Horseradish shine kayan lambu mai yaji wanda aka yi amfani dashi a dafa abinci da magungunan gargajiya. Fasahar aikin gona na kayan aikin gona mai sauki ce, yana da mahimmanci kada a bar shuka ta zama daji, horseradish ya sami damar cike dukkanin makircin, ya lalata kayan amfanin gona da yawa, ba a sani ba ga ƙasa, da haske. Don dasa shuki al'adun, zabi wofin fanko na gonar.
Girbi ganye da tushen shuka mai yaji domin samun amfanin gona mai kyau tare da babban abun ciki na abinci mai gina jiki, wajibi ne a bi ka'idodi da yawa don amfanin gona. A dacha, daji duba sosai ado: m duhu ganye, wavy kafa fadi ganye ganye daidai abin rufewa ba shinge ba, shinge takin.
Labarin Horseradish
Horseradish nasa ne na jinsin perennial ganye, shuka ce ta dangi mai giciye mai tsayi, mai tsayi, mai tsayi, har zuwa 2 m tsawon rhizome, lush deciduous rosette. Ganyayyaki sun yi girma zuwa tsawon mita 0.7, farfajiyar - har zuwa mita 1.5. Yana fure a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa a watan Mayu-Yuni, ya samar da kwalaye har zuwa 5 mm tsayi tare da kananan tsaba masu zagaye 3-4.
Itatuwan shuka:
- hanyar iri;
- kodan apical;
- amfani da yanke.
Tushen ya ƙunshi m allylisothiocyanate, yana da maganin antiseptik. An daraja shuka don babban abun cikin ta:
- bitamin C, PP da rukunin B, carotene;
- gano abubuwan P, Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Mg, S;
- resins Organic;
- mai mai mahimmanci;
- alkaloids.
Al'adar tana saukaka yanayin yanayi mai kyau, ta saba da shi a yanayin dumama, kuma yana da saurin haƙuri. Na gargajiya iri-iri zaɓi na farko:
- Suzdal late ripening, halin da kaifi, tauri;
- Valkovsky farkon cikakke, yana kafa tushen lokacin farin ciki, har zuwa 3 cm a diamita a kowace kakar;
- Latvian ko talakawa, ƙarshen cikakke, fure a tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Yuni, an rarraba shi a cikin yammacin da tsakiyar Rasha;
- Rostov tsakiyar-kakar, wanda aka gane shi ta hanyar ganye mai fadi tare da babban abun ciki na mai mai mahimmanci;
- Atlant of balaga matsakaici, tare da bushe ɓangaren litattafan almara na rhizome mai launin fata, ana ɗaukar shi ta hanyar yaduwar ƙananan lokacin haɓaka, ingancin riƙewa mai kyau;
- Tolpukhovsky, iri ya tsiro cikin kwanaki 200-250, wanda aka ba da shawarar don namo kayan injin, tsarin tushen ya zama m, jikin rhizomes fararen fata ne, matsakaici.
Horseradish na iya zama a wuri guda tsawon shekaru, amma azaman amfanin gona ana bada shawara ga ta tono shi a shekara ko shekara 2 bayan dasa, har sai rhizomes sun zurfafa. Yin gwagwarmaya da kwari kamar ciyawa abu ne mai wahala.
Fasali na narkarda
Yawan yawa, saurin magana da ɗanɗano daga tushen yana dogara ne akan yanayin haɓaka da lokacin girbi. A matsayin al'adun ganye, ana shuka rosettes a cikin tukwane, a cikin hunturu a gida, an girma horseradish akan windowsill. Aarar ganye yana taimaka wa angina, SARS, ana amfani da shi don shafawa membranes na mucous. Wannan kyakkyawan maganin rigakafi ne don maganin cutarwa na gida, ƙonewa.
Horseradish girma a cikin kowane ƙasa, ba ya bukatar zafin haske. Yana girma da kyau a cikin m sarari. Ana yin noma shi azaman amfanin gona shekara-shekara don hana rikicewar shafin.
Lokacin sauka
Al'adar da ba ta dace ba tana rayuwa a kowane yanayi, ba ta tsoron sanyi a ƙasa. Ana shuka dutsen horseradish a duk lokacin bazara-bazara, a cikin bazara, ya danganta da lokacin da kake buƙatar amfanin gona na ganye ko asalinsu. A cikin fasaha na aikin gona babu hani akan shuka:
- a cikin bazara, ana shuka itace ko an shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa lokacin da aka mai da ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10 cm, shuka yana girma a zazzabi na +5 ° C;
- don namo injiniyan, ana yin rabin rabin Afrilu a matsayin lokacin dasa mafi kyau a cikin Tsakiyar Rasha; a cikin yanayin daskarewa mai zafi, Tushen bazai da tushe;
- An dasa horseradish kuma an dasa shi a cikin bazara lokacin da babu matsanancin fari, gumi ba ƙasa da kashi 70%, a ranakun kwanaki na farko na kwanaki 5-7, ana shuka tsire-tsire buƙatar shading, matsanancin ruwa;
- a cikin kaka, lokacin shuki na ƙarshe shine makonni 2 kafin fara wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun (tsakiyar Oktoba ko farkon Nuwamba), idan kaka ta bushe, ya wajaba don sanyaya ƙasa sosai, an yanke zurfin cikin ƙasa 3-4 cm zurfi fiye da lokacin bazara.
Hanyoyin ƙasa
Horseradish an girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa da kariya; don tushen tushen rani, ana shuka cuttings a cikin gidajen katako lokacin da faci na farko da aka bayyana (farkon da tsakiyar Maris). Dasa dasa zurfi ta hanyar 3-4 cm, ciyawa, jefa dusar ƙanƙara a 15-20 cm a tsayi. An rufe matatar kore sosai, ya bar wata daya. Dusar ƙanƙara za ta narke, a hankali za ta jiƙa ƙasa.
Lokacin da zafi ya faru, ana dasa Tushen cikin kadaici:
- A kan tudu mai tsayi (aƙalla 30 cm). Wannan hanyar dasawa ta dace da yankuna tare da babban abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa, tudun zai zama matsayin magudanan ruwa. Tushen da sauri sa nauyi, sauƙi digged a cikin bazara.
- A cikin "hannun riga" na mai laushi ko ƙarfafa polyethylene, wani fim mai santsi na rhizomes ya karye ta. Fiye da shekaru 3, ba a bunkasa al'adu a cikin irin wannan "allo" ba, rhizomes sun haɗu zuwa zurfin mita 2.5-3, tsire-tsire yana gudana daji, ya juya ya zama da wuya a lalata ciyawa.
- A cikin babban akwati, an haƙa shi a matakin 5 cm daga gefen gefen. A samu ramuka a ƙasan don kada ruwa ya ɓaci.
A lokacin fall, an cire kwantena, yana da sauki samun rhizomes daga gare su. Sabbin yankan itace ko kuma na fure na ciki an saka su cikin ƙasa. Tare da iyakataccen namo, yin amfani da ƙarancin ƙasa, yana yiwuwa a sami amfanin gona da yawa tare da dawakai masu mahimmanci. Haɓakar ilimin halittar ci gaba na Sisera a cikin sarari yake ba ya bambanta da kulawa ta al'ada.
Noma
Sabbin nau'ikan kiwo na horseradish suna fitowa koyaushe tare da bambancin dandano da kwanan wata. Tushen yana girma daga tsaba da aka saya a farkon bazara, lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi zuwa + 5 ° C ko a ƙarshen kaka, “kafin hunturu”, kwanaki 12-14 kafin sanyi mai sanyi. An shuka iri a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 2.5-3 cm. An rage nisa na 90 cm tsakanin layuka, an shimfiɗa tsaba a jere tare da tazara tsakanin 7-10 cm. Irin ba ya tsoron sanyi. Harbe yana bayyana a farkon kwanakin dumi 4-7 bayan dasawa.
Dasa ta hanyar yanka
Horseradish an fi son zuwa yaduwa ta hanyar cuttings, ana adana kayan iri a cikin cellar, a cikin firiji, babban abinda shine a sanyaya kayan a cikin lokaci, inda ake binne ciyawar. Bai kamata ya bushe sosai. Wani lokacin buds a Tushen sukan farka yayin ajiya, wanda a yanayin sa aka kawo su haske. Suna ba da kyau germination. Bayan pecking, suna “makantar” - an cire karin kodan tare da laushi mai yawa, suna fitowa a duk tushen jijiyoyin. Bar tsiro zuwa ƙasa da saman: na ganye rosettes da ƙananan asalinsu.
Horseradish sauƙin canja wurin dashi. An sanya cutukan a nesa da 40 cm, a cikin farkon shekarar babban rosette ganye yana girma. Na gaba shekara, da shuka tsiro cikin sauri, a cikin kaka rhizomes suna shirye don digging, kai maturation na fasaha.
Kamar yadda ake amfani da itace:
- asalin bakin gado na bakin ciki;
- m tushen yankunan m don aiki.
Tsawon shawarar da aka yanke na cutan shine 20 cm, amma kowane guntu na rhizome zai iya yin tushe. Yawancin lokaci ana shuka su nan da nan bayan an girbe. Yana da Dole a ci gaba da yanka a gida lokacin sayen su a lokacin sanyi. Idan a gida akwai tukunyar da ba a kyauta, yana da kyau a sanya horseradish; ana amfani da ƙyallen ganye a cikin miya da salatin. A lokacin bazara, ganyen da aka tono ya isa ya “makance”, sannan ya sake shukawa.
Kulawar Horseradish
Ku ɗanɗani halaye da kayan amfanin gona na amfanin gona ya dogara da tsarin sinadaran ƙasa. A cikin birane, an zaɓi wuraren sharar gida don shuka, an sanya ta daga shishika da bishiyoyi. Ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, amma dole ne ƙasa ta cika da kwayoyin halitta da ma'adanai kafin shuka. Lokacin girma amfanin gona a kan sparse, acidic kasa, tushen amfanin gona yana halved, sun ƙunshi mai yawa haushi, m zaruruwa. Don biredi mai taushi, kayan yaji na tumatir (horseradish), rhizomes mai laushi tare da sitaci mai yawa ana fin so.
An kara ash na itace da lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa mai acidic, har zuwa 0.3-0.5 kg / m2 na cakuda ya zama dole. Tushen abubuwan ganowa shine takin zamani na ma'adinai. Potassium, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate an cakuda 1: 1, har zuwa 30 g na cakuda an ƙara su da m2. A cikin yumɓun yumɓun ƙara a guga na peat da yashi. Kasar gona ce da ke jujjuya kayan abinci tare da tumatir ko kuma sabo, har zuwa buhu 2 a kowace m2. Kwayoyin halitta suna da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar abubuwan haɗin ƙanshi a cikin ganyayyaki da rhizomes na horseradish.
Al'adar ba ta tsoron ciyawar ƙasa, ƙasa mai dutse. A cikin gidajen lambun na gaba, ba sa shuka shi a kan hanya - ganye da tushen sami damar tara ƙarfe mai nauyi, ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari.
Watering da hadi
Kodayake maƙarƙashiya mallakar albarkatu ne mai haƙuri-fari, a cikin shekaru bushe, halayen ɗanɗano na tushen suna ƙaruwa: tsananin, raunin ya ragu. A lokacin tsananin fari, ana shuka tsiran tsirrai domin ɓangaren tsakiyar rhizome ya girma. Tare da rashin isasshen ruwa, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai zama ƙasa, yawancin kafafu na bakin ciki ana kafa su, ƙwayoyin m. Yawan wuce haddi na ruwa yana haifar da lalacewar tsakiyar rhizome, yana samun wadataccen ɗanɗano daga sabo.
Ba kwa buƙatar shayar da ƙwayar cuta a kai a kai ba; kuna buƙatar zubar da isasshen daji sau ɗaya a mako. Tushen zai sha danshi daga zurfin zurfi. Ana amfani da hanyar osmosis: an rufe ƙasa da fim, sannan danshi daga ƙananan shimfidar ƙasa ya tashi. Hanyar tana da inganci don kusancin abin da ke cikin ruwan ƙasa.
Manyan riguna na inganta sinadaran sunadarai. Cikakken cakuda hade cikin ƙasa kowace bazara a cikin adadin ½ da aka nuna akan kunshin. A lokacin ruwa sama, da sanyin safiya, sai su narke a hankali. Idan ana so, zaku iya shayar da shuka tare da takin zamani da aka shirya don kayan lambu, ƙasa ko buɗe.
Weeding da kwance ƙasa
Horseradish baya buƙatar kayan kwalliya na musamman; manyan ganye suna barin ciyayi da hana su haɓaka. Hanya ta zama dole ga tsirrai masu ruwa akan ƙasa mai nauyi, inda nau'ikan ɓawon burodi, yana hana iska isa ga asalin sa. Yana haɓaka haɓakar fitar da ganye, yana haɓaka haɓaka. Ana yin kwalliya zuwa mafi girman zurfin zurfin. Don ƙara taro da rhizome, harbe harbe spud, amma wannan ba lallai ba ne.
Girbi da adanawa
Don kiyayewa, ana yanke ganye a kowane lokaci; ranakun rana an zaɓi girbin don bushewa. Ganyen an ajiye su sosai a cikin akwati kayan lambu na firiji. Tushen ana amfani dashi a cikin zaɓaɓɓen, nau'i na gwangwani. An adana Tushen na dogon lokaci idan ba a cire kwasfa daga gare su ba. An tsabtace su a cikin yashi rigar, an cire su kamar yadda ya cancanta.
Mista mazaunin bazara ya ba da sanarwar: abin da za a yi idan maharbi ya cika wurin
Kyakkyawan kayan lambu yakan zama mummunan sako. Idan an girbi, sai an murƙushe tushen, sai kowane ɓoye ya fito.
Babban matakan rigakafin yaduwar cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta:
- ba za a iya sanya shi kusa da amfanin gona na zamani ba, ciyawa, bishiyoyi, cire tushen yana da wuya;
- ƙasa tare da ragowar ƙananan Tushen, ba za a iya amfani da tsaba don ƙara wasu albarkatu ba, ana wadatar da shi kuma an sake amfani da shi don narkar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyi ko saka cikin takin;
- kananan tsiran da ba dole bane ana “gishirin”: an yanke su, an rufe su da gishiri mai kyau, an ware su daga ruwa, saboda sinadarin sodium chloride ya shiga cikin rhizome;
- harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara suna mutuwa bayan jiyya tare da Roundup, amma tushen zai sake toho, thinning zai buƙaci maimaita amfani da sunadarai masu lalata;
- ciyawar fure, kar a bada izinin tsaba.
Babu matsaloli tare da dasa ciyawar da ta keɓe a cikin manyan tankuna, narkar da horseradish azaman al'adar shekaru biyu.
