Tumatir tushen asalin abubuwan abinci masu gina jiki ne. A cewar wasu lambu novice lambu, duk kula da tumatir kunshi a cikin weeding dace, watering, kai miya. Amma don girbi girbi mai yawa, wannan bai isa ba.
Tasirin fasahar aikin gona kan girma da haɓakar tumatir
Akwai hanyoyin da yawa da ke kula da waɗannan tsirrai, kuma, ga kowane iri daban-daban. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga yanayin girma - greenhouse ko a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Anan kuna buƙatar zaɓar ba kawai hanyoyin da suka dace ba, amma har da nau'in tsaba. Yawancinsu sun dace kawai don takamaiman yanayi, akwai tumatir na duniya da suka dace da katako da kuma ƙasa buɗe, gami da yanayin yanayi daban-daban.
Babban halaye don fasaha mai kyau na noma lokacin shuka tumatir:
- zabar nau'in da ya dace yayin sayen tsaba wanda ya dace da yankin da yanayin girma;
- ingantaccen shiri na tsaba kafin dasa shuki - jiyya tare da masu lalata, abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka;
- ƙirƙirar yanayi masu dacewa don shuka - takin ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen hasken wuta, ingantaccen yanayin zafin jiki, yin ruwa na yau da kullun;
- zaɓi na wurin gado, namo, takin zamani;
- ingantaccen dasa bishiyoyi a wuri na dindindin;
- ruwa, karin takin zamani na lokaci-lokaci;
- lura da bushes daga cututtuka da kwari;
- loosening na kasar gona da weeding;
- samuwar bushes, garter, pinching - don nau'ikan tsayi wajibi ne, don low da matsakaici-sized ne kyawawa;
- ƙarin matakan sun hada da mulching, murfin wucin gadi tare da fim yayin daskarewa, dasa shuki a kusa da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke warware kwari.
Muhimmancin wuri lokacin tumatir girma
Lokacin zabar wani shafi, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da cewa tumatir suna ƙaunar rana kuma basu jure ruwa ba. Suna buƙatar kasancewa a kan tuddai tare da gangara zuwa arewa maso yamma.
Masana ba su bada shawarar yin madarar wannan shuka tare da wasu albarkatu da masara. Mafi kyawun kayan abinci sune kayan lambu kamar cucumbers, albasa, zucchini da kabeji. A cikin kore, ana shuka tumatir a jere.
Selectionasa zaɓi da shiri
Tumatir za a iya girma a cikin nau'ikan ƙasa da yawa, duk ya dogara da yawan aikin shirya:
- kasar gona dole ne ta kasance sako-sako da wadataccen abinci, saboda haka dole ne a bunkasa ta sosai kuma isasshen takin gargajiya da ma'adinai ake bukata;
- matsakaici dole ne ya kasance tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗanɗano acidic, tumatir girma a kan ƙasa acidic, don haka suna buƙatar a shafe shi da gari mai dolomite ko lemun tsami;
- Ya kamata a ɗauka cikin abin da amfanin gona suka girma a cikin kaka na farko a cikin wannan gado - a cikin yankin da yake cike sosai, bazaiyi aiki ba don shuka amfanin gona mai kyau.
Siffofin girke-girke ƙasa:
- A cikin kore. Fara a cikin kaka, bayan girbi. Ana tsabtace saman ciyayi. Idan ya cancanta, idan ƙasa ta kamu da cutar, an cire saman farfajiyar kuma dukkanin sararin samaniyar an lalata shi da fungicides. Sannan ka hada sabon sabo, mai koshin lafiya, ka hadasu. An bada shawarar shuka gado tare da taki kore (alal misali, mustard) a cikin kaka - wannan yana warkarwa da wadatar da ƙasa. A cikin bazara, sun sake fashewa a cikin greenhouse kuma takin gadaje.
- A cikin ƙasa buɗe. A cikin kaka, an tsabtace gado na tsirrai na shuka, a haƙa tare da gabatarwar lokaci ɗaya na kwayoyin halitta. A cikin bazara, an sake yin digging kuma an shayar da shi da zafi mai zafi na sulfate na jan ƙarfe don lalata. Kafin dasawa, an shirya rijiyoyin da ake amfani da takin mai magani (kwayoyin halitta, peat, ash, da sauransu).
Ciyar da ƙasa na tumatir
A lokacin girma girma yi da yawa dressings. Na farko - sati daya bayan sauka, na gaba - kowane sati 2-3. Ana buƙatar ƙarin takin gargajiya a lokacin furanni.
Gauraya ma'adinai da kwayoyin sunadarai a cikin ruwa kuma suna shayar da kowane daji.
Tumatir daji samuwar
Yawancin nau'ikan tumatir suna girma sosai, suna kafa bushes tare da yawancin tushe mai tushe. Don kada tsire-tsire su ɓata makamashinsu a gefen harbe, an cire su, suna barin babban tushe mai tushe.
Kuma duk sati, sai an datse sabon matakai. Wannan yana ba ku damar adana abubuwan gina jiki don samuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Hanyar da aka yi don dasa bushes an yi shi a cikin gidan kore da ƙasa mai buɗewa.
Dace mai kyau
Matsakaicin hukunci don yawan ban ruwa shine danshi ƙasa. Don hana bayyanar cututtukan fungal, ba da shawarar yin shayar da danshi ta ƙasa ba. Tumatir yi haƙuri bushe lokaci mafi sauƙi fiye da ƙara dampness. A matsakaita, ana buƙatar 1-2 a kowace mako, idan yana da zafi - sau 3-4.
Noma, mulching
Samuwar ɓawon burodi a farfajiyar ƙasa yana hana kwararar iskar oxygen zuwa asalin sa. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole don lokaci-lokaci kwance duniya a kusa da mai tushe (sau da yawa a kowace kakar), akasarin lokacin lokacin da ake yin bushes ɗin kawai. Tare da tsire-tsire masu rigakafi da suka rigaya, suna iya rauni.
Don riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa, don hana haɓakar ciyawa, gadaje suna mulched tare da bambaro, sawdust, takarda da sauran kayan. Tsarin farin ciki ya kamata yakai kimanin cm 5 cm.
Mr. Mazaunin rani: asirin samun girbin tumatir mai arziki
Kowane mai lambu yana da sirrinsa don girma tumatir, ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- Tumatir suna tsire-tsire ne na kansu (yawancin nau'ikan). Amma mummunan yanayin na iya tashi yayin da aka aiwatar da tsarin ba shi da kyau. Sannan wajibi ne don girgiza tsire sau 1-2 a mako yayin fure.
- Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na goge na biyu da na uku, ana fesa su a lokacin fure tare da bayani (a cikin ƙananan taro) na boric acid. Wannan yana inganta samuwar ovaries.
- Idan takin mai magani (taki tare da peat) an ƙara shi zuwa ƙasa a cikin fall, to zai fi dacewa a shuka yalwar amfanin gona, cike lokacin bazara.
Hanyoyi marasa daidaituwa na girma tumatir
'Yan lambu suna amfani da hanyoyi da yawa na girma wannan kayan lambu. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa ba duk hanyoyin da suke sama ba zasu dace da duk yankuna na babbar ƙasarmu. A wasu wuraren, da yawa hanyoyin ba za su zama karɓuwa ba, tunda misali a Siberiya yana da sanyi sosai, har ma lokacin rani ba garanti ne na girbi mai kyau ba. Abubuwan da aka zaɓa daga cikin hanyar ba a iyakance su ga yankin da shafin yake ba wanda yakamata tumatir. Wasu daga cikin wannan rukunin yanar gizon ba su, saboda wasu yanayi. Koyaya, idan kun ba da kusurwar da ta dace, zaɓi mafi girma zai buɗe.
Kowace hanya ita ce saboda halaye na dandalin girma, burin mutum na lambu.
M (ɗan itacen tumatir)
A zahiri, gaba ɗaya ya yi kama da hanyar gargajiya na namo. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci. A cikin hanyar daidaitattun, ana shuka tsire-tsire a jere, tare da babban nisa tsakanin juna. Ana yin wannan ne domin kowane daji yana da nasa sarari, daga inda ake ciyar da shi da danshi, abinci iri-iri, takin zamani.
Hanyar da ake tambaya zata iya rage lokacin saukowa, tare da rage sharar kuzari da lokacin kulawa ta gaba. Mataki na farko shine haƙa ramuka, kusan zurfin 0.3 m, da faɗi 0,5. Dole ne a kwance ƙarshen tare da fenti, ko wani abu wanda ya dace da mai lambu. Wannan don a sauƙaƙe tushen ya yi girma. Na gaba, daidai a tsakiyar, kuna buƙatar sanya gungume, ko da kyau, ko kawai sanda mai ƙarfi. Tsayin ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 2 m. Na farko ya zo da buhun taki, yana da mahimmanci cewa an juya shi. Bok ɗin humus, bayan guga yashi. Ragowar sararin samaniya cike yake da ƙasa.
Bayan an kammala ayyukan cike ayyukan, “abubuwanda ke cikin waɗannan ramuka iri ɗaya dole ne sai an cakuda. Tabbas, zaku iya haɗu da dukkan kayan masarufi a cikin akwati daban kafin, amma, da farko, zai zama da wahala, kuma abu na biyu, yana ɗaukar lokaci. Bayan wannan, daga ragowar ƙasar, wajibi ne a yi tarnaƙi a kusa.
Har zuwa bushes 5 za'a iya dasa a cikin rami ɗaya, yana da mahimmanci cewa su kasance iri ɗaya ne. An ɗaure mai tushe zuwa gungumen azaba wanda aka kora a gaban cibiyar.
Hakanan, wannan hanyar tana da kyau sosai saboda kasancewar danshi ga shuka, zai sami damar samun hakan daga yadudduka zurfi na ƙasa fiye da lokacin shuka. Haɗin ƙasa tare da takin mai magani zai samar da abinci mai ƙoshin abinci mara ƙarewa tare da abubuwan gina jiki don bunƙasa mai kyau .. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan tumatir da tumatir ana iya dasa su ta wannan hanya.
Hanyar Maslov
Mai tushe na tumatir suna da ikon ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin tushen, don zama shuka mai zaman kanta. A wannan hanyar, duk ayyuka daidaitacce ne, amma tare da nuance ɗaya. Seedlings an dage farawa a cikin ƙasa tare da tushe. A wannan yanayin, ana sa tushen tushen shuka a kudu. Ganyayyaki 4 kawai ya kamata su kasance a saman ƙasa, kimanin.
Godiya ga wannan hanyar, hanzarin sarrafawa yana da sauri, haka ma, harbe-harbe a cikin tsirrai masu 'yanci bayan ɗan lokaci, wanda ke tabbatar da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Don wannan hanyar, masana aikin lambu suna ba da shawarar tsarin abin da ake kira ban ruwa na ruwa.
A leash
Babban yanayin wannan hanyar shine nau'ikan tumatir masu tsayi. Hanyar tana ba da damar sauƙaƙe dukkan ayyukan girbi, kula da tsirrai. A matsayin tallafi, ana amfani da igiya, wanda aka haɗa a saman kore, ko ga shinge mai shinge (idan akwai).
Hanyar Sinanci
Dangane da wani takamaiman lokaci na wata, tauraron Scorpio.
A wannan lokacin, shirye-shiryen dasa kayan shuka da dasa bishiyoyi ke faruwa. Sa'an nan, ana yanka shuki, da ke da kusan 3 cm, an saka su cikin maganin Epin kuma a sake dasa su a cikin wani sinadarin na gina jiki, a shayar da su. Rufe tare da gilashi kuma saka a cikin duhu duhu na kwanaki 3. Kula da gaba nan gaba kamar na talakawa seedlings.
Amfanin wannan hanyar shine karuwa mai yawa a yawan amfanin ƙasa, a zahiri sau 2. The mai tushe ne lokacin farin ciki, da suka fi karfi, tumatir ne kasa mai saukin kamuwa da cutar.
Hanyar girma a cikin guga
Duk sanannen mashahuri ne, yana da fa'idodi da yawa, amma ba tare da ɓarnuwa ba. Yana da matukar tattalin arziƙi, daga ra'ayi na sararin samaniya da aka rufe shafin, saboda yana ba ka damar motsa shuka. Yawancin ruwa da takin zamani yana raguwa, tunda ba su narke a cikin ƙasa ba, amma suna ƙunshe cikin iyakataccen sarari. Tare da wannan duka, girman amfanin gona ba zai ragu da komai ba.
Amfanin ya hada da gaskiyar cewa ba lallai ne ku yi maganin kwari ba, saboda kawai ba za su sami tumatir girma ta wannan hanyar ba. Dubarancin shahara shine ciyarwa kullum. Me yasa dubious? Domin shi kadai ne, kuma ya fi abin da ke tattare da wannan hanyar rufe fuska.
Hanya Ampel
Don wannan hanyar, ana amfani da wani nau'in tumatir, yana ba da ƙananan, 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi da m. Peculiarity shi ne cewa mai tushe na wannan nau'ikan suna da bakin ciki, amma ta wata hanya mai rauni. Su masu dorewa ne sosai, kuma suna iya girma har zuwa tsawon mm 1. harbe-harbe ba su karye ba, wannan saboda girman girman da nauyin tumatir ne. Girbi ya fi ƙasa kamar na tumatir talakawa, amma fa babbar fa'ida ita ce ana iya samun sa duk shekara. Bugu da kari, suna da sauki su yi girma a cikin wani gida. Wannan babbar zabi ce ga wadanda ba su da rarar filaye daban, ko kuma saboda cunkoso, ba za su iya samun sa ba, amma ina so in shiga cikin aikin namo. Bugu da kari, wannan nau'in tumatir na ado ne, yana da kyau. An samar da girbi na shekara-shekara saboda saurin sabbin fruitsa fruitsan sabbin inan itace a madadin girbin.
Lokacin dasawa, suna buƙatar kulawa daidai da tumatir talakawa. Lambu suna ba da shawarar sanya su a inda akwai hasken rana, a lokacin rani baranda mai kyau ce, a cikin hunturu - windowsill. Suna buƙatar yin shayarwa sosai, aƙalla sau 2-3 a rana. Tsarin gargajiya yana da kyau. Suna tare cikin tukunya guda tare da wasu tsire-tsire. Wasu suna ba da shawarar dasa sage tare da su. Wannan yana ba ku damar inganta ƙanshi da dandano na tumatir girma.
Akwai da yawa irin ampelous. Dukkansu basu cika haihuwa ba, ba masu son rai bane, masu son faduwar rana. 'Ya'yan itãcen wannan nau'in suna da daɗin rai, yawancin abin da yara suke ƙaunarsu.
Kashe ƙasa
A duban farko, wani baƙon abu ne, har ma da irin nau'in namo. Koyaya, ya faru, ban da shi ya sami kyakkyawan shahara da fitarwa a wasu da'irori na lambu. Gashin layi shine cewa shuka da kanta ana jagorantar zuwa ƙasa. Ana yin wannan ta amfani da ƙaramin rami a cikin tukunya wanda ake sa daskararru. Akwai fa'idodi da yawa, mafi mahimmanci sune rashin buƙatar ɗaure daji, buƙatar lanƙwasa a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka farfado sun ɓace. Wanne yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tsofaffi, har ma da mutanen da ke da matsalar baya.
Hakanan akwai "haɓaka" ga wannan hanyar.
An sanya tumatir a cikin tukunya a cikin takin zamani musamman wanda aka kirkira don girman daji da tukunya. Wannan yana samar da shuka tare da ƙarin yanayi mai kyau don ripening, yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Koyaya, wannan bai dace da iri da nau'in tumatir waɗanda suke matukar son hasken rana ba.
Abubuwan Hydroponics
Hanyar abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, kuma sanannu ne tun tsakiyar tsakiyar karni na karshe. Gashin layi shine cewa tukunyar tare da shuka an sanya shi a cikin wata tukunyar. Wanne ya ƙunshi maganin gina jiki. A cikin tukunya mai tsiro, ana yin ramuka da yawa a ƙasan don tushen ya sami damar samun wannan maganin mai gina jiki. Bayan wani lokaci, zai fi kyau saita saita, tukwane suna buƙatar jan daga. Ana yin wannan don sarrafa ci gaban tushen saiti.
Nan da nan bayan da tushen tsire-tsire sun wuce ramuka waɗanda aka yi, yana da buƙatar rage ƙarar mafitar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin tukwane guda biyu don a samar da matashin kai na iska. Wannan saboda tushen sa koyaushe yana cikin yanayi mai laima kuma karɓar adadin oxygen.
Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce babbar kara yawan ci gaban tushen, wanda yake shafar haɓakar girman shuka da kanta, kuma a sakamakon - yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Yawancin hanyoyin ba kawai adana lokaci ba, har ma suna samar da amfanin gona mafi girma. Wanene a zahiri ya shafi ribar (ga waɗanda ke cikin siyarwar). Ko da ba ku sayar da shi ba, zaku iya samar da tumatir ga kowane dangi da abokai, za su yi godiya kwarai da gaske, sabo, harma da tumatir kyauta.
