Nematodes sun kasance daga cikin kwari masu yawan gaske da kuma haɗari. Ba wai kawai ke haifar da cutar, mutuwar shuke-shuke, amma kuma zai iya cutar da lafiyar mutum, dabbobi. A cikin wannan labarin zamu dubi nau'ikan nematodes da abin da yake, da kuma bayar da shawarwari masu mahimmanci game da yadda za mu yi yaƙi da nematode a gonar.
Mene ne nematode yayi kama da
Na farko, yi la'akari da wane nematodes da kuma abin da nematode kama. A cikin duka, akwai kimanin nau'in nau'i na wadannan kwari. Wasu daga cikinsu sune kwayar halitta a kan tsire-tsire, wasu suna shafar kwayoyin dabbobi, akwai wadanda ke da haɗari ga mutane. A cikin wannan labarin za mu mayar da hankali ga tsire-tsire na kwayoyin nematodes. Suna ciyar da kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wanda hakan zai haifar da raguwa a ayyukan su da mutuwa.
Wadannan ƙananan tsutsotsi suna da yawa a cikin girman daga 1 zuwa 2 mm. Maza maza ne kadan fiye da mata. Halin zai iya zama zane-zane, oval, filiform. A ƙarshen ragowar ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wadannan kwari sune ake kira roundworms, saboda a giciye ɓangaren jikinsu yana kama da da'irar. 
Nematodes sune fari ko m. Sakamakon tsarin tsarin nematodes shi ne ɓangaren tsohuwar kwayar halitta. An rufe jiki da mai laushi mai laushi, wadda za a iya yi waƙa ko mai santsi, an rufe shi da epithelium daga sama. A karkashin fata ne tsokoki na haɗuwa. Farawa suna da karamin kai tare da lebe mai laushi. Akwai alamomi akan shi, wanda ke aiki a matsayin gabobin taɓa, da ƙananan idanu.
Numatode qwai ne zagaye ko m. Launi yana fari. Larvae ci gaba da ciki, farin tare da sashi na baya na jiki.
Shin kuna sani? Nematodes suna da hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, musamman ma ma'anar wari. Bugu da ƙari, suna kula da rana kuma suna ƙoƙari su riƙe kawunansu a cikin halayen haskoki. Ranakun kwana sun fi dacewa da haifuwa da nematodes.
Nematode nau'in da bayanin
Akwai nau'o'in iri iri guda uku:
- leafy;
- tushe;
- tushen.
Sheet (strawberry) nematode
Lemat nematode yana da siffar filamentous jiki. A tsawon, tsutsotsi nematode ya kai 1 mm. Yi launi mai laushi. Sun kasance a kan filayen da suke shiga ta hanyar lalacewar launi na launi ko kuma ta hanyar kwarjini a kan ƙananan sassa.
Alamar shuka lalacewa ta hanyar parasites sune:
- bayyanar launin launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyayyaki na jahilci;
- bar curl, rasa ƙarfi, rasa launi;
- Sakamako na kara;
- Tsire-tsire-tsire yana raguwa;
- buds suna da alamar launin ruwan kasa;
- takardar farantin takarda;
- Ana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa:
- An kafa spots mai haske a ƙananan ɓangaren ganye, wanda daga bisani ya sami launin ja ja.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lamatattun kwayoyin sun mutu yayin da aka nuna su a ƙasa. Duk da haka, idan sun kasance a cikin fannonin da aka fadi, ci gaba da nunawa, jinsi, da kuma raguwa zuwa wasu tsire-tsire. Sabili da haka, don rigakafi da iko, dole ne a cire cire ganye daga shafin.Mafi mai saukin kamuwa ga parasites tsire-tsire ne kamar:
- strawberries;
- Tsarin kaya;
- nephrolepis;
- launi;
- aster;
- dahlia;
- Orchid;
- crassula.
Yarda Nematode
Sakamakon nematodes suna da nau'i na filamentary jiki, suna kai tsawon 1 mm. Sa'idodi a kan mai tushe, buds, furanni na shuke-shuke. Wanda aka azabtar ya shiga cikin rhizome na tsire-tsire. An bayyana lalacewar al'ada da stemworms ta hanyar wadannan cututtuka:
- harbe tsayawa girma;
- mai tushe thicken, rasa launi;
- buds juya kodadde, bushe sama;
- a tsawon lokaci, injin ya bushe ya mutu.
Duk da cewa kwari yana son inima, tsutsotsi na iya kula da aikin da suke da muhimmanci, har ma da kasancewa na dogon lokaci a kan ganye mai bushe da Sikeli na tsire-tsire. Yada tare da gashin gashi, kwararan fitila, tubers, cuttings, da yawa ƙasa da sau da yawa ta hanyar tsaba ko gurbata ƙasa.Tsire-tsire irin su faski, albasa, tafarnuwa, tumatir, radishes, da cucumbers sun fi mai saukin kamuwa ga waɗannan kwayoyin.
Shin kuna sani? Lokacin rayuwar tsutsotsi na iya kai har zuwa shekaru 2.
Tushen (gallic) nematode
Tushen nematode shine mafi girma kuma ya kai tsawon 2 mm. Daga jinsunan da suka gabata sun bambanta da cewa yana rinjayar tsarin tsarin shuke-shuke. Yana shimfiɗa tsire-tsire a kan rhizome, yana rufe dasu - galls.
Tsire-tsire da matashin nematode na ƙasa ya shafe ya ƙare, ya raunana, ya daina girma. Jumhuriyar launi. Tushen da ke ƙasa da Gauls, ba ta cigaba kuma ta mutu. A lokaci guda, asalin gemu (maɓallin launin fata) yana fara girma sosai. Wadannan tushen basu taimakawa wajen ci gaban al'adu ba, amma kawai ka cire kayan abinci daga gare su.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yana da mahimmanci a rarrabe tsakanin karamar nematode da rassan halitta a kan tushen wasu tsire-tsire, inda ake kiyaye ruwan. A karshen suna da launi mai launi, yayin da galls suna launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa.Gum nematodes suna yada ta hanyar gurbata ƙasa, shararru na asali, tsaba, kwararan fitila, kayan aikin, daga shuke-shuke kusa. Chrysanthemums, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, dracaena, begonias, lilies, aloe sun fi dacewa da wadannan kwari.
Menene haɗari da kuma yadda za'a gano nematode a gonar
Nematodes suna da kwari mai hatsarin gaske, suna ninka hanzari a kan tsire-tsire suna sa su mutu. Farawa, shiga cikin kyallen takarda na tsire-tsire, ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma dauka duk kayan gina jiki. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin aiwatar da aiki mai muhimmanci, nematodes secrete abubuwa masu guba da guba amfanin gona da kuma kai ga wuce kima thickening su tushe da petioles. Tsire-tsire waɗanda ke damuwa da nematodes sun rasa launi, suna da laushi da gajiya, deform, kuma yawancin su ya rage.
Yana da matukar wuya a gano ƙananan matakan saboda sun kasance karamin girman. Ba za a iya ganin leaf da tsinkayen kwayoyin ba tare da nazarin ganye, buds da kuma ta hanyar gilashin ƙarami. Tushen damuwa za a iya samuwa ta hanyar kirga wani shuka. Suna nuna rashin gamsuwar samin launin ruwan kasa a kan asalinsu. Bugu da ƙari, idan an cire shuka daga ƙasa, ƙananan bishiyoyi za su fada daga tushensu. Idan ka ɗauki irin wannan dunƙule ka zuba shi da ruwa mai dumi, tsutsotsi za su fita.
Yana da muhimmanci! Nematodes na iya haifar da haushi da rashin lafiyan halayen jiki, don haka aiki tare da shuka dole ne a gudanar da safofin hannu.
Yadda za a yaki wani nematode
Nematodes suna da wuyar yin yaki. Idan tsire-tsire yana da mummunar tasiri, ya fi kyau a jefa shi don kada kwari su matsa zuwa wata al'ada. Za'a iya sarrafa daidaituwa ta hanyar waɗannan hanyoyin:
- sunadarai;
- masu nazarin halittu;
- magani mai zafi.
- "Dimethoat";
- "Bi-58";
- Rogor;
- "Vidat";
- Nemafos.
Ayyukan halittu masu kyau suna da kyau a cikin cewa ba su da guba ga tsire-tsire da mutane, bazai cutar da su ba. Abubuwan da suke aiki su ne nau'in halayen jiki. Ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen halittu mafi inganci shine Nematophagin. Dukkan shirye-shiryen dole ne a shafe su, bin bin umarnin, don kada su cutar da tsire-tsire ba su ƙone su ba.
Idan kuna sha'awar karin hanyoyi don kawar da matakan da ke cikin ƙasa, ya kamata ku gwada maganin zafi na tushen tsarin. Don yin wannan, dole ne a cire shuka daga ƙasa. Tushen, wanda ya kafa Gauls, za'a iya yanke shi a hankali. Duk da haka, idan akwai nau'o'in irin waɗannan, amma mafi yawan lalacewa ya kamata a cire su. Idan ka cire babban adadin asalinsu, shuka ba zai tsira ba. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a saukar da rhizome na tsawon minti biyar cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi na digiri +50. Idan zazzabi yana daga 45 zuwa 50 digiri - lokacin "wanka" ya kamata a kara zuwa minti 10-15.
Bayan an bukaci a dasa shuki da ruwa a cikin sabon ƙasa. Bugu da kari, an bada shawarar ƙara ƙwayar miyagun ƙwayoyi masu ilimin lissafi a ƙasa. Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance sako-sako, don haka iska ta shiga cikin iska kuma ba ruwa mara kyau ba. Don haka, ana iya hade da ƙasa tare da karamin yashi ko peat. Maganin warke yana dacewa da sarrafawa da ganye kuma ya fara nematode. An cire cututtuka da cutar, an shuka tsire-tsire tare da ruwan zafi kuma an dasa su cikin wani sabon substrate.
Shin kuna sani? Nematodes basu yarda da yanayin zafi sama da digiri 40 ba. Wadannan larvae sun fi dacewa kuma sun mutu kawai a zafin jiki na 50-55 digiri.
Yadda za a kawar da kwayoyin halitta: rigakafi
Tun da yake kawar da matakan da ke da wuya, yana da kyau a kula da matakan tsaro. Irin wadannan ayyuka sun haɗa da wadannan:
- dace shafe wani shafin daga weeds;
- tsaftacewa auku ganye;
- Sau da yawa suna yaduwa ganye a kan tsire-tsire;
- sauyawar lokaci na al'adu a wurare, yayin lura da ka'idojin juyawa na al'adu;
- na yau da kullum ƙasa;
- babu waterlogging;
- digging ƙasa a cikin fall;
- Yi amfani kawai da kayan ado mai kyau.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan tsire-tsire sun sha wahala sosai kuma ka cire su, to lallai ya kamata ku ƙone duk abin da kuke. In ba haka ba, kwari za su matsa zuwa wani wanda aka azabtar.Yanzu ku san abin da nematodes ke, kuma wannan zai zama da amfani a gare ku a kula da gonar, lambun da na cikin gida shuke-shuke. Jarabawan sukan ninka hanzari, kuma hakan zai haifar da mutuwar shuka. Idan ba a gano matuttura ba a lokacin - ba a ajiye tsire-tsire ba.
