Kokwamba: dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin budewa

Kokwamba ta gari shine shuka shekara-shekara na dangin kabewa. Sunan ya fito ne daga yaren helenanci kuma yana nufin rashin inganci. A cikin littattafan tunani akan Botany yana nufin berries marasa tushe, amma bisa ga yawancin halayen na dafuwa an ayyana shi azaman kayan lambu. Kula da bushes abu ne mai sauki, amma bin shawarwarin da aka ba da shawara, zaku iya samun girbi mai albarka lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe.

Kokwamba: asirin girma

Kowane mai lambu yana da nasa asirin zuwa girma. Wasu suna amfani da hanyar seedling, wasu suna shuka iri kai tsaye cikin ƙasa, ana iya shuka su ko bushe. Zaɓin farko ya dace da waɗanda suke son samun amfanin gona makonni 2 da suka gabata.

A cikin yanayin ƙasa buɗe, ana iya girma cucumbers a hanyoyi da yawa:

• An gina gadaje masu ɗumi akan katako daga katako ko kuma ƙurar alkama mafi girma, a cikinsu akwai abubuwan da ke cike da dumama-rai. Increaseara yawan zafin jiki ya faru ne sakamakon sakin carbon dioxide.
• Tsire-tsire masu haɗe zuwa trellises.
• Garkunan da aka yi da fim ko kayan tare da ba tare da firam ba.
• A cikin ganga.
• A cikin tsirar takin.
• Kwanciya a kan gadaje, irin wannan namo yana buƙatar isasshen ƙasa kyauta.

Siffofin wannan kayan lambu shine: buƙatar ruwa da kuma ban ruwa na gadaje, ingantaccen haske, ɗumi, garters don tallafawa da takin gargajiya.

Zaɓin nau'in kokwamba don buɗe ƙasa

Kafin dasa shuki cucumbers, wajibi ne don sanin iri-iri, waɗanda ya kamata a zaɓa bisa ga waɗannan halaye:

• Yankin da za a shuka amfanin gona. Shuke-shuke da aka yi niyya don noma a kudu, a cikin yankin yanayin sanyi ba zai karɓa ya mutu ba.
• Kalmar karban farkon cucumbers: farkon zuwa gajerun hunturu mai sanyi, da tsakiyar kaka da marigayi don zafi da dogon lokacin rani.
• Muhimmin abu zai zama kai pollination na bushes ko kuma buƙatar ƙwayar kwari-pollen.
• Dalilin yin amfani da ganye: don sabon abinci ko adanawa, har da halayen dandano da girman fruitan itacen.
• Yin tsayayya da cututtukan kwaro, cututtuka da yanayin yanayi.

Namowar halittu a shafin shima yana da babban da - itace mai tsawo. Koyaya, ba shi yiwuwa a sami kayan dasa daga irin wannan tsire-tsire, tunda a kakar wasa ta gaba tsaba ba sa fitar da halayen mahaifiyar daji.

Daban-daban na garin kankara domin bude fili

Lokacin zabar iri-iri, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa farkon suna da ɗan gajeren ɗan itace kuma sun fi saurin kamuwa da cuta fiye da waɗanda suka gabata. Tebur zai ƙayyade dasa wani matasan dangane da taro na kokwamba da yawan amfanin ƙasa:

Seedling girma cucumbers

Wannan hanyar ta dace da yankuna tare da yanayin bazara mai sanyi da tsayi. Akwai da yawa ab advantagesbuwan amfãni daga pre-girma seedlings:

• ba ku damar samun farkon girbi a ƙarshen bazara - a watan Mayu;
• matasa cucumbers sun faɗi cikin ƙasa bayan dawowar ƙanƙarar ruwa kuma ba za ku iya jin tsoron ƙananan yanayin ƙasa ba;
• ya fi sauƙi a bincika ƙwayoyin, kuma takin a gida.

Koyaya, kamar kowane, hanyar seedling yana da nasa hasara:

• Tsarin girma yana da tsayi kuma yana da aiki. Yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da kayan dasa kuma shirya cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki.
• Bushes da aka samu ta wannan hanyar da sauri sun daina kawo 'ya'yan itace da bushe gaba ɗaya ta tsakiyar bazara.

Zaɓin wurin da kuma shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Don narkar da cucumbers, ya kamata ka zaɓi yanki mai amfani da rana, tare da damar samun haske daga kariya daga iska mai sanyi da iska mai sanyi. Lokacin dasawa, yana da matukar mahimmanci a lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona; zaku iya dasa shuka wuri guda sau ɗaya a cikin kowane shekaru 4. Zai fi kyau sanya wannan kayan lambu bayan barkono, tumatir, kabeji, albasa ko tafarnuwa.

Imal asa mafi kyau don haɓaka tsaka tsaki ne ko ɗan ɗanɗano acidH pH 5-7. Alkaline yanayi bai dace da dasa ba, saboda yana shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Kafin girma, kuna buƙatar shirya gado kafin lokacin kaka:

• tono ƙasa.
• ƙara takin, humus ko taki, da ƙari kuma potassium da superphosphate;
• maimakon kwayoyin, kuma amfani da taki ma'adinai: ammonium nitrate da urea.

Kuna iya gina gado mai dumi akan rukunin yanar gizon, saboda wannan ya zama dole don yin dandamali game da m 1 daga sassan sassa na tsire-tsire da ƙasa, kuma sanya hay a garesu. Lokacin da tsayi daidai yake da 20 cm, zaku iya ci gaba zuwa samuwar gefen, mulle cikakke ne don wannan. Dole ne a tayar da gefen tsarin ta hanyar 60 cm, kuma a tsakiyar ƙara ƙasa mai ko ƙasa ko humus. Bayan haka rufe tsarin tare da fim kuma jira kwanaki 3-4. Idan aka yi amfani da bambaro, da farko za a zuba shi da ruwan zãfi, sannan a rufe.

Saukowa a cikin iri da kuma seedlings

Domin amfanin gona na kayan lambu don farantawa girbin mai yawa, dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa dole ne a aiwatar da shi bisa ga ka'idodi. Homelandasar kokwamba shine tropics da subtropics na Indiya, wannan yana nuna cewa zafi da yawan zafin jiki sun zama sigogi masu mahimmanci. Ya kamata a dumama ƙasa da isasshen zafi, ƙimar mafi ƙarancin + 10 ... +12 ° C, kuma iska har zuwa + 14 ° C. Mafi kyawun yanayi: + 24 ... +28 ° C, kuma matsakaicin ƙimar izini don haɓakawa da haɓaka shine + 30 ° C, saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar yin ƙwaya da shuka a cikin ƙasa ba.

Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da tsaba a bushe, ba tare da soaking ko tsiro ba. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don maganin: tare da bayani mai duhu mai ruwan hoda na potassiumganganate, chlorhexidine, kore mai haske ko siyan maganin Fitosporin. Tsarin masarafin rana yana da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye: shekaru 5-6, kuma yana da kyau a yi amfani da riga mai faɗi 3-4 yanayi. Wajibi ne a rufe ta har zuwa zurfin cm 2 Don haɓaka mai daɗi, nisan da ke tsakanin yatsun ya kamata ya zama aƙalla cm 50. Idan an dasa bushes ɗin sau da yawa, dole ne a cire masu rauni.

Idan an zaɓi shuka ta hanyar seedling, yana da kyau a lissafa lokacin shuka tsaba, saboda tsiron zai iya girma kuma ya shimfiɗa ko, kuma, ta haka, bai isa ya sami ƙarfi ba lokacin canja zuwa gonar. Matsakaicin yawan ƙwayar seedling: 20-25 days. A Kudu, wannan ya kamata a yi a watan Mayu, kuma a tsakiyar layi a farkon watan Yuni, bayan dumama ƙasar da rashin sanyi.

Kafin kwanciyar hankali zuwa wuri na dindindin, ana buƙatar shirya cucumbers, don wannan, ranar kafin hanya, dakatar da bushe ƙasa. Idan ya cancanta, jigilar kwantena cikin akwati. Idan yayi sanyi a waje, zaku iya sanya kwalban ruwan dumi tsakanin kofuna don dumama.

A kan gadaje, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa da tono ramuka tare da zurfin daidai yake da ƙarar kwantena wanda ake girke seedlings. Kafin motsi da bushes, cikin ramuka dole ne a zubar, duk da haka, wuce haddi ruwa zai cutar da tushen. Lokacin dasawa, dole ne a cire cucumbers a hankali daga gilashin, yana da mahimmanci don yin wannan tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, don kada a lalata tsarin tushen m. Ba za ku iya ja saman ba, zaku iya karya seedling. Ba lallai ba ne a yi zurfin zurfin zurfin cikin ba, kuma ya fi kyau shuka samfuran kuzari a ƙarƙashin ƙaramar gangara. Matsakaicin izini mai zurfi shine 1-2 cm.

Lokacin daidaitawa a cikin ƙasa shine kwanaki 5-6, ganye ya kamata ya daidaita kuma mai tushe ya daidaita. Idan bushes duba rauni, farko m miya ana amfani. Tare da canje-canjen zafin jiki, kwanaki da yawa ana iya rufe tsire-tsire matasa tare da kayan ko fim.

Siffofin kula da kokwamba a cikin bude ƙasa

Kula da cucumbers a cikin filin mai sauki ne kuma ya qunshi samar da daji, takin zamani da kuma shara. Idan kun kusanci wannan da ma'ana, zaku iya samun kyawawan bushes da kyawawan 'ya'yan itace.

Watse

Kokwamba wata al'ada ce da ke son shayarwa da yawan shayarwa na yau da kullun, duk da haka, a cikin ruwan sama mai nauyi da tushen sa, tsire-tsire na iya zama tushen lalacewa. Don kauce wa cututtuka, ya zama dole a dakatar da danshi a ƙasa a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa +15 ° C, yana da kyau a sassauta ƙasa tsakanin bushes. Saboda haɗarin cutar, ya kamata ku gwada kada ku sami ruwa a kan kore na shuka.

Mafi kyawun ruwa shine ruwan sama a ciki tare da mafi yawan oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki masu amfani, lallai ne ya zama mai dumama, zafin jiki shine + 22 ... +25 ° C. Watering sanyi ba da shawarar, saboda wannan, bushes girma more sannu a hankali, talauci kafa da ovaries fada. Mafi kyawun lokacin don lalatar da ƙasa shine maraice maraice.

Koyaya, tare da rashin ruwa, ba kawai bushes da tushen tsarin ke wahala ba, wannan yana shafar bayyanar da dandano na fruitsa fruitsan. Suna girma ƙanana da zama mai ɗaci.

Wadancan 'yan lambu ba sa iya ziyartar ɗakunan rani a kai a kai, amma suna son samar da kayan lambu tare da duk abin da ya wajaba don haɓaka, ya kamata su gina na'urar ban ruwa daga kwalban filastik. Fa'idodin hanyar ita ce kasancewarsa, sauƙin ƙira da gyara. A cikin akwati cike da ruwa, awl ko allura, yi ramuka 3-4 tare da diamita na 1-2 mm a nesa na 2 cm daga ƙasa. Binne kwandon a cikin ƙasa, barin murfi a farfajiya ta hanyar abin da zaku iya ƙara ruwa yayin da yake cirewa.

Manyan miya

Manyan riguna muhimmin bangare ne na kulawar kokwamba. Gama tsawon lokacin ciyayi, ya wajaba a yi takin sau 3-4 don kada a kuskure, wannan ya kamata a yi shi bisa ga wannan tsarin:

• Bayan daidaitawa da seedlings, don inganta kasar gona da kuma sanya diluted taki a cikin kudi of 2: 1, don kare kwanaki 5. Don lafiya bushes da guga na 5 lita, da kuma rauni a kowace lita.
• A karo na biyu lokacin da aka kafa buds da ovaries, ana ciyar dasu da abun guda wanda za'a iya ƙara potassium da phosphorus.
• A lokacin haihuwar aiki 'ya'yan itace: 1 tbsp na ash ta 1. Har ila yau, sanya kowane kwanaki 10 da mafita ta mullein tare da ƙari na nitroammophoski: 1 tbsp. l 10 lita

Da takin mai magani na madadin ƙasa tare da foliar. Da kyau aka fesa tare da urea, daga abin da kuke buƙatar samar da mafita: 1 tsp. akan 10 l na ruwa. Wannan zai taimaka wa cucumbers sosai a lokacin gina rawanin kore. Koyaya, ya zama dole a cikin lokaci tare da irin wannan aiki kafin bayyanar furanni. Daga yellowing na takardar faranti, diluted soda zai taimaka: 0.5 tbsp. l na 5 lita

Halita

Gyara bushes shine muhimmin sashi na kula da cucumbers, wannan yana hana tsirrai daga cututtuka da yawa, haka kuma yana tasiri sosai ga penananan gidajen kora. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don yin girma ita ce ɗaure lashes zuwa trellises na katako tare da sel masu wuya. Abubuwan zane suna da matukar kyau a cikin lambun kuma suna ba da dama ga duk tsirrai da kulawa mai sauƙi. Kowane daji yana buƙatar cire ƙananan faranti na ganye da harbe, za'a iya barin sashin na sama.

Idan ana amfani da tsutsotsi ko igiyoyi a matsayin goyan baya, to, ana iya yin kokwamba a cikin ƙaya ɗaya, kuma an cire kullun gefen.

Muhimmin mahimmanci shine - pinching, fruiting da tsammanin rayuwa na kowane daji ya dogara da su. Don kada shuka ya yi tsayi da yawa, kuma yajin da aka yi ya yi sauri a cikin jerin harbe-harbe, kana buƙatar cire wuraren haɓaka. Tare da daidaitawar da ta dace, daji yakamata ya yi kama da dogo mai tsayi tare da gajerun lashes da suke shimfidawa daga gare ta. Bayyanan kananan fruitsan itace a cikin ganyayyaki 3-4 shima ya karye, saboda suna ƙin haifar da adadin manyan ƙwayoyin ciki.

Girbi

Wajibi ne don tattara cucumbers sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki 2, lokacin da suka isa girman ganiya don wannan iri-iri, kuma kada ku ajiye kan bushes. Mafi kyawun agogon safiya ne, don haka ganyen ganyen ba ya bushe kuma ya kasance na tsawon lokaci. Karku cire 'ya'yan itacen daga bulala da hannuwanku, amma a yanke tare da almakashi ko wuka mai kaifi. Ya kamata a ba a kunna ganyen ganye sau da yawa, faranti ganye ya kamata ya duba.

Cutar da kwari

Kowace kakar, lokacin girma cucumbers, lambu hadu da kwari da farkon alamun cutar. Ba wai kawai girbi na gaba ba ne, har ma da lafiyar tsire-tsire wani lokacin ya dogara da magani a kan kari. Teburin da ke ƙasa zai taimaka wajen gano dalilin kuma gano ingantacciyar hanyar.

Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawara: shawarwari don bunkasa cucumbers

Domin girbi ya kasance yalwatacce, da kuma kula da shuka ba ya haifar da matsala, akwai dabaru da yawa:

• Hanya mafi dacewa don girma shine a tsaye. Sako ne rage girman ta kawai mulching kasar gona.
• A lokacin fruiting, bushes ɗin bazai goyi bayan nauyin cucumbers ba kuma ya fasa, don guje wa wannan, ana buƙatar ƙarin tallafi.
• Faɗaɗɗun katako na iya fara jujjuya idan danshi ya hau kansu. Don kauce wa wannan, iyakar kafin sanya su a cikin ƙasa ana bi da su da maganin gishiri tare da fetur a 1 lita na 200 g, kuma sashi na sama tare da 5% na tagulla sulfate.
• Idan akwai hasken rana mai yawa a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa, zaku iya shuka albarkatu masu girma kamar sunflower ko masara. Lokacin da suka yi girma, ganyen dabino da aka dasa a gefansu ana iya haɗa su.
• M wayoyi biyu na waya cikakke ne don ɗaure harbe zuwa sandun.
• Daga dogon ruwa sama da bushes za a kiyaye shi ta miƙa filastik fim. Kuma daga sanyi zai kare abu mai laushi wanda zaka iya ɓoye trellis tare da tsire-tsire a haɗe da su.
• Don ƙananan lambuna, gina ƙafafun kekuna da bututun ƙarfe sun dace. A wannan yanayin, an haɗa lashes a kan baki ko maɗaurin allura ta hanyar guda ɗaya a cikin da'irar.
• Madadin ruwa na talakawa, a sha ruwan acidified. Appleara apple cider vinegar a cikin rijiya ko ruwan sama, don lita 200 1.5 tbsp ya isa.

Shuka cucumbers a cikin gidan rani aiki ne mai wahala amma aiki mai kayatarwa. Tare da zaɓin da ya dace na iri-iri da kuma kiyaye ka'idoji don kula da wannan amfanin gona, zaku iya samun girbin amfanin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗumbin yawa ba tare da haushi ba.