Yadda ake dasa dankali

A cikin karni na karshe, don mutane da yawa, dankali mai girma ya zama hanyar tsira. Yanzu mutane da suka saba da ilimin aikin gona suna sa wannan ya zama kasuwanci mai riba.

Dasa dankali da ka'idodi

Kakanninmu sun san zaɓi ɗaya don dasa dankali - tono ramuka tare da felu. Tare da haɓaka kiwo na zamani, ba za a iya ƙidaya hanyoyin da za a dasa shi ba. An bayyana wannan da gaskiyar cewa yawan amfanin ƙasa dankali ya dogara da hanyar dasa. Tabbas, bai kamata ku rage rangwame aikin takin zamani ba, iri-iri na kayan lambu da ruwan sama.

Ainihin postulates na kowane hanya ba su bambanta. A cikin kaka, an shirya shirin ta hanyar tono shi da takin. A cikin bazara, zaku iya kwance ƙasa ba tare da tono ta ba, amma tafiya rake da watse manyan dunƙulen.

Da dadewa kafin dasa shuki, ana daidaita nodules, ana rarrabasu ta girman. Don germination, an shirya kayan dasa kayan a cikin kwalaye tare da ramuka na iska kuma a sanya shi cikin wuri mai dumi, mai haske.

Kafin dasa shuki, an sa furrows (ko tono ramuka), takin shafin. Sprouted nodules an saka a shirye wurin, yayyafa su da ƙasa. Lokacin da bushes yayi, suna spudded don ƙara yawan aiki, suna yaƙar Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro.

Sun fara dasa dankali kusa da Mayu. Asa mai-daɗi mai kyau yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin haɓaka da haɓakar tubers. Don ɗaukar amfanin gona ninki biyu, a yankuna na kudanci ana shuka dankali a ƙarshen Yuli. An zaɓi nau'ikan farko, daga abin da ake girbe su har sai sanyi na farko.

Zabi da kuma shirin dasa kayan

Bayan halayen shahararrun halaye, kuna buƙatar dasa dankali da zaran tsuntsu ceri fure. Kuna buƙatar samun lokaci don shirya komai don sauka. Kowane shekaru hudu, ana bada shawarar wannan kayan lambu don sabunta shi, canza shi zuwa sabon iri.

Ana sayi tsaba a wata guda kafin a shuka su. Advisedwararrun masanan kimiyyar aikin gona an shawarce su da su saya ta cikin shagunan masana'antu na musamman da na nuna alamun kasuwanci. Kudinsa ya fi yadda yake cikin kasuwanni, amma haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙarancin ƙasa ya ragu. Elite dankali ana ɗauka mafi kyau; ana sayo su a shagunan. Farashinsa ya fi girma kuma suna ɗaukar shi don kiwo don shekara mai zuwa. Elite "yara" ana kiran su dankali na farkon haifuwa.

Abubuwan da aka samo daga ƙwayayensa sun dace da abinci da tsaba. Bayan fitattu, ana bada shawara don canza iri a cikin shekaru 5-6 kuma wannan shine dalilin. Tubers na uku, na huɗu (da sauransu) haifuwa sun kamu da cututtuka da lalacewa. Yawancin ƙarni na dankalin turawa ya rabu da na haihuwa, mafi girman haɗarin kamuwa da cuta tare da kowane nau'in kamuwa da cuta.

Lokacin sayen, kula da idanu - adadi mai yawa daga cikinsu sunyi alƙawarin yawan aiki. Dankali ba a sayi tumatir ba ne, in ba haka ba sprouts ɗin za su fashe yayin sufuri. Hakanan ba a yarda da jujjuya da lalacewa ba.

Lokacin sayen, suna kimanta juriya daga nau'ikan cututtuka da kwari. Babban rigakafi daga cututtuka a cikin wadannan nau'ikan:

• nematode: Sante, Zhukovsky da wuri, Odysseus, Amadeus;
• Marigayi Blight: Lina, Temp, Nikulinsky, Luck;
• scab: Destkoselsky, Bryansk sabon labari;
• Ciwon daji: Gatchinsky, Lukyanovsky, Andretta.

Iri iri daban-daban Lasunka, Ogonyok, Rum, da Crystal suna tsaye tsayin daka kan irin ƙwayar dankalin turawa.

Dankali na dasa dankali na kalandar Lunar ta 2019, gwargwadon ire-ire da yankin

Baya ga abubuwan da aka lissafa a sama, yanayin yanayi na wani yanki yana tasiri ingantacciyar ci gaban dankali.

Don cikakken samuwar shuka, ya zama dole a lissafa lokacin dasawa. Don haka, don yankuna na kudu, ya isa ƙasa ta yi zafi zuwa digiri 8, yayin da yankuna na arewacin ke buƙatar zazzabi na digiri 12.

Sun kuma zabi dankali, da aka ba yankin dasawa da yanayin yanayi. Misali, nau'ikan da ke da bishiyoyi ba su dace da Siberia da yankin Leningrad ba, saboda ba za su sami lokacin yin girma zuwa farkon sanyi ba.

An nemi nau'ikan farko don sauka a watan Afrilu, na tsakiyar shine bayan 15 ga Mayu. Daga baya iri suna girma kusa da hunturu, da ajalinsu cikakke ne 4 watanni.

Saboda yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi, shawarwari don dasa shuki iri daban daban kamar haka:

Wani nuancewa: lokacin ƙayyade kwanakin dasa bisa ga kalandar Lunar, ku lura cewa dankali na abinci ana shuka shi ne daysan kwanaki bayan sabon wata, kuma dasa shuki akan tsaba ana aiwatar da shi jim kaɗan kafin cikar wata.

Zabi wurin sauka

Da zaran bazara agronomists yi wani zaɓi wanda iri-iri da kuma hanyar dasa dankali, wani wuri domin dankalin turawa gadaje aka zaɓi. Kayan lambu suna son ƙasa mai sauƙi tare da ƙaramin abun ciki. Ya fi son wurare a tsohuwar peatlands da chernozem.

Clay zai hana ci gaban dankali. Suna warware matsalar ta hanyar ƙara yashi a cikin maƙarƙashiyar, takin ƙasa tare da taki, kuma ana shuka dankali a kan kwari. Za a rage yawan kiba ta hanyar kara ash ko lemun tsami a ciki.

A cikin kaka, sun tono shebur akan bayonet, suna cire tushen sako, tarkace na shuka, takin tare da taki da takin, amma basa yin ƙasa. Ana yin wannan don riƙe da danshi na bazara kuma don mafi kyawun yanayi. Idan rukunin yumɓu ne, to, don kawar da ruwan bazara ne daga kaka, ya fi yin girki. A cikin bazara, an sake sake gina gonar tare da katsewar tafki. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, ya isa a kwance dabarar, yayin riƙe danshi.

Babban ka'idodin dasa dankali

Don tattara girbi mai yawa kuma ba gudu zuwa matsala ba, kuna buƙatar bin dokoki masu sauƙi:

• Ya kamata a warke ƙasa sosai. A gado mai sanyi zai hana ci gaban seedlings, da sannu a hankali ana haɓaka ƙarancin ƙwaya, kuma a ƙari zai zama mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka.
• Kada a ja fitar da dasa shuki, in ba haka ba ruwan da aka karɓa daga dusar ƙanƙan hunturu zai ƙafe kuma ba zai kai ga tsirrai ba.
• ya kamata a dasa shuka da tsaba. Dankali don dasa shuki kada yayi daskararru, damp ko fasa.
• don kowane yanki tare da yanayin yanayin su, masu shayarwa sun inganta nau'ikan musamman. Wannan ya cancanci la'akari.
• tantance abun da ke ciki da acidity kamar haka. Danshi dunƙule na ƙasa ka matse shi a hannunka. Idan bai murƙushe, an ciccire ƙasa. Acrain an tabbatar da yawan tsire-tsire. A tsaka tsaki ƙasa, shuka thistle kuma bindweed girma. Plantain da buttercup sunfi son wuraren acid.
• Dankali ba za a dasa shekaru ba a jere a jere. Wannan ya yanke ƙasa, tubers an fallasa su ga cututtuka da kwari. Zaɓi wuri don shuka inda beets, fure-fure, wake, kabewa, da cucumbers sun girma.
• tare da kulawa mai kyau daga ɗarni ɗari, zaka iya tattara kilogiram 500-600. Amma idan dole ne ku ji labarin amfanin gona na 20 kilogiram daga wani daji, wannan yana nufin cewa an bi da tsire-tsire da babban allurai na taki. A bayyane yake cewa irin waɗannan kayan lambu ba su dace da mutane da dabbobi ba.
• yana faruwa don ceton kayan ya zama dole a yanka. Domin kada ya canza wurin kamuwa da cuta daga kayan lambu mara lafiya zuwa mai lafiya, ana saka wuka lokaci-lokaci a cikin maganin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na potassium na dindindin. Dankali ake yanka ba ko'ina, amma tare, tun da yawanci mafi yawan-girma harbe tattara a saman nodule.
• Matsakaicin dace don dankali iri yana tare da kwai kaza, kuma ga abin da ya sa. Tubersanannun tubersan ƙaramin ƙananan suna ɗauke da karamin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki kuma amfanin gona, bi da bi, ba zai zama mai mahimmanci ba. Kuma idan kun ciyar a kan dasa shuki manyan dankali, sai ya fita da yawa tubers.

Tsarin ƙasa na ƙasa

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don dasa dankali. Kowace hanya tana da fa'ida da rashin amfani. Tare da ƙarin ƙididdigar cikakken bayani game da kowane masanin ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa ya zaɓi ɗaya wanda yafi dacewa dasu gwargwadon ƙasa da yawan aiki.

Don fahimtar yadda ake dasa dankali, ya kamata ku magance kowane ɗayansu daki-daki.

A karkashin shebur

A karkashin hanyar tsohon kakanin, an kwance makircin mai zafi tare da fenti ko rake. Igiyoyi da turaku suna alamar yankin don bushes na gaba. Nisa tsakanin gadaje shine 65-75 cm, tsakanin ramuka game da cm 30 Mutane biyu sun isa aiki: ɗayan digo ɗaya, ɗayan suna jefa dankali a cikin ramuka. An sanya takin ko takin a cikin kowane rijiyar, kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa daga rijiyar ta gaba. Kafin sprouts Bloom, suna sau biyu spud. Rashin daidaituwa na hanyar: lokacin da weeding, tushen tsarin na iya rauni; Saboda da yawa tsari na shuke-shuke, yana da wuya a sassauta ƙasa a kewayen bushes da babban adadin kwari tara a kansu. Shuka da tsirrai masu tsalle-tsalle tare da wannan hanyar ita ce yawan motsa jiki.

A cikin crests

Akwai wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa ke lalata amfanin gona saboda kusancinsu. A irin waɗannan wuraren kuma a kan ƙasa da aka rufe yumɓu, ana shuka dankali ta wannan hanyar. Masu tarairaya suna haifar da tsaunuka masu tsayi, tsayin dinta wanda yake 15 cm.Iri tsakanin su shine kusan cm 60-70. An dasa madaidaicin akan leɓunansu a kowane cm 25-30. Anan, kuma, akwai haɗarin lalacewar tushen yayin rami, ƙari, za ku yi tinker tare da irin ƙwaro dankalin turawa. Amma fa amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce cewa a kan tsarukan danshi suna bushewa da sauri, kuma wannan yana kare froman tazari daga juyawa. Wani fa'ida ba aiki ne na hannu ba, amma kerarre ne.

A cikin maɓallin

Shiri ya fara faduwa. Ba kamar hanyar da ta gabata ba, an haƙa raren don kiyaye danshi. Sun tono rami tare da faɗin bayoneti ɗaya don felu da kuma zurfin iri ɗaya, game da cm 40. Faɗin jere shine bayonets guda biyu, shine 80 cm. A cikin kaka, an saka bambaro a cikin rami, an murƙushe shi da taki daga sama, an kara takin mai da albasa (ƙara tsoratar da wireworm). A cikin bazara, sprouted tubers an dage farawa a saman shirye takin, yayyafa su da ƙasa. A sakamakon haka, suna warmed, moistened, ba sa bukatar ƙarin shayarwa, da karɓar takin mai magani daga takin, wanda ke shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Rashin daidaituwa sun haɗa da matsala tare da shiri na ramuka a cikin fall. Kuma idan bazara ruwan sama-kayan lambu na iya rot.

Fasahar Amurka

Wannan wata dabara ce mai zurfin ruwa wacce take amfani da tsarin 22x22x22. A nesa na 22 cm daga ramuka makwabta, sun tono rami mai zurfin 22 cm. Kayan lambu da aka girka a ciki yana ba da tushe mai tsayi a ƙasa, wanda akan ɗaura matasa dankali tare da tsawon tsawon. Amma wannan zabin ya dace da haske, yashi mara nauyi. A cikin ƙasa loamy, dankali zai lalace.

Fasahar Dutch

Yana bayar da dasa shuki dankali a cikin manyan gadaje. Dankali ana shuka su cikin rijiyoyin da takin zamani. Hilling bushes, da ƙasa aka raked daga cikin titi. Tare da nisa mai nisa tsakanin gadaje, tsarin tushe bai lalace ba. Shuka bushes girma, sassauta kasar gona a kusa da su.

Hanyar Mitlider

Dangane da fasaha na masanin kimiyyar, ana shuka tubers a bisa tsarin makirci mai zuwa. Ba gadaje da ke da kusan 35 cm alama tare da sanduna da igiyoyi a kan shingen .. Layukan kusan 90-100 cm aka saukad da su.Wasu gadaje da aka yi wa ƙasa an tono su kuma kasance cikin wurin shekaru da yawa. Sa’annan tukunyar ƙasa kera su. Akwar da aka gina ciki daga ciki ana hada shi da ash, takin, damfar kaza. Ana dasa tubers da aka dasa a cikin layuka biyu a cikin tsarin dubawa bayan santimita 30. Har sai launi ya bayyana, ana narkar da su sau biyu kuma a haɗa su, ba tare da saka ciyawar ba. Babban alfanun wannan hanyar shine bushes dankalin Turawa wanda baya buƙatar sarrafa shi tare da glanders. Irin wannan zaɓi mai girma ya dace da karamin yanki, kuma a lokaci guda tsire-tsire suna ba da girbi mai kyau. Iyakar abin da korau: dole ne ku yi tinker tare da shiri na gadaje.

Saukowa a karkashin bambaro

Kakanninmu sun san yadda ake shuka dankali a ƙarni na 19. A wannan yanayin, ana girbe shafin a cikin bazara, yana rufe shi da bambaro a cikin yadudduka da yawa. A lokacin hunturu, yakan tashi zuwa takin. A lokacin bazara, ana shuka dankali a cikin cakuda abinci, suna buɗe bututun cm cm 70 maimakon a yi weeding, ana ƙara ƙara ciyawa a kowane lokaci. Hanyar tana da kyau saboda bushes ba sa buƙatar sako da spud, akwai kusan babu kwari da dankalin turawa. Tashin hankali bugu da warari yana warms da tubers, da waɗanda ba tare da lamba tare da ƙasa tono sama mai tsabta a cikin fall.

Girma dankali a karkashin agrofibre ko kwali

Zaɓin ya yi kama da ɗayan “bambaro” ɗaya, ana amfani da kayan musamman ko kwali a maimakon. Ana yada zane a kan rami da wuraren hadi, an yanke ramuka a sama da ramuka inda ake shuka 'ya'yan itace tare da an dasa fure. Agro-fiber tarkuna sako tsaba. Shafin ba ya buƙatar ciyawa, shayarwa da takin, tunda duk abubuwan da suke buƙatar ci gaban suna ƙarƙashin fim ɗin. Iyakar abin da ba daidai ba ne don siyan kayan.

Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawara: girma dankali ga maƙaryaci

Yadda za a dasa dankali ba tare da yin ƙoƙari sosai ba? A cikin jaka, ganga da kwalaye. Ga masu lambu, wannan zai zama ainihin shawara.

Wannan hanyar ita ce manufa don kananan dabbobin earthen.

1. Ana zubar da ruwa a cikin jaka, an ƙara ƙasa. Sprouted dankali ake sanya a saman, yafa masa wata earthen cakuda da takin, dauka a daidai rabbai. Da zaran farkon farawa sun bayyana, suna ƙara cakuda abinci mai gina jiki a cikin jaka, suna rufe su gaba ɗaya. Don girma dankali, an ƙara cakuda earthen sau da yawa. Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar yawan shayarwa da taki, kamar yadda ƙasa a cikin jaka ta bushe da sauri.
2. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ganga, ana amfani da irin wannan fasaha, ramuka kawai aka haƙa a cikin tanki don samun iska a kusa da ɗayan wurin kuma an cire ƙasa. Erswararrun ƙwararrun masanan sun yi iƙirarin cewa ta wannan hanyar yana yiwuwa a tattara kusan jakar dankali.
3. Idan an yi girma kayan lambu a cikin kwalaye, dole ne a kammala aikin su kamar yadda bushes ɗin suke girma. An ɗora ƙananan drawer akan tubalin don samun iska mai kyau. Isarshen ya rufe da takarda, ana zuba lãka mai yalwa, an ƙara ƙasa mai daɗi kuma an sanya dankali, an rufe shi da cakuda ƙasa. Roaƙaro da ke duban akwatin zai sanar wa mai shi cewa lokaci ya yi da za a saka wani akwatin daga sama, a ƙara wasu ƙazanta. Sabili da haka suna yin kafin lokacin budadawa. Fa'idodin “zaɓi ga mai laushi” shine cewa babu buƙatar sako da ɓarnatar da tsire-tsire, girbi mai yiwuwa ne ba tare da samun babban tsari ba. Rashin daidaituwa ya haɗa da yawan shayarwa.

Kammalawa

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, na dukkan hanyoyin, masana ilimin tsirrai sun zabi wanda zai ba da amfanin gona mai inganci kuma ya dace da wani yanki.

Da yake yana da ilimin sanin hanya mafi kyau don dasa dankali, ɗaukar nau'ikan da ke son duka ƙasa da yanayi, tare da kulawa da kulawa da kyau, kaka zata faranta ran girbi mai kyau. Kuna buƙatar kawai ku bi dokoki masu sauƙi da ƙauna don aiki a ƙasa.