Masu shayarwa sun yi kokari: Pear Svarog ya bunƙasa a Siberia

A cikin shahararren waƙa, don ƙirƙirar cikakken hoton gonar, ya ce: "apple da pear sun fure." Haka ne, da kowane lambu mai son sha'awa, kwanciya a lambun, abu na farko da aka shuka applelingling, sa'an nan kuma pear.

Sabili da haka, na tsawon shekaru da yawa, bayan wannan irin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa suka zo mana daga Girka ta hanyar Poland. Don haka sai ya kira 'ya'yansa a cikin hanyar Poland - Dula.

Na dogon lokaci, rawar Rasha ta kasance tsangwama don inganta wannan shuka a arewacin Rasha. Amma nasarar da aka zaba ya sa pear ya kasance misali na koguna Siberian. Irin wannan shi ne Pear Svarog - bayanin da hoto na 'ya'yan itace daga baya a cikin labarin.

Tarihin kiwo

Ƙirƙiri sanyi-resistant hybrids ga Siberia - Manufar tawagar NIISS su. M. Lisavenkowanda ya yi tun 1973. Yanzu rassan gine-ginen bincike da gwaje-gwajen gwaji sun kasance a cikin yankuna uku: Tomsk yankin, Barnaul, Altai Republic.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Lisavenko, wanda ya ba da kansa ga aikin lambu a Siberia ya kuma halicci nau'in nau'in iri iri na 128 da ke haifar da albarkatun gona, ba a wanzu ba, amma aiki na zaɓi ya ci gaba a cikin sabon samfurori - nau'in pears-hunturu-mai tsananin sanyi, mai suna bayan alloli Slavic: Svarog, Perun, Veles, Lel "," Kupava ".

Tsohon kakannin mu na Kirista yana da Svarog, dan Adam na duniya, wato Mahaifin kome. Menene nauyin ɗaukar hoto na ɗaukar wannan sunan wani matasan interspecific?

Abũbuwan amfãni:

• wanda ba za a iya tabbatar da shi ba ga magungunan sanyi na Siberia (zuwa -30 ° C);
• ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa har sai da farko sanyi (Satumba-Oktoba);
• Tsayar da adadin yawan amfanin gona;
• kyau gabatarwa;
• damar ajiya (har zuwa watanni 3);
• darajar darajar mabukaci;
• raw kayan darajar a cikin aiki;
• juriya ga fungi da kwayoyin pathogenic.

Ana bambanta nau'i-nau'in pear da tsananin sanyi: Severyanka, Bere Russkaya, Yakovlevskaya, Uralochka da Chizhovskaya.

Abubuwa mara kyau:

• Girman 'ya'yan itace (ƙananan matsakaicin ƙasa);
• rashin kansa da rashin dogara ga pollinator;
• kambi mai girma;
• mai yiwuwa zuwa sakamakon fari.

Taimako: Itacen pear yana da haske, amma yana fama da fari; juriya na sanyi yana da kyau a baya ga irin irin ceri da apple, waɗanda suke da mashahuri a cikin yankuna guda.

Musamman fasali

Pear a matsayin tsire-tsire ana samuwa a cikin yanayi ta hanyar daji da itace.

Yankunan tarihi na girma na pears daban-daban iri: Farisa, kuducin Turai, Caucasus, Pamirs, Far East da Tasmania mai nisa.

Duk waɗannan jinsunan zasu iya raba su ta balaga cikin:

• farkon (domin Siberia, farkon-kaka);
• kaka (daga baya-kaka ga Siberia);
• hunturu (ba na hali ba Siberia).

1. Pear da aka saba - siffar daji na itacen 'ya'yan itace, ya bambanta a siffofin siffofi.Dangane da mazaunin, an rarraba nau'in jinsin 60, ga wasu daga cikinsu:
   • Pear Rasha - an bambanta shi da babban fari na haƙuri kuma ba ma tsauraran yanayin hunturu ba: rukunin girma shi ne tsakiyar Rasha;
   • snow pear - alamar tushen rootstock daga yankunan dutse na Caucasus da tsakiyar Asia;
   • Caucasian pear - tsiro a tsawon mita mita daya da rabi sama da ruwa; tasiri a cikin kiwo tare da cultivars don yawan amfanin ƙasa;
   • Ussuri pear - Tsarin gabas ta Gabas tare da matsayi mai tsanani na hunturu (har zuwa -50 ° C);
   • na pear - mai yiwuwa na gida iri dake amfani da shi azaman duniya stock;
   • kayon pear - irin pears daga yammacin Pamir tare da nau'in nau'i na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tasowa, wanda ke saya kwarewa kawai bayan makonni biyu na tsufa a kasa, kasancewa prikopannymi;
   • Pear Sin - Yanayin al'adu na gabas, wanda yake da arziki; Itacen itace wanda ba'a bayyana shi ba yana da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu banƙyama.

   

2. Garden pear - itace (daga mita 5 zuwa 25), yawancin nau'i 5000 an gabatar da su tare da tsaka-tsakin lokaci - Agusta-Oktoba.

   Hanyoyin kasuwanci da cider suna zuwa aiki na masana'antu, kuma ana kawo kayan kayan zaki ga teburin mai sayarwa.

Hotuna

Gudanar da Gida

Bambanci "Svarog" an halicce shi ta hanyar tsallaka, daban Hardiness, Ussuri pear da kuma "Bere Bosc" - tsohon tsoffin Faransanci marigayi ripening.

Abin da ya ba iyaye sabon nau'in samfurori:

• daga Bere Bosk iri-iri - gajiyar juriya ga scab da sauran cututtuka na fungal, kayayyaki iri iri na 'ya'yan itatuwa da dandano mai ban sha'awa; samar da girma a cikin tsarin bunkasa shuka; undemanding zuwa ƙasa abun da ke ciki tare da isasshen ban ruwa;
• daga Ussuri pear - iyawar canzawa a cikin tsarin zabin clonal; m sanyi juriya; haƙuri ga fari; undemanding ga abun da ke ciki na kasar gona.

Gaskiya, 'ya'yan itatuwan wannan nau'in kayan ado ba su da kyau ga dandano da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma suna jira shekaru 20 bayan dasa.

Bayanai iri-iri Svarog

Tun 1996, an haɗa nau'in Svarog a cikin Jihar Register kamar yadda aka bayar da shawarar don namo a yankunan Siberia ta Yamma da Gabas, yankin Volga-Vyatka.

A cikin wadannan yankuna, irin wadannan nau'in pear suna da kyau: Hera, Cathedral, Krasnobakaya, Elena da Vernaya.

Wannan shi ne tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire mai tsayi tare da kambi mai lakabi da ƙyalƙyali da siffofi masu biyowa:

• akwati an rufe itacen da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, dan haushi mai haushi, tare da rassan rassan kafa mai kyau;
• matasa harbe an rufe shi da duhu, fata mai launin launin ruwan kasa-launin fata, tare da gefe a iyakar; harbe suna mai lankwasa a cikin arc;
• kodan pears na nau'i biyu: ginin (inda aka kafa furanni) da kuma vegetative (don kwanciya ganye); na farko - ya fi girma da raguwa, na biyu - mafi sharri da ƙarami;
• da ganye wani nau'i mai mahimmanci mai launi tare da zane-zane mai zane; ƙananan, haske mai haske, tare da farantin wrinkled da haske mai haske; a ƙarshen lokacin vegetative lokacin fada;

• furanni ba su da kwarewa, tare da jima'i tare da ba tare da anada ba; matsakaicin girman, 5 petals, furanni tattara a laima inflorescences;

Yana da muhimmanci: Ga yadda ake gudanar da zabe na wannan nau'i na da tasiri a gaba kusa da pears da aka dasa "Hanged" da "Century". Ba tare da zabe a kan itacen pear ba, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yawa zasu iya bayyana, amma za su dubi m kuma ba za su ba da tsaba ba.

• 'ya'yan itatuwa suna yin la'akari har zuwa 80 grams suna da siffar zane, mai tsabta fata ba tare da hasken rana ba, ta hanyar tsufa - launin launi mai launin rawaya da raguwa a gefen rana; Kwayoyin sifa da bayyane a karkashin fata a cikin nau'i na gishiri; manyan kwayoyi masu duhu suna cikin kwayoyin rufewa; matsakaicin matsakaici;
• m tausada nama na cream launi; Yanayin dandano suna ƙaddara 4.5 maki; abun da ke ciki sugars kuma ascorbic acid wakilci daidai - 9.5%;
• da 'ya'yan itace na iri-iri ya zo a ranar 4th; tsari ne na yau da kullum, yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa yana da matsakaici;
• cikakke cikakke iyakar by farkon Oktoba;
• matsakaita yawan amfanin ƙasa daga bishiya a cikin Alnta nursery - 19 kg;
• juriya ga fungal cututtuka high;
• Hardiness hunturu - na kwarai.

Gwanon pears na wannan nau'in ya dogara da tsarin zafin jiki: A lokacin zafi suna da kyau, a cikin ruwan sama - sabo ne da ruwa.

Pears iya fariya da kyakkyawan dandano halaye: Cosmic, Marble, Karataevskaya, Kupava da Krasulia.

Ana nuna cikakke cikakke a cikin zubar da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Girbi kafin zubar, pears suna da rai marar rai.

Duba bidiyo game da pear.

Amfani da 'ya'yan itace

A cikin wannan 'ya'yan itace cikakke duk abin da zai iya zama da amfani ga mutum:

• 'ya'yan itatuwa - a cikin kayan ado da masana'antu (marmalade, candy, 'ya'yan itace' ya'yan itace, 'ya'yan itace, ruwan inabi, cider, kvass, da dai sauransu);
• da ganye - a cikin rigakafi da maganin cututtuka daban-daban;
• itace - a cikin samar da kayayyaki, samar da samfurori da siffofin, kammala motocin, don yin amfani da bishiyoyi masu mahimmanci.
• da shuka kanta - a cikin wuri mai faɗi da kuma ƙarfafa gangaren yashi.

Agrotechnology

Svarog pear iri-iri - agrotechnical bayanin:

1. Don amfanin gona mai kyau na pears, zabin wuri yana da mahimmanci: mafi yawan dumi da kariya a gonar. Zaka iya shuka shuka tare da wani daji, a kan wani shinge na waya - a trellis, a cikin ginin bango-kusa-fan. Mafi kyawun lokacin da za a shuka pear shine kaka.
2. Zaɓin tsire-tsire, yana da kyau ya ba da fifiko ga waɗanda suke da tsarin tushensu, wanda ya tabbatar da ci gaban shuka. Kafin dasa, cire lalace Tushen da tsoma su a cikin wani heteroauxin na tushen ƙasa talker.
3. A cikin rami mai girbi an samo shi ne daga zubar da ruwan ƙasa, wanda aka sa tushen asalin. Koma cikin fannin goyon baya, wanda za a rataya akwati daga itacen.
4. Ya kamata a bar haɗin ginin a saman ƙasa (6 cm).
5. Tushen sunyi barci kuma suna murmushi. Hanya rami tare da diamita na 40 cm, wanda aka zuba ruwa cikin (4-5 buckets), ƙara humus kuma a karshe - ciyawa tare da peat. Bayan mako biyu, ana iya maimaita watering.
6. Ana yin gyaran gyare-gyaren don sanitary dalilai (dried da rassan rassan), domin samfurin kafa da thinning.
7. Takin a kowace shekara Organic da phosphorus-potassium mahadi.

Cututtuka da kwari

1. Daga aphids kayan lambu na gari. Taimaka bayani "Karbofos" ko "Rovikura."
2. Daga weevil ƙwaro - Multi-tasting pipekiller. Don kwanciya, ya juya cikin ganyayyaki. A wajen magance shi, tarawa da ƙananan cututtukan da suka shafi shafa suna da tasiri, da kuma yin amfani da Nitrofen bayani (3%).
3. Bacteriosis. Rashin shan kwayar cutar kwayar halitta tana yadawa ta hanyar tsarin jinsin bishiya, kamawa ganye, rassan kuma, a karshe, dukan akwati. Yana da mahimmanci don cire samfurin rassan lokaci, don hana yaduwar cutar. Anyi amfani da kayan aiki tare da kayan aikin disinfected, kuma an ƙone ƙwanƙwasa. Tare da cin zarafi na tsire-tsire, hanya guda kawai ta fita shine a soke.

Kogin arewacin nau'in nau'i ne ko da yaushe wani abu mai ban mamaki a cikin lambun ku.

Kuma samuwa da wannan yanayin ya zama mai yiwuwa saboda sakamakon ci gaba da masu shayarwa da kuma masu yawan 'ya'yan itace na Altai.