na aikin gona kuma tsarin ba ze da rikitarwa. Ba kowa bane ke da daman siyan shuka da ya ƙare, amma don bunkasa ranakun haƙiƙa ne. Mafi m, ba zai ba da 'ya'ya ba, amma zai yi ado da ciki na gida, ofis, gidan ƙasa.
Ana ɗaukar itatuwan dabino wata alama ce ta haihuwa da karɓar baƙi tsakanin mutanen duniya daban-daban. A zamanin da, ana kiranta '' sarauniyar man shafawa '' da kuma 'abincin jeji'. A inji shi ne Hardy kuma zai iya daidaita da zuwa rufaffiyar ƙasa.
Nau'in kwanakin da za a iya girma daga tsaba
Akwai nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu shigowa. Bred by fiye da dubu iri na shayarwa.
A gida, uku daga cikinsu ana iya girma daga tsaba:
- Canary - ya girma har zuwa 15 m, tare da akwati ɗaya. Bambanci a cikin orange, ƙananan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
- Palmate - a cikin shagunan 'ya'yan itace da wannan iri ana sayar. Gangar jikinta ana fallasa kullun a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, yana girma har zuwa 15-20 m.
- Robelena - tana da gangar jikin da yawa, tana da fruitsa fruitsan baƙi, ba ta da sheƙa zuwa mita biyu. Ana iya girma a gida.
Yadda ake girma kwanakin daga dutse
Girma dabino daga kashi a gida zai yi tsawo, zaku jira 'yan shekaru don sha'awar kyakkyawan itace. Ta ganye zai bayyana a shekara ta uku, da shuka blooms wuya wuya. Tsawon shekaru zai kai mita biyu.
Zabi da kuma shirin dasa kayan
Ba abu bane mai sauki ka zabi kwanan wata don dabino na gaba; ba kowa bane ke tsiro. Don haɓaka, ana buƙatar 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ba su kula da zafin zafi ba (sabo ko busasshe), in ba haka ba ba za su yi girma ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen dabino sun ƙunshi babban da ƙashi mai ƙarfi. Ta riƙe germination shekaru. Ana sayar da kwanuka duk shekara, don dasawa kana buƙatar ɗaukar piecesan guda.
Kowane ɗayan farko yana bincika hankali, magance lahani, lalacewa ta hanyar kwari, cututtuka.
Kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata ka:
- Kurkura a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudana kuma cire kowane ɓangaren litattafan almara.
- Sanya cikin gilashin ruwa a zazzabi a daki (canza sau da yawa).
- Cire sauran ɓangaren litattafan almara, bayan kumburi yana da sauƙin yi.
- Kurkura
- Bada izinin bushewa.
- Sanya murfin kwanan wata a cikin thermos tare da ruwa mai narkewa na kwanaki biyu kuma ƙara humate (graan hatsi).
- Sanya tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai laushi (sawdust, peat, yashi daidai). Don rigakafin cututtuka, dole ne a yayyafa shi tare da ƙwayar potassium ko doused tare da ruwan zãfi, calcined a cikin tanda. Tsarin Layer bai wuce 8 cm ba.
- A tsakiyar, yi hutu, tsaye sanya zuriyar zuwa zurfin sau 1.5 girmanta.
- Yayyafa, sa gansakuka a saman.
- Rufe gangaren da aka sanya tare da polyethylene.
- Fesa kasar gona a kai a kai, ba ruwa.
- Kula da zafin jiki na + 35 ° C.
- Bayan fitowar harbe don cire fim.
- Ruwa matsakaici.
Fitar da kashi ba abu bane mai sauki, ana daukar watanni 2-3, wani lokacin yana daukar karin lokaci.
Don hanzarta aiwatar da kashi, yakamata a ɗauki kashi mafi matakan tsattsauran ra'ayi:
- Ka zube saman zuriya tare da allura.
- Yi tafiya akan shi tare da sandpaper.
- Yi yanka tare da ruwa.
- Zuba ruwan zãfi.
Bayan haka, sanya kasusuwa a cikin ulu mai auduga mai laushi, saka shi a cikin gilashi, rufe shi. Ka adana kwanukan su daɗaɗa: (akan batir, akan taga rana). Kar a bushe. Idan ana so, maye gurbin auduga tare da sawki, hydrogel. Bayan kumburi, jujjuya.
Florists amfani da wata hanyar iri germination a cikin vermiculite (cakuda na musamman ga tsire-tsire). An shuka kashi zuwa zurfin haɓakarsa ko a cikin tasa daban ko a cikin kwandon gama gari. Tare da rufe fim ko gilashi. Sama sau biyu a rana don cire wuce haddi condensate. A kai a kai suna shayar kamar yadda suke bushe, kar a takin. Zuwa lokacin da tsiron yakai 4 cm.
Asirin shuka da kuma kulawa da su
Don dasawa, suna ɗaukar kasusuwa hacked tare da ganyen farko.
Dasa shuka
Ana sanya lingsyan itace ta amfani da ƙasar inda tsaba suka yi girma. Shirya tukunya mai zurfi daban-daban ga kowane. Madadin an yi shi ne daga cakuda ciyawa, ganye, yumɓu yumbu, humus a sashi ɗaya da ½ ɓangare na peat da yashi. Sanya gawayi da aka murƙushe. Ruwan magudanar ruwa mai kauri 2 cm da aka yi da yumɓu da gawayi. Lokaci na gaba da za'a sake dasa shuka lokacin da ganye na farko ya zama 15 cm tsayi. Sun saka cikin daki mai haske.
Ranar girma dabino
Bayan dasa shuki seedlings, suna buƙatar kulawa da yarda da hasken, zafi, zazzabi.
| Sigogi | Yanayi |
| Haske / Wuri | Rarraba haske, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Don ɗauka zuwa titi a lokacin bazara lokacin da aka kafa zafin jiki + 15 ° С. Dakin yana gabas, bangarorin yamma. A cikin hunturu, ana buƙatar awannin hasken rana har zuwa awanni 12 (don wannan, shigar da phytolamps). Don haɓaka uniform, jujjuya 180 a kowane mako biyu. Dole ne a kwantar da dakin, a guji zane-zane. |
| Girman Zazzabi | + 20 ... +25 ° С a lokacin bazara. + 12 ... +16 ° С - a cikin hunturu. Jin zafi 50-60%, fesa sau ɗaya a kowace kwana bakwai. Shafa ganye tare da damp zane. |
| Watse | A lokacin rani sau 3-4 a mako, zuba ruwa mai laushi. Yi wanka mai zafi. Cire ruwa daga cikin kwanon rufi, shafa ƙasa. Yi amfani da ruwa +30 ° C, zauna. A cikin hunturu, bayan bushewa, zuba ruwa sau ɗaya a mako. |
| Manyan miya | A cikin tsawon girma 2-3 ga wata daya, takin tare da gaurayawar ruwa na dabino na dabino a gindin da kan ganye. Yi amfani da tsullolin kaza 1: 3, sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki goma. A cikin kaka - sau ɗaya a mako, a cikin hunturu - sau ɗaya a wata. |
Canza kananan dabino na dabino
Lokacin da ɗan dabino ya girma zuwa 15 cm, ana dasa shi, sannan ana yin shi kowace shekara tare da ƙasa (tushen sa yana da matukar rauni) a cikin watan Afrilu, sannan kowace shekara uku. A cikin tsire-tsire girmi shekaru 10, an canza saman. Rana kafin, suna shan ruwa a ƙasa. Ruwan bulo (bulo, yumɓu mai yumɓu) an sanya shi a ƙasan babban tukunya; abin da ya ƙunshi ƙasa ba ya canzawa. An zaɓi kwanon girma 4 cm mafi girma fiye da na baya. An cire dabino daga tsohuwar tukunyar a hankali, tana ƙoƙarin kada ta lalata tushen da ganyayyaki, girgiza ƙasa, saka cikin wani akwati, cika voids da ƙasa.
Ba za ku iya yanke saman ba kuma ku samar da kambi kusa da dabino, itaciya ce ta haɓaka itace, lalace ne kuma an cire tsoffin ganye
Cututtuka da Kwanan wata cuta
An bayyana bayyanar kwari da cututtuka ta alamun da ke tafe:
| Kwaro / Cuta | Alamu | Matakan sarrafawa |
| Spider mite | Rawaya mai launin toka, launin toka ya bayyana, to sai faman gizo. | Don aiwatar da jiko na tafarnuwa, kwasfa albasa ko Actellik, Fitoverma. |
| Garkuwa | Brown, aibobi masu launin rawaya a kan shuka, m ganye. | Yi amfani da kayan aikin don magance matsalar gizo-gizo. |
| Macijin ciki | Bar bushe da bushe. | Don aiwatar da maganin sabulu, sai a fesa Aktara, Calypso. |
| Thrips | Haske ya bar sama, launin ruwan kasa a ƙasa. | Fesa tare da Topsin, Fitosporin. |
| Pink Rot | Bar laushi. | Cire wuraren da abin ya shafa kuma ka yi maganin tare da tagulla. |
| Spotting | Abubuwan taurari suna fitowa kusa da jijiyoyin, baƙar fata kan lokaci. | Bi da Mancozeb, Ridomil da rage ruwa. |
Matsaloli a cikin kwanan wata girma daga dutse
Idan baku cika ka'idodin kulawa ba, kwanan wata zai faɗi rashin lafiya:
- Nasihun bushewa - ƙarancin danshi, galibi ya yadu da shuka.
- Ganyen rawaya - rashi mai laushi, haɓaka ruwa.
- Ganyayyaki duhu - mai yawa sosai, a yanka, a yanka.
- Girma ya tsaya - dakin yayi sanyi. Idan dalilin ruwa ne mai wuya - dasawa.
- Rawaya, launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyayyaki, sai su juya, bushe fita - rashi na potassium. Feed tare da potassium humate, itace ash.
- Abubuwan haske masu launin rawaya a gefuna - ƙananan magnesium. Magara magnesium sulfate zuwa ƙasa.
- Bar haskakawa, da shuka tsaya a nan ba girma - rashi nitrogen. Takin da ammonium nitrate, taki.
- Chlorosis na ganye shine rashin manganese. Sanya sulfate manganese. Ciyar da itacen tare da taki da ya dace.
Wata Hanyar yaduwa ta Zamani
Baya ga tsaba, akwai wata hanyar da za a yadu da dabino na kwanan wata - hanyoyin da ba su bayyana a cikin dukkan nau'in halitta ba. Ana yin wannan idan akwai asalin tushen. Yanke harbe tare da wuka mai kaifi ba tare da taɓa akwati ba. Dasawa zuwa cikin ƙasa don shuka. Rufe kwanaki da yawa tare da fim.
Bayanin janar gaba ɗaya
Itace kwanan wata daga dangin Palm ke tsiro a Indiya, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Tunisiya, Tsibirin Canary, Iran, Maroko. Itace dabino ya fi son yanayin juzu'i da yanayin dumin yanayi, gangar jikin ke tsiro zuwa 30 m, diamita na 80 cm, itaciyar tana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 150. Ganyayyaki suna pinnate, mai lankwasa har zuwa 5 m a tsawon, 12 sabon girma a cikin shekara guda, babu wasu rassa. Inflorescences suna da tsawon mita tare da furanni na maza da mata, an samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu gina jiki daga kwai mace. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne ake ci, dabbobi masu ciyar da su, ana fitar da su zuwa wasu ƙasashe.
