Features na girma letas - dokokin dasa da kulawa, matakan magance cututtuka da kwari

A wasu lokatai an kira litattafan albasa, amma wannan al'ada ba shi da dangantaka da iyalin albasa. Dasa wannan al'ada yana da siffar musamman.

Wataƙila, sunan ya bayyana saboda gaskiyar cewa idan ka riƙe wannan salatin a gonar kadan ya fi tsayi, sai ya sami halayyar haɗari.

A cikin labarin zamu tattauna dalla-dalla kan launi, ga hoto, yadda yake girma, gano abin da ke tattare da noma da hanyoyin da ake magance cututtuka da kwari.

Waɗanne iri ne sukafi girma?

Leafy

• Rasberi ball;
• Levistro;
• Constance;
• Concord;
• Record;
• Kadan;
• Anthony;
• Rubett;
• Green;
• Coral;
• Red Coral;
• Grenada;
• Kucheryavets Odessa;
• Lollo Blonda;
• Lollo Rossa;
• Lollo Bionda;
• Lollo Gorbi.

Cabbages

• Etti;
• Olzhich;
• Godard;
• Major;
• Sanata;
• Laravera;
• Romain.

Zai yiwu a hada nau'o'in iri daya tare?

Zai yiwu a hade iri a cikin gado daya, idan an ba da nesa da ake bukata don bunkasa tsire-tsire, tun da thickening na plantings ba ya jure wa letas.

Hotuna

Za ka ga a cikin hoto yadda letas ke tsiro:

Yadda za a dasa a cikin ƙasa mai bude?

An dasa shuki daga shuka kwalaye a tsakiyar watan Mayu, kafin ya fi kyau kada a motsa shi, saboda shuka ba zai jure wa yanayin yanayin sanyi ba a wannan lokaci. A cikin rani shuka marigayi iri resistant zuwa bindiga.

An shuka salatin da aka sake sa a cikin kwanaki 15-20, da kaiwa - sau uku: a cikin bazara, a farkon Yuni da tsakiyar Yuli. An shuka tsaba a farkon bazara. Matasa harbe suna iya tsayayya yanayin zafi har zuwa -2, kuma suna girma da karfi zuwa -5.

Yadda za a shirya ƙasa da abin da za saya?

A ƙasa don shuka letas kada ta kasance acidic. An fi dacewa ko alkaline. Za'a iya gyara acidity na kasar ta hanyar ƙara lime ko dolomite gari zuwa gare shi, a cikin nau'i na biyu zuwa ɗari biyu da hamsin hamsin da mita mita.

Don inganta samfurori a cikin fall, dole ne a watsar da takin turbaya ko taki a madadin guda ko biyu buckets da mita mita. Mafi kyawun ƙasa abun da ke ciki shi ne cakuda turf land, humus da yashi, wani zaɓi shi ne lambu lambu, kwakwa na kwakwa da biohumus. Zaka iya saya kayan haɗe da aka shirya - ƙasa mai dacewa don amfanin gona. Kudin farashin ƙasa na lita biyar a Moscow ya bambanta daga 52 zuwa 72 rubles, dangane da masu sana'a, a St. Petersburg daga 50 zuwa 63 rubles.

Tilas, yalwata yumbu, tubalin fashe ko ƙananan pebbles ana amfani da su a matsayin mai layi don ɗakin ajiya.

Shuka tsaba

A tsaba na letas ne ƙananan, duhu. Zaka iya tattara su da kanka ko saya cikin shagon. Dole ne a ware jinsin.ta hanyar cire dukkanin lalacewar da kuma aiwatarwa. Don maganin cututtuka ya kamata a sanya su tsawon minti 15-20 a ruwa a zafin jiki na hamsin hamsin. Bayan haka, ana amfani da tsaba a minti uku a cikin ruwan sanyi, sannan a cire kuma a bushe.

Shuka yana faruwa kamar haka:

1. Land kafin shuka yana bukatar moisten da sassauta.
2. Rubuta gado.
3. Don iri iri-iri, tsaka tsakanin tsire-tsire ya zama akalla 20 cm, ga tsayi mai tsawo 30 cm.
4. Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm.
5. Fall barci ƙasa.
6. Na farko watering ne da za'ayi a cikin kwanaki biyu.

Daga seedlings

Kadan maras kyau, idan aka kwatanta da iri, hanyar saukowa. Matsalar farko ita ce zaɓan ranar yin shuka, tun da yanayin zafi mai sauƙi ga salatin yana da mummunan rauni, amma ana bukatar buƙatar su buɗe ƙasa a makonni biyu da haihuwa. Saboda haka Ya kamata a yi shuka a makonni biyu kafin lokacin da za a kafa zafin jiki mai kyau.

Matsalar ta biyu ita ce salatin ba ya jure wa transplants. Sabili da haka, yanayin da ke biyowa zai zama mafi kyau:

1. Tsaba don seedlings bukatar shuka a cikin wani peat tukunya ko cube.
2. Yi amfani da tsire-tsire da kuma takin a cikin mako guda tare da ƙwayar ruwa.
3. Ƙunƙarar tsirrai - don daidaitawa da harbe zuwa sararin sama.
4. Bayan makonni biyu, inji ya kamata ido ya zama kama da karamin ganye - yana nufin lokaci ya yi don motsa shi don buɗe ƙasa.

Yaya aka yi wannan a gida?

Letas yana da kyau a yi girma a gida, a lokacin rani da kuma hunturu. Ba lallai ba ne a dauki nauyin ƙwayoyin kabeji - suna da matukar damuwa. Mafi kyau iri-iri don namun cikin gida shine Batavia.

Letas yana da kyau game da hasken, don haka ana amfani da tukunyar tsire-tsire a kan windowsill a kudu ko kudu maso gabas. A cikin hunturu, kana buƙatar tsara ƙarin haske.

Tsarin saukewa kamar haka.:

1. A matsayin akwati don dasa shuki mafi kyawun zaɓin tukunyar tukunya da ƙarar lita daya zuwa lita biyu da zurfin 10-35 centimeters tare da zama wajibi na ramuka.
2. Cire ƙarancin ƙasa tare da raunin bayani mai potassium na potassium da kuma cika tukunya, ba samun zuwa gefuna 2.5 - 3 cm ba.
3. A cikin ƙasa yin tsagi, mintuna biyar na zurfi, nesa tsakanin layuka ya zama goma na centimeters.
4. A cikin tsagi sa tsaba da yayyafa da karamin adadin ƙasa. Ƙarƙwasa ƙarami.
5. An rufe tukunya da kunshin don ƙirƙirar yanayi na greenhouse da kuma sanya shi cikin wuri mai duhu.
6. Lokacin da sprouts ya bayyana, an cire jaka da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa saukowa a kan windowsill.

Yaya azumi yake girma a gida da kuma a filin bude?

Tsarin al'ada ne da wuri, don haka don ci gaba da samun ganye a yayin da yake girma a gida, dole ne a dasa shukin lakaran sau ɗaya kowace mako biyu. A cikin bude ƙasa, tsire-tsire zuwa balaga wata guda bayan dasa shuki tsaba.

Yadda ake kulawa?

• Idan dasa shukin launi za a yi girma, ba zai yiwu a girbi amfanin gona mai kyau, al'adun yana bukatar thinning ba. Yi sau biyu. Sati na farko bayan bayyanar sabbin furanni, suna barin nesa tsakanin su 1-2 inimita, karo na biyu bayan kafa bangarorin biyu na gaskiya, nesa tsakanin kananan tsire-tsire ya zama kimanin centimita.
• Watering ya zama mai yawan gaske, tare da rashin ruwan ingancin kibiya. Amma kuma ba lallai ba ne don tsaftace ƙasa sosai - zai haifar da lalacewar ƙananan ganye da asalinsu.
• Yayin da ke girma a gida, ana kwantar da iska da kuma ganye a cikin ruwa daga kwalba mai laushi.
• Babban miya kawo sau daya a cikin makonni biyu. Daɗaɗɗa taki don tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Amfani da nitrogen mai magani yana da iyaka, letas iya tara nitrates. Zaka kuma iya yin takin.
• Tsarin yana da ƙaunar haske, sabili da haka, lokacin da dakin da ke cikin lokacin hunturu-kaka zai buƙaci fitoshin lantarki, wanda dole ne a sanya shi a tsawo na 50-60 centimeters daga shuka kuma ya hada da 2-5 hours. A cikakke, lokutan hasken rana ya wuce goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha biyar.
• Dole ne a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a +15 digiri, salatin ya fi son sanyi, karuwa a cikin zafin jiki yana haifar da bushewa daga cikin takardun ganye kuma yana haifar da rifling.

Yaushe ya girbi?

Letas sosai da sauri girma ganye, daga nau'o'in ganye, zaka iya girbi a cikin kwanaki goma bayan shuka ya fara cigaba da cigaba. A lokacin da girbi, ko dai an cire su ko an fitar da ganyayyaki a waje. Bayan makonni hudu, injin ya fara harba, an cire shi kuma an sake yin shuka a wannan wuri.

Lissafin laƙaran an dauke shirye don amfani bayan an kafa shugaban. Zaka iya ƙayyade wannan ta latsa tsakiyar, idan yana da m - salatin yana shirye su ci. Girbi shi ne mafi dacewa da za'ayi da safe kuma ba'a bada shawarar yin shi bayan watering.

Cututtuka da kwari

• Perinosporosis - Har ila yau, ana kiransa mildew. Mafi haɗari shine shan kashi na kananan shuke-shuke. A kan ƙananan ganyayyaki, a kan ɓangarorinsu na sama, an kafa siffofin launin rawaya na nau'in ba bisa ka'ida ba. A hankali suna girma da kuma ɗauka a kan inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa, haɗuwa kuma ganye suna fara mutuwa. Kwayar cuta ce ta fungal, don haka a kan gefen ɓangaren ganye za ka iya ganin spores na naman gwari-pathogen, suna kama da farar fata mai launi.

  Matakan sarrafawa sun haɗa da cire dukkanin tsire-tsire masu tashe-tashen hankula da kuma kula da shuka da kayan samfurori. Idan kisa ba karfi ba ne, za ka iya zuwa ga shahararrun girke-girke, alal misali, yayyafa tsire-tsire tare da tafarnuwa da tafarnuwa ko shayi.

• Septoria. Cutar cutar da ke shafar ganye, tsaba, da gwaji. An bayyana shi a cikin nau'i na launin ruwan kasa wanda bai dace ba. Ana yin yaki da cutar tare da taimakon magunguna masu guba.
• Kuskuren kwayar cutar. Haka kuma cutar ta haifar da kwayoyin phytopathogenic. Sau da yawa yakan auku a lokacin da aka saurara. An bayyana a cikin nau'i mai laushi, wanda ya juya launin ruwan kasa da girma. Sheet ya bushe ya mutu. Ana yin gwagwarmaya tare da shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da jan ƙarfe da Bordeaux.
• Cututtuka na Phytoplasmic. Ma'aikata masu cutar da cutar suna fungi, tsire-tsire yana girma, iri-iri ba ya bayyana yiwuwar. Za ku iya yin yaki tare da taimakon magunguna masu guba.
• Kwayoyin cututtuka. Mottled da wrinkled ganye. Haka kuma cutar ta daukar kwayar cutar ta aphids da nematodes. An yi yakin da kwari.

Jarabawa

• Salad Salad Aphid - ciyarwa a kan sap na ganye, saboda sakamakon abin da suka karkatar da letas tsayawa girma girma. Yi yaƙi da kwari tare da tumatir leaf tincture hade da sabulu.
• Slugs - ku ci shuka, don haka ya mutu. Zaka iya yakar su da taimakon tarkon daga wasu allon. Slugs crawl a karkashin su, kuma za a iya tattara su.

Yadda za a kare daga cututtuka da kwari?

• Biye namun gandun daji.
• Don zaɓar iri-iri iri-iri, mayar da hankali kan yankin da yanayin yanayin hawan.
• Lokacin da girma seedlings, biofungicides za a iya amfani a mataki na hadawa kasar gona.
• Douayen magabata kada su kasance masu sukar cuta.

Ƙarar ganye a cikin filin bude, da kuma cikin cikin gida, wani abin ban sha'awa sosai. Tsarin sauri na amfanin gona da sauƙin agrotechnology zai ba da izinin mabukaci na farko don samun sakamako mai kyau.