Goma

Yadda za a shuka da girma irgu a cikin lambun ku

Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa da ke buƙatar kulawar kulawa da kulawa suna ba da hankali sosai, kuma ba'a kula dasu ba tare da kulawa ba. Yana da irin wannan al'ada kuma yana da irga. Yawancin lokaci ana iya gani a wani wuri a gefen ɗakin baya. Amma ba kowa ba ne san cewa irga shi ne na musamman ornamental shuka, wanda aka daraja a ƙasashe da dama. A watan Mayu, yana murna da ido tare da fure-fure masu kama da kyan zuma, kuma a watan Satumba, Irga yana saye da kambi mai launin rawaya da rawaya. A cikin wannan labarin za ku koyi abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da shrub irga: dasa shuki da kulawa, haifuwa, namo, da wasu abubuwan masu amfani.

Yana da muhimmanci! Maganin Acid a cikin irgi ba su da yawa, don haka mutane masu yawan acidity zasu iya cin abinci lafiya.

Irga: bayanin shuka

Irga yana da sunayen da yawa, saboda haka bayaninsa yana da ban sha'awa sosai. A Ingila, wannan shrub an kira shadbush, wanda ke nufin "inuwa shrub"; juneberry - june Berry ko serviceberry - mai amfani Berry. An ba da sunan itacen-currant-itace (kirfa) zuwa Irga saboda yadda yake kama da kananan inabi. A cikin Rasha, an kira irgu a cikin gandun daji ko kuma wani ɓoye. A Arewacin Amirka - saskatoon (saskatoon). Harshen sunan wannan shuka shi ne malanche, wanda ma'anarsa shine "kawo zuma".

Irga genus yana cikin gidan Rosaceae. Ya ƙunshi nau'i 18 (bisa ga wasu tushe - 25), mafi yawan abin da suke girma a Arewacin Amirka. An gano Irga a kan gefen gandun daji, dutsen da ke dutsen, a cikin glades. A cikin sararin samaniya na Rasha, yawancin tsibirin irga ne, wanda mahaifinsa ya zama Caucasus da Crimea. A cikin Ukraine, game da nau'in nau'in jinsin wannan shuka suna sanannun: spiky irga, Kanada irga, jini ja irga da sauransu. Sau da yawa suna girma a cikin daji. Al'adu ya yada ta tsuntsaye, saboda haka ana iya samun irgu a gefen gandun daji.

Tsirewar ba ta jin tsoron fari da iska, yana jin dadi a kan kowane ƙasa, sai dai yankunan da bahar ruwa, ba sa ji tsoron tsuttsar rana. An bayyana mahimmancin Irriga kawai: asalin shuka ya sa hanyoyi biyu na zurfin zurfin mita biyu kuma suna raguwa cikin radius na mita biyu da rabi. Saboda wannan dalili, irga ba ya jin tsoron inuwa, iska mai lalata, ba ji tsoron cututtuka da kwari ba, al'adun da sauri ke tsiro da kuma jurewa pruning. Daga cikin 'yan uwansu, irga yana da tsawo - da yawa bishiyoyi sun kai shekaru 70 ko fiye. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, wannan shuka ita ce shuka zuma.

Amma idan kuna son irga yayi girma a kan mãkirci, ba wai dasawa da tsage ba ne kawai mahimmanci ba, amma har da sanin game da sakamakon wannan shuka. Su ne 'yan kaɗan. A spikeberry irgie yana da karfi tushen girma, sabili da haka dole ne a cire a duk tsawon lokacin. Kuma yana da wanda ba a so in dasa irgu a kusa da filin ajiye motoci - motoci na launin launi na iya sha wahala daga stains wanda zai bar berries auku.

Shin kuna sani? 'Ya'yan itãcen irgi suna da dadi sosai cewa dole ne su "yi nasara" a kan girbi - tsuntsaye suna kwashe berries tare da walƙiya.

Samun shirye-shiryen shafuka da zabin shafuka don shrubs

Kayan yana da kyau sosai ga yanayin waje. Amma tun da irga dan itacen shrub ne, yana son hasken rana kai tsaye. Za a iya girbi amfanin gona mafi kyau idan an dasa irga a kan sod-podzolic da ƙasa mai laushi.

Irga ba jin tsoron inuwa da rashin rashin ruwa ba, don haka zai iya ba da ƙasa cikin shinge. An dasa Irga kamar yadda sauran bishiyoyin Berry, irin su currants ko gooseberries. An saukar da tsaba a cikin ƙasa a cikin fall ko spring 8 cm zurfi fiye da suka girma kafin. Anyi wannan don ya girma babban adadin magunguna. A mafi kyau dace da kyau zabin shi ne shuka wani irgu a matsayin mai shinge.

Yadda za a shuka irgu

An bada shawarar shuka shuki 1-3 a cikin gonar. A karkashin kowane shrub kana bukatar ka dauki 16m ² na m loamy ƙasa da 9m ² na yashi loam. Don seedlings shirya rami 80 cm fadi da 40 cm zurfi. Bayan dasa shuki, ana shayar da tsire-tsire, humus ko peat an saka a ƙasa, yana da kyawawa don rage ƙasa daga cikin daji zuwa 10 cm domin 4-5 ci gaba buds zama sama da ƙasa matakin. Game da abin da buds na irgi, wanda Bloom a cikin marigayi Afrilu, zai gaya wannan hoto.

Shin kuna sani? Irga yana da kyau sosai cewa a kowane yanayin yanayi yana da 'ya'ya masu kyau.

Shin ina bukatan ruwa irgu

Shrubs irgi yana da tushe bayan dasawa kuma basu buƙatar kulawa na musamman, suna girma da kuma haifar da 'ya'ya. Amma tare da yawancin lokuta na yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa yana ƙaruwa. Kasassar ƙasa yana kare tushen da yafi dacewa kuma ya ba shrub din ta kasance lafiya da karfi.

Features sanye irgi

A lokacin rani, an shayar da irgiu tare da hadewar ruwa, wanda ya hada da ruwa da ammonium nitrate a cikin nauyin 50 g da shrub ko 5 l na bayani na 10 na tsuntsaye. Zai fi dacewa don ciyar da shuka a maraice bayan tsananin watering ko ruwan sama.

Yadda za a yanke shuka

Zai fi dacewa wajen samar da irgu a cikin nau'i mai tsumburai daga ƙananan harbe, da kuma cire masu rauni.

An fara yin gyaran shrub na farko a lokacin dasa, a kan wani matashi ba tare da an bar birane lafiya shida ba. Daga gare su sai sprouts girma. Har zuwa shekaru uku, duk wajibi ne a kiyaye su, sa'an nan kuma ba za a bar fiye da uku na haɓaka shekara-shekara ba. Ƙananan rassan rassan sun tabbata sun sami ceto. A kowace shekara a kan shrub ya zama game da 15 rassan daga daban-daban growths. Idan ci gaban su ya ci gaba, to, sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 4 yana da daraja yin tsabta. Amma irin wannan hanya za a iya yi kawai da bishiyoyi da suka riga sun kai shekaru goma.

Don sa ya dace maka ka girbe, rage rassan zuwa tsawo mai so. Bayan pruning, irga da kansa ya tsiro tushen harbe.

Hanyar kulawa a farkon shekarun rayuwa

A cikin shekara ta farko bayan dasa shuki, hatsin rai ya bunƙasa, noma da kulawa ana gudanar da su ba tare da wani abu ba. Babban abin da ake buƙatar shi ne a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin buds sunyi juyayi da kuma watsar da su, dukkanin rassan rassan daji na shrub ya kamata a yanke, rage girman su ta hanyar kwata.

Pruning kuma forming wani girma daji

Gida mai kyau na irgi yana samar da 'ya'ya fiye da tsire-tsire wanda ba'a riga ya fadi da kuma siffa ba. Idan wani irgu ya girma a matsayin kayan ado na ado na lambun, kambinsa yana bukatar "salon hairstyle mai salo". Mafi yawan wannan hanya ana buƙatar rassan rassan. Yana da muhimmanci a yanke katakon da kyau don kada yayi mummunar cutar fiye da kyau.

Babban aikin shi ne sake juyawa irgu. Akwai nau'i biyu na jiyya: thinning da ragewa. A lokacin da yake da rauni, raunana, marasa ciwo da kuma zurfin rawanin rassan rassan an cire gaba ɗaya. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a kowace shekara. A lokacin raguwa, kawai ana cire tip na shoot, kuma da dama buds sun kasance m. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a canza bayyanar kambi, ya zama mai yawa kuma m saboda matasa.

Idan kana so ka cika lalacewa a tsakiyar kambi, kana buƙatar cire mafakar, barin kawai ƙananan koda, wanda aka tsara a cikin shrub. Daga baya, shoot mai tsayi zai yi girma daga wannan toho. Rage irgu sau da yawa: a lokacin jiyya na farko, a lokacin da ake aiwatar da karamin yarinya, da kuma lokacin da tsire-tsire ta hau karfi kuma girbi ba hannu ba ne.

Yana da muhimmanci! 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace Berry suna ƙunshe da bitamin B, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, pectin da beta-sitosterol, wanda shine mai tsauraran matakan cholesterol.
An cire rassan da suka wuce shekaru shida ba tare da baƙin ciki ba. Za a maye gurbin su da sauri ta manyan ƙananan harbe. Domin an yi amfani da shi don kayan ado, an kafa kambi a kan aikin. Alal misali, idan ana buƙatar shinge daga shuka, rassan suna taqaitaccen tsawo da nisa.

Pruning shrub irga samar a cikin bazara kafin kumburi da kodan ko fada, a lõkacin da ganye fada.

Yadda za a farfado irgu daidai

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na kiwon waddan shadberry:

  • tsaba;
  • Alamar rubutu;
  • Maballin;
  • rabo daga cikin daji.
Saplings da aka girma daga tsaba girma sosai da sauri. Yana yiwuwa a yaduwa shrubs na irgi ta rarraba tushen harbe kawai a cikin tsire-tsire, amma ba ta da tsufa ba. Don samun siffar nau'i, ƙananan cututtuka sun hana samfurin. Gyaran daji na irgi shi ne hanyar da aka fi so ga masu noma mara kyau. Mafi kyawun kayan kayan shuka shine shekaru uku da shekaru tare da tsari mai tushe.

Cuttings

Gwanar da aka damu sunyi amfani da irga ta hanyar yankan, domin wannan yana buƙatar wani ilmi da kwarewa. An yanke cututtuka daga karuwar bara a cikin fall, sa'an nan kuma an adana don dasa shuki har sai bazara, a cikin yashi ko ƙasa. Don rootstock amfani da biennial rowan. Lokacin da tayarwar tazarar ta zo, an yi amfani da cuttings, an wanke asalinsu kuma an dasa bishiyoyi: sama da koda da kuma ƙarƙashinsa. Ƙananan ƙarshen seedling shadberry ne kaifi da kuma saka a cikin slit stock. Wannan wuri yana kunshe da filastik. Bayan gwaninta, ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin wani ganyayyaki har sai sun girma tare. Irgi shrubs na iya zama a matsayin samfurin apples da pears. Wannan inji yana nuna wuri mai sanyi da sanyi da jurewa bishiyoyi.

Tsarin shuke-shuke

A watan Yuni ko Yuli, an yanke cuttings daga saman harbe na shrubs mai shekaru biyar. Yawanci, kada su kasance a cikin 15 cm. Daga kowace stalk, cire ƙananan ganye, barin wasu babba. Ana sanya billets tare da sassan ƙananan tsawon sa'o'i 12 a cikin wani wakili mai tushe, sannan a wanke asalinsu cikin ruwa mai tsabta. Bayan haka, za ku iya dasa irgu a cikin ƙasa mai tsabta a cikin mai sanyi greenhouse. Suna yin shi a wani tsinkaya da nesa da 4 cm Daga sama da ƙasa an rufe shi da wani yashi na yashi 10 cm lokacin farin ciki. A dace, cuttings ya zama 20 cm a kasa da rufi na greenhouse.

Shuka cuttings, zuba su don haka ruwa ya fesa. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin gine-gine kada ya wuce 25 ° C. Don yin wannan, wajibi ne daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don cire saman gine-gine da cututtukan iska. Watch ƙasa - ya kamata ya zama rigar. Bayan da cututtuka sunyi tushe, kana buƙatar cire dome na greenhouse a rana, kuma bayan sun kara karfi, kada ka sanya dome har ma da dare.

Bayan makonni uku, cuttings za su ci gaba da inganta tsarin tsarin, kuma za su kasance a shirye don yin juyawa zuwa gado na wucin gadi. A nan suna buƙatar a hadu da maniyyi da aka shafe da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 8, ko ammonium nitrate da aka narkar da ruwa a cikin guga. Kula da cuttings ba bambanta da kulawa da balagagge ba, kuma faduwa ta gaba an dasa su zuwa wani wuri mai dindindin.

Sake haifar da layering

Don wannan hanya na haifuwa dace da shekaru guda karfi harbe ko mazhabobi biyu tare da girma growths. Sauke su a cikin bazara, da zaran rana ta warke ƙasa kadan. Layer saman karkashin bishiyoyi, wanda za a dauka bends, kana buƙatar tono, zuba taki da matakin. Bayan wannan, kirkirar ƙasa da kuma ɗaura da furanni wanda yayi girma a cikin furrows. Dole ne bukatar tsunkule. Lokacin da buds ke tsiro harbe 12 cm a tsawo, dole ne su zama rabin rufe da humus. Lokacin da harbe yayi girma 15 cm, dole ne a maimaita hanya. Layer da suka samo tushe an shuka su ne a gaba ta fada zuwa wuri mai dindindin.

Shuka shadberry tsaba

Wannan shi ne mafi kyau, amma a lokaci guda hanya mafi tsawo ta shuka irgi. Za a iya sayo tsaba ko an tattara su daga cikakke 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ba a bushe su ba, ba a haɗe da yashi ba kuma adana a wuri mai sanyi (ginshiki, firiji) kafin shuka.. Idan an riga an shirya tsaba, zasu yi girma. Sanya su a tsakanin gashin auduga da aka haƙa a hydrogen peroxide kuma kunshe duk abin da ke kunshe da filastik. Tsaya shi cikin wannan yanayin har tsawon watanni 4.

A lokacin bazara, ana shuka tsaba a cikin wani karamin greenhouse a nesa na 20 cm daga juna. Hoto za a bayyane a makonni biyu ko uku. Zaka iya shuka tsaba a shirye-shiryen da aka shirya musamman a cikin fall. Wannan zai kara girma a fili. Tsaba zasu yi girma a cikin bazara.