Tsire-tsire masu girma, kusan kowane lambu yana fuskantar matsalar matsalar yellowing da tafarnuwa. Wannan na iya zama na al'ada, kamar yadda ganye yakan zama rawaya a lokacin rani, wanda yake nuna lokacin girbi. Amma me yasa ganye suka juya launin rawaya a tafarnuwa a cikin bazara? Ta hanyar kirka tafarnuwa mai laushi, zaka iya gano ƙananan launi, ƙusoshin ƙwayoyin cuta, ɓaɓɓugar lalacewa, da sauran abubuwan hauka. Yana iya zama cewa tafarnuwa yana da kyau bayan girbi, amma bayan wata daya ya zama taushi kuma ya nuna alamun lalata. Da ke ƙasa an samo bayani. fungi, karin kwari, da sauran matsalolin da zasu iya tasiri ga yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Ruwan ruwan sanyi suna barazana ga tafarnuwa
Bambanta spring (spring) da hunturu (hunturu) tafarnuwa. A lambu sun lura cewa hunturu tafarnuwa mafi yawa juya rawaya. Yellowing of hunturu tafarnuwa sau da yawa yakan faru a farkon spring - a lokacin lokacin spring frosts. Rashin dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara ba zai sake rufe shuka ba, kuma ya zama m. A irin waɗannan yanayi, tushensu ya raunana, kuma tafarnuwa yana karɓar makamashi daga jikinta.
Girma mai zurfi yana sa daskaran tafarnuwa da bayyanar launin rawaya. Saboda haka, saukowa ne mafi ƙare a zurfin 5-7 cm. Hakanan zaka iya hana yellowing ta hanyar rufe matasan tafarnuwa tare da filastik filastik.
Idan ka lura cewa tafarnuwa an riga an fallasa shi zuwa farkon ruwan sanyi, bi da shuka tare da mai da hankali sosai a wuri-wuri. A saboda wannan, irin wadannan kwayoyin halitta kamar "Epin" da "Zircon" suna da kyau. Wadannan kwayoyi sun inganta furanni, tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu fama da cutar.
Tashin ƙasa mai guba yana haifar da yellowing na ganye.
Wani dalili ne dalilin da ya sa tsire-tsire hunturu ya juya launin rawaya yana cikin ƙasa mai acidic. Tafarnuwa ita ce shuka da ke samar da girbi mai kyau a kan ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki. Kuma tare da babban acidity na kasar gona da bayyanar da shuka deteriorates. Sulu tafarnuwa ƙasa ne cikakken ba dace. Ƙasar za ta kasance mai isasshen ruwan sanyi da haɓakar oxygen.
Za'a iya rage yawan acidity na ƙasa, wannan ya kamata a yi a lokacin fall. Dole ne a shirya limestone. Ana gabatar da lemun tsami a cikin wadannan siffofin: don ƙasa mai karfi acid (PH 4 da žasa) - 50-70 kilogiram na lemun tsami, na matsakaici na acid (PH 4-5) - 35- 45 kg, da kuma dan kadan acidic (PH 5-6), 30- 35 kg. Dole ne a haɗu da katako a ƙasa tare da ƙasa, sannan kuma za'a iya gina gadaje don dasa tafarnuwa. Amma ya dace, don hana rawayawar shuka a nan gaba, yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da manyan cloves na tafarnuwa don dasa. Bugu da kari, watering gadaje bada shawarar kawai bayan mulching.
Nitrogen rashi da tafarnuwa
Adadin iyakar nitrogen a cikin ƙasa shine sau da yawa amsar tambaya akan dalilin da ya sa ganye na tafarnuwa ya juya rawaya a cikin bazara. An dasa shi kafin farkon hunturu, shuke-shuke sukan fuskanci yunwa na yunwa. Don kauce wa wannan, a cikin kaka kana buƙatar amfani da ammonium sulfate.
Hanyar asarar nitrogen daga ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana faruwa a cikin kakar ruwan sama sosai. Rain ya wanke taki daga ƙasa. Don hana cikewar tafarnuwa na tafarnuwa, an wajaba don takin kasar gona a farkon lokacin bazara lokacin da tsire-tsire suke cikin karfin ci gaba. Zai fi kyau takin ƙasar don tafarnuwa tare da kayan aiki ko ma'adinai. Urea (carbamide) ko man fetur mai kyau suna da kyau sosai kamar yadda takin mai magani yake.
A matsayin mai mulkin tsakanin layuka na tafarnuwa yi m grooves kuma sa akwai taki (bisa ga umarnin). Ana buƙatar tsagera, sa'an nan ku zuba yankin da ruwa. Don kiyaye ƙasa m, shi ne mafi alhẽri a saman ban da takin gargajiya ko bushe humus.
Shin kuna sani? Masana masu kwarewa sun bada shawara kan wani fasaha na aiwatar da amfani da takin mai magani zuwa kasar gona. Da farko, an shirya wani bayani: 20 g na taki da guga na ruwa. Sa'an nan kuma wannan bayani shine yankin shayarwa. Sabili da haka, ainihin hanyar ita ce ruwa da takin mai magani an riga an haɗe su. Wannan hanya ya fi tasiri, tun da abubuwa da suka dace sun tafi tafarnuwa.
Me ya sa rawaya ganye na tafarnuwa, kasa watering shuke-shuke
Idan ganyen tafarnuwa ya juya launin rawaya, kuma ba ku san dalilin da yasa ba, to lallai dalili yana iya kasancewa a cikin rashin ruwa na shuka. Rashin rashin ruwa yakan haifar da canji a cikin launi na ganye.
Kar ka manta da hankali kuma a wanke ruwa da tafarnuwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin watan Mayu-Yuni, lokacin da aka fara shuka shuka. A cikin bazara, bayan narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, wajibi ne a saka idanu da yanayin ƙasa. Don yin wannan, sassauta ƙasa karkashin tafarnuwa, bayan haka ya zama bayyananne ko kasar gona ta isa ruwa. Idan damshin bai isa ba, ya kamata ka fara amfani da tafarnuwa.
Idan ka lura matsanancin ƙasa danshi, to, ku Dole ne mu sanya tashar tashar ruwa tare da dukkan layuka na tafarnuwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da tafasa tafarnuwa, yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da ruwan da ya zauna kuma ya warke har wani lokaci a rana. Tare da bazara sosai, tare da hazo, kimanin lita 10 na ruwa za a kashe ta mita 1. Kawai kar ka manta tsakanin watering don yin kwanciyar hankali, kimanin kwanaki 9.
Ta yaya rashin cin potassium ya shafi tafarnuwa?
Tafarnuwa yana da matukar damuwa ga rashi na potassium: matasa ganye na tafarnuwa juya rawaya, wither da bushe; Tushen sun lalace; hana shuka girma. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a yi amfani da takin zamani tare da potassium sulfate a cikin adadin 20 gn da 10 l na ruwa. Potassium yana ƙarfafa ci gaban tafarnuwa, inganta ma'aunin ruwa, qara yawan tsire-tsire na fari da kwari, inganta yanayin sanyi.
Ana iya bincikar rukuni na potassium ba kawai da launin yellowed, amma kuma ta hanyar bayyanar da ƙananan ƙanshin gefen gefen gefen ganye - "ƙirar ƙora". Rashin girma daga cikin ganye yana yiwuwa, sun zama na bakin ciki da nutsewa.
Wood ash yana da amfani a matsayin yanayin taki. Ash ne mai kyau potash da phosphate taki. Yayyafa ash a kananan ƙananan (a madadin 100 g / m). An haɓaka ƙasa tare da abubuwa masu ma'adinai da suka dace don shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tafarnuwa ba ya jure wa gaban chlorine. Saboda haka, shine potassium sulphate, ba potassium chloride, wanda ake amfani dashi a matsayin tushen potassium don ciyar da foliar.
Cututtuka na tafarnuwa da yellowing ganye
Wasu lokuta yana da wuya a fahimci abin da ke faruwa tare da shuka. Kawai bincike mai kyau zai taimaka wajen tantance ainihin dalilin da ya sa ganye na tafarnuwa ya juya launin rawaya, da abin da za a yi a irin wannan halin da ake ciki. Yi kokarin gwada yanayin farko na ƙasa da kuma tsarki na kayan kaya. Cututtuka na hunturu tafarnuwa sun bayyana a matsayin turbid haske kore spots a kan ganye, to, ganye juya rawaya. Sakamakon leaf yana rinjayar shugaban tafarnuwa, kasancewa har sai lokacin bazara.
Mafi yawan cututtuka na tafarnuwa shine:
Tsarin tafarnuwa na fari. Ganye na shuke-shuke da suka shafi shuke-shuke sunyi launin rawaya da kuma fade, da kwararan fitila yayi nisa kuma an rufe shi da fararen fata. Haka kuma cutar ta ci gaba sosai a cikin bazara da kuma lokacin da babu abinci mai gina jiki da nitrogen. Idan tafarnuwa ya kamu da launi mai tsabta, zai zama da wuya sosai don kawar da wannan naman gwari. Rawan fari zai iya zama a cikin ƙasa har tsawon shekaru 30 kuma yana aiki sosai a yanayin sanyi, yanayi. Ana iya ganin launin fari a kan tushe na ganye, kusa da ƙasa.
Bar barin farawa daga matakai ya juya rawaya ba tare da jimawa ba. Tsirrai, kwararan fitila, sa'an nan kuma tushen ya fara fashe. Tsire-tsire daya bayan wani ya mutu. A duk faɗin tafarnuwa da aka yaduwa zai iya ganin samfurori na fari. Don kare tafarnuwa daga fari rot, amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai (misali, ammonium nitrate). Kada ka manta game da ruwan sha na yau da kullum, musamman a lokacin fari (a spring).
Ƙaramar Basal. Wannan naman gwari yana samuwa a kusan dukkanin kasa, amma, a matsayin mai mulki, ba babban matsala ba ne idan tsire-tsire ba su raunana ta wasu matsaloli ba. Samun rawaya yana farawa tare da matakai na ganye kuma ya motsa ƙasa. Kwayar tana kama da kamuwa da fari, amma tafarnuwa ya saurara a hankali.
Wannan yaudarar basal rot shine cewa ba'a iya ganuwa a ƙasa har sai tafarnuwa ya juya launin rawaya. A lokacin ajiya, basal rot ya ci gaba da rushe girbin tafarnuwa. Bayan lura da ganyen yellowed, ba da daɗewa cire tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire don hana yaduwar cutar. Rashin ƙarancin kayan shuka tare da magani mai amfani "Thiram" zai taimaka wajen yaki da basal rot.
Black fata na tafarnuwa ko asperillosis. An yi la'akari da ƙwayar fata a matsayin cuta mai hatsarin gaske. Babban dalili na bayyanar shine yanayin yanayin zafi ba daidai ba. Musamman sau da yawa yawan kamuwa da cuta yana shafe tafarnuwa marar kyau. Tsire-tsire suna samun siffar rashin lafiya, kwararan fitila ya zama taushi, kuma ganye - rawaya.
Fusarium Wani mawuyacin cuta na tafarnuwa, wanda ganye ya juya rawaya, shine fusarium. Dalilin wannan cututtukan ya ta'allaka ne a babban zafi ko kuma ya wuce haddi. Tuni a cikin aiwatar da ripening ganye juya rawaya, fara daga sosai saman. Haka kuma cutar tana nuna kanta kamar yadda launin ruwan kasa ya kasance a kan mai tushe. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne mu bi da tafarnuwa da potassium permanganate bayani.
Green (blue) mold ko penicillus. A mold yana kama da shuɗi-kore rot a kan cloves da tafarnuwa. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a cikin iska kuma yana rinjayar yawan tafarnuwa. Tsire-tsire suna juya rawaya kuma mutu. Amma mafi sau da yawa ruwan kore yana rinjayar tafarnuwa bayan girbi, saboda rashin kulawa mara kyau. Wajibi ne don sarrafa tafarnuwa lokacin ajiya kuma cire lalacewar lalacewa.
Downy mildew ko perinospora. Wannan naman gwari yana ƙaunar sanyi, ruwan sama. Kwararrun suna iya tsira a cikin ƙasa har tsawon shekaru. Haka kuma cututtuka na iya kaiwa ga annobar cutar. Kwayoyin suna rufe launin fatar launin fatar launin fata kamar dew. Saurin ci gaba da ci gaba da shuka. A ganye juya rawaya, wani lokacin shrink da blacken. Matasan shuke-shuke zasu iya mutu. Don kare kasar gona daga peronosporoza amfani da nazarin halittu (biofungicides).
Neck (m) rot. Abun kunya ko launin toka mai launin fata shine mafi yawancin cututtuka da lalacewar tafarnuwa. Wannan naman gwari yana rayuwa a cikin ƙasa kuma yana cinye tafarnuwa a cikin dumi, tsabtataccen yanayi.
Kwayar cuta tana da wuyar sarrafawa a wuri mai sanyi: ruwan sama mai yawa ko wuce kima zai iya bunkasa cigabanta. Har ila yau wuyansa rot manifests kanta a lokacin ajiya. Tsarin tumatir, baƙaƙen mai tushe da baƙar fata a tsakanin hakora su ne alamun wuyan wuyan wuya. Gwada saka idanu a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa kuma kai tsaye a kusa da kwararan fitila.
Tafarnuwa Rust. A maimakon hatsari cuta na tafarnuwa, da ganye juya launin rawaya, shi ne tsatsa. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a cikin iska. Rust likes da sanyi, rigar yanayi (high zafi). Gumun rawaya da spots suna bayyana akan ganye. Bayan lokaci, ganye suna juya orange da launin ruwan kasa. Good sakamakon a cikin yaki da tsatsa tafarnuwa ya ba da sinadaran aiki cloves kafin dasa.
Mosaic tafarnuwa. Ƙananan sassa na shuka sun fi fama da wannan cuta, wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kwayoyin tsire-tsire suna rufe jikin kore, rawaya ko fari.
Tafarnuwa Mosaic wata cuta ne mai bidiyo; ana haifar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban waɗanda ake daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar kayan shuka. Don hana wannan cutar, shuka kawai da lafiya tsaba. Kowace shekara, yi kokarin sabunta iri ta kimanin kashi 30%.
Dwarfism ja. Ba dukkanin ganye ganye suna da kamuwa da cutar ba, kuma irin yadda cutar ta shafi amfanin gona ya dogara da yanayin waje da matakin kamuwa da cuta. Alamun cututtuka sune launin rawaya a jikin ganye. Har ila yau, mai tushe ya yi launin rawaya, karkatarwa kuma yana ba da tsinkayen dwarf. Kwayar ba ta faruwa idan shuka tayi girma. Tsarin kariya a wannan yanayin shine hanya mafi kyau.
Babban kwari da tafarnuwa da yadda za a magance su
Tafarnuwa ne sau da yawa yakan kai hari ta hanyar kwari iri iri wanda yakan kara yanayin da ya haifar da yellowing. Ganyarda tafarnuwa daga irin wadannan kwari kamar yadda tushe nematode, albasa tashi, taba thrips, tushen mite.
Matsayi nematode. Babban kwaro na tafarnuwa ne mai amfani nematode. A waje, waɗannan ƙananan tsutsotsi ne masu linzuwa, wanda girmansa shine 1.5 mm. Amma, duk da kankanin size, suna da matukar damuwa, kuma basu kusan yiwuwa a kawar. Suna da haɗari sosai cewa suna iya kawo al'adun kayan lambu zuwa cikakken bushewa. Kwayar ta fi yawan ci gaba da kaiwa ƙasa sosai. Tsire-tsire bazai nuna wata alamar bayyanar cututtuka a yanayin sanyi ba, amma a cikin yanayin dumi za ku lura cewa tafarnuwa ya fara juya rawaya ba tare da dadewa ba.
Alamun alamun nematode:
- An rufe fatar-furen da ratsan haske mai tsawo.
- Ganye ya fara juya rawaya, curl da bushe.
- Daga tafarnuwa ya zo wari mai ban sha'awa.
- Gwanin tafarnuwa na farko ya zama sako-sako, sa'annan gaba ɗaya ya ɓace da kuma rots.
Daga shuke-shuke da ya kamu da ya kamata ya zama nan da nan kuma ba tare da baƙin ciki ba don kawar da - tono da ƙonawa fiye da gonar. In ba haka ba za su shafe tushen asali. Kada ka yi kokarin kawar da kwari da sinadarai. A wannan yanayin, ba su da amfani. A matsayin prophylactic, ya fi kyau amfani da ganye (calendula, thyme, Mint). Shirya ganyayyaki tare da gefuna na gadaje inda tafarnuwa ke tsiro.
Shin kuna sani? Kasashen da aka gurbata tare da nematode ya zama marasa dace don dasa shuki kayan lambu har ma bayan shekaru da yawa. Duk da haka, ana iya shuka ciyawa a cikin waɗannan yankunan.
Albasa mai tashi. Yana da furen kore-tagulla, kusan 10 mm tsawo. Ta lays qwai karkashin saman Sikeli na tafarnuwa. Larvae - babban abokin gaba na tafarnuwa, suna da abinci mai ban sha'awa. Yaren tafarnuwa a sarari sauri. Gidan ya raunana kuma ya mutu. Don yaki da albasa kwari yayi ƙoƙarin zaɓar kawai hatsi masu kyau don shuka, canza wuri na shuka.Kara thrips. Thrips suna da ƙananan haske mai launin elongated ko launin ruwan kasa (0.8-0.9 mm) tare da fuka-fuki. Suna son dumi, yanayin bushe. Duk da haka, thrips iya hunturu tsakanin tafarnuwa flakes da kuma kawo wani virus kamar rawaya dwarfism (da aka ambata a baya). Idan kana zaune a cikin yanayi mai dumi, za ka iya lura da shekaru 10 na wadannan kwari a yankinka a cikin sa'a ɗaya kawai.
Thrips shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace kai tsaye daga ganyen shuka. Halin halayen bayyanar wannan kwaro ne ƙananan tsalle a kan ganyen tafarnuwa. Ganye ya jawo, juya rawaya da bushe, fara daga saman. Thrips ci gaba da lalata tafarnuwa da lokacin ajiya. Don sarrafa wadannan kwari, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da sinadarai (kwari) ko kwayoyin halittu masu magungunan kashe qwari.
Tushen Tushen. A ƙarshe, kaska yana da ƙananan jiki (0.7 mm) tare da kafafu takwas. Kayan din yana iya ƙaddamar har zuwa qwai 800 a lokaci guda. An kafa sabuwar mite tsohuwar matashi cikin wata daya. Lokacin da mite ke ciyar da tafarnuwa, tafarnin tafarnuwa ya rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa, a sakamakon haka, ganye da tafarnuwa da furanni kanta sun bushe.
Don jimre wa mites tushen, gudanar da wani irin disinfection na dakin don dasa shuki amfanin gona (fumigation tare da sulfur dioxide ko chloropicrin). Dole ne a gudanar da wannan tsari a lokacin rani lokacin da sitocin ya zama cikakku. Duk sharar gida da datti dole ne a ƙone ta gaba daya. Har ila yau, kada ka manta game da canja wuri na shuka da kuma game da dubawar tsaba kafin dasa. A alamar farko na kamuwa da cuta, cire da ƙona kamuwa da kwayoyin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don tabbatar da girbi mai kyau, kada ku dasa tafarnuwa a yankin inda albarkatun ko dankali suka girma. Suna shafar cutar daya kamar tafarnuwa. Wadannan wurare zasu sake dacewa da saukowa bayan shekaru biyar.
A cikin yaki da cututtuka da kwari da tafarnuwa daya daga cikin manyan yanayi - Yi amfani kawai da lafiya, nau'in marasa lafiya. Tsarin tafarnuwa mai sauƙi ne. Bi wasu dokoki don kulawa da wannan amfanin gona, kuma za ku sami shakka ku sami albarkatun kuɗi!
