Kuma mutane da dama sun san Andromeda da yawa. Wannan kyawawan furanni na iya yin ado da duk wani wuri mai faɗi. Abin da ya sa wannan babban shrub a kowace shekara ta sami yawan wurare marasa wuri kuma ya zama ainihin haskakawa na fasaha mai faɗi. Duk da haka, ba kowa san yadda za a kula da wannan ingancin da kyau da abin da ake buƙata don kirkirar yanayi mafi kyau ba. A cikin wannan labarin za mu fahimci abin da yake da andromeda, da kuma gano ainihin asirin cin ganyayyaki a gonar.
Bayanan Botanical
Yaran da ake amfani da su a cikin Andromeda shi ne wani tsohuwar tsalle-tsire mai laushi. Tsire-tsire yana da nau'i mai kyau da kuma ganewa. Gwargwadon wani wakilin wakilin jinsuna yana da laushi, ƙananan rassan, tsantsa, tare da tsari mai santsi. A harbe na shuka rooting, hawa, m da kuma m, m-launin ruwan kasa ko m-launin ruwan kasa. Girman shuka yana cikin kewayon 15-40 cm.
Ganye a kan tushe suna fata ne kuma suna da siffar lance, tare da gefuna a nannade a kasa. Yayin da suka isa daga 1 zuwa 5 cm, kuma a cikin nisa - ba fiye da 8 mm ba. Ganyayyaki suna da haske da inuwa mai duhu. Sashe na sama na takarda tare da halayyar halayyar, yayin da ke ƙasa da matte na matte, tare da kodadden tsirrai mai laushi.
Rhizome na andromeda ne elongated, na bakin ciki, a cikin tsari ya kasance kamar igiya wanda yake cikin matashin mossy. Tare da ci gaba mai girma, zai iya samar da nauyin da yawa a sama da wuri, daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Shin kuna sani? Halin halayyar tsarin tsarin da andromeda shine abin da ake kira mycorrhiza - da amfani daya tare da rhizome na shrub tare da wasu nau'o'i na naman gwari maras pathogenic.
Andromeda blooms daga Agusta zuwa Satumba. A wannan lokaci a kan shrub bayyana drooping, pinkish (daga kodadde ruwan hoda zuwa haske jan tabarau) fure a kan na bakin ciki m pedicels. An tattara su a cikin halayen inflorescences da yawa. Hannun furanni suna da sauƙi, raguwa yana da tsinkaye ne ko kuma siffar fure. Anyi amfani da samfurori a kan fure game da guda 10. Bayan flowering a kan shuka, wani ɓangaren 'ya'yan itace-pyatignezdny, wanda aka yi wa spherically flattened da yawa tsaba, ripens.
Rarraba da mazaunin
Ma'adinan halitta na andromeda shi ne gandun dajin da kuma yankunan karkara na Arewacin Amirka da Eurasia, zuwa ga belin ƙasa mai tsayi. Sau da yawa a cikin yanayin yanayi, ana iya samo shrub a kan rassan gandun daji na coniferous, da kuma kusa da tuddai ko yankuna. A cikin CIS, shuka yana tsiro a yankin Carpathian, da Siberia da kuma Gabas ta Gabas. A cikin wannan yanki, shrub ne mai wakilci na flora na sphagnum ko kwararru.
Duk lokacin kakar, irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna murna da ku tare da ci gaba da ado: Mai watsa shiri, Badan, astilba, geykher, hellebore, stonecrop, viola, tradescantia.
Yi amfani da zane-zane
An yi amfani da Andromeda a cikin zane-zane a kusan dukkanin hadewa na kowane shekara da nau'in halitta. Amma mafi sau da yawa da sabis na shrub a matsayin manufa dace da abin da ake kira Alpine slides. Wannan ɓangare na wuri mai faɗi shi ne wani abu mai banƙyama wanda ya halicci ƙasa mai dadi. Yana samar da kafa kafa, slopin, dutse mafi girma, da kuma wurare masu dadi da tsire-tsire iri-iri na kowane yanki. Andromeda a cikin wannan yanayin ya zama babban mahimmanci na dukan abun da ke ciki, da kuma daya daga cikin jinsunan mamaye.
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shrub a matsayin mai tsabta, wadda aka saba amfani dashi don magance ciyayi maras so a gonar. Sakamakon sa da ƙarancin gaba ɗaya ya hana ci gaban wasu nau'o'in, wannan yana sa ya yiwu ba kawai don rinjayar weeds ba kuma ya ba da jinsin lambun, amma kuma ya magance matsalolin mowing gaba daya. Sabili da haka, hat mai tsayi daga daji shine manufa don gyara shimfidar wuri duk ƙananan yankuna da ƙananan lantarki.
Shin kuna sani? Ana amfani da Andromeda don dalilai na kiwon lafiya. Ana amfani da wasu tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire don yin maganin maganin tari, ciwon kai, da kuma cututtuka na tsarin haihuwa na mace.
Girma a gida
Ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna sa yawancin 'yan'uwanmu ba kawai jin dadi ba, amma har da matsala mai yawa. Kullun yanki ba su da dukkan yanayi masu dacewa domin suyi girma a fannin yankinmu. 
Don ƙirƙirar makirci mai kyau, za ku ji sha'awar koyi game da zane-zane, kayan aiki da kayan aikin gona, wato: gonar lambu na taya da tayar da hanyoyi, wats, gabions, dutsen dutse, ladabburai, wasan motsa jiki don gadaje, tsabtace hasken rana.
Yanayin tsarewa
Don dasa shuki daromeda a cikin gida suna dace da yanki ko inuwa. Amma shuka yana jin mafi kyau a cikin penumbra, kusa da mafi girma nau'in ornamental.
An dasa shuki a kananan ramuka game da zurfin zurfin 30, wanda aka cire ƙasa daga ƙasa. Wannan tsari yana daya daga cikin mafi muhimmancin yanayi don amfanin gonar, tun da yake bai yarda da yanayin tsaka tsaki ba ko yanayin alkaline, saboda haka ya kamata a bunkasa andromeda ne kawai a kan ƙwayoyin artificial.
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin wurare masu bude da haske, ƙwayoyin suna da girma a cikin nau'i na tsire-tsire masu tsayi na yau da kullum, a cikin penumbra daji ya zama ƙari da ƙasa.
Kasar gona da taki
Andromeda yana da yawa ganye, kamar dukan mambobi ne na Vereskov iyali, Yana son ƙarancin acidic ƙasa tare da pH a cikin kewayon 3.5-5, sabili da haka, shrubs ya kamata a dasa na musamman a kan acidic m substrates. Duk da haka, yanayin ƙasa bai cika kowane abin da ake buƙata a kowane iyali ba. Sabili da haka, a maimakon ƙasa na ƙasa, an shirya cakuda ƙasa mai mahimmanci wanda ya kunshi peat, sand, sawdust, allurar da aka kwashe (a duk wani haɗuwa) an saka shi a kan mãkirci.
Ya kamata a duba ƙasa don yin amfani da acid ta amfani da alama ta musamman, in ba haka ba shuka zai iya mutuwa ba. Idan akwai rashin acidity, dole ne a yi amfani da substrate ta hanyar amfani da peat.
Irin wannan ƙasa baya buƙatar ƙarin taki, kafin a dasa shi, dole ne a zuba shi da ruwan acidified a madadin: 10 lita na ruwa da 1 sq. m flower gadaje. An shirya maganin a kan citric (1 tsp / 3 na ruwa), oxalic (1 tsp / 3 l na ruwa), acetic (10 g / 1 l na ruwa) ko 9% na malic acid (10 g / 1 l ruwa). Amma diluted sulfuric acid (5-10 ml / 1 l na ruwa) ya fi kyau ga wannan, amma samun shi ba sauki.
Zai kasance da amfani a gare ku don ƙarin koyo game da nau'o'in iri da kaya na ƙasa, tsarin ajiya don su, yadda za a yanke hukunci akan yanayin acid a kan shafin, yadda za a raba shi, da kuma gano abin da ya dogara da kuma yadda za a inganta ƙwayar ƙasa.
Andromeda dole ne a ciyar sau ɗaya a shekara., a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin farkon kakar girma. Ma'adinai na ma'adinai masu magungunan da suke acidic ("Kemira Universal" ko takin mai magani don hydrangeas) sun fi dacewa don wannan dalili.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin siffar bushe, tare da lissafin 1 tbsp. l / 1 daji, ta hanyar uniform sprinkling taki a kusa da tushe na daji. Ƙarin abinci ba wajibi ne ba, amma don inganta ci gaban da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire dole ne a ciyar da su sau 1-2 a lokacin aiki budding da flowering.
Watering da danshi
Andromeda yana buƙatar yin amfani da ruwa, musamman a yanayin zafi. Ya kamata a shayar da shuka a kowace rana, akalla sau 1-2 a rana, kuma a lokacin zafi da tsakar rana, wajibi ne a buɗaɗar da rassan shrub daga raguwa. A cikin lokutan damuwa, yin amfani da daji ne da za'ayi kamar yadda ya kamata.
Don ban ruwa, amfani da ruwa mai tsabta a zafin jiki mai dadi. Da zarar kowane kwanaki 10-15, dole ne a yi amfani da kasar gona sau ɗaya. Don yin wannan, an shayar da ruwa don ban ruwa tare da karamin citric (1 tsp / 3 na ruwa), oxalic (1 tsp / 3 l na ruwa), acetic (10 g / 1 l na ruwa) ko 9% na malic acid (10 g / 1 l na ruwa).
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin zafi, dole ne a cike da bishiyoyi tare da sawdust ko ƙirar da aka fara, wannan zai taimaka kare shuka daga yiwuwar overheating.
Abota da zafin jiki
Wannan injin ba ta jure wa shawo kan tsawan ciki ba, don haka kafin dasa shuki ya zama dole don tabbatar da hakan cewa gado tare da shrubs zai kasance cikin mafi rigar kuma ana kiyaye shi daga hasken rana.
Mafi yawan zafin jiki na wannan shrub a lokacin dumi na shekara yana cikin + 20-25 ° C, amma shuka zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi mafi girma. Sabili da haka, ana iya samo mafi yawan samfurori masu mahimmanci na andromeda a cikin yanayin yanayi mai dumi. Domin shuka a cikin zafi don jin dadi, kar ka manta game da ƙarin watering.
Sau da yawa ana shawo kan sauƙi a hanyar da aka samu. Wannan shrub yana iya tsayayya da frosts mai tsawo, har zuwa -45 ° C. Amma don kada frosts ba su shafar bayyanar shuka ba, dole ne a rufe shi. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da kayan rufe na musamman don tsire-tsire ko amfani da kananan igiyoyin coniferous.
Kiwo
Andromeda ya yi kyau sosai, ba tare da yanayin yanayin damuwa ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa duniyar da ke da tsalle-tsalle da andromed ke sarrafawa don samun sauri. Ana aiwatar da tsari sau biyu a hanyoyi biyu: tare da taimakon tsaba ko vegetatively.
Tsaba
Bayan flowering a kan shrub, kananan 'ya'yan itace-kwalaye an kafa, wanda ya ƙunshi tsaba, su ne ainihin tushen iri. An shuka shuki da kyau, kai tsaye a cikin wani bude, a baya tattalin ƙasa (acidified substrate na peat, yashi, sawdust da auku needles a kowace hade). Lokacin mafi kyau na shuka shi ne ƙarshen kaka. Ana shuka tsaba a kananan rijiyoyin da zurfin ba fiye da 5 cm ba, sa'an nan kuma sun shayar da ruwa tare da acidified ruwa bisa ga hanyar da aka bayyana a sama.
Ana lura da tsire-tsire masu amfani da Andromeda a cikin idon ruwa, bayan da aka fara farawa. A wannan lokaci, wajibi ne a yi takin gargajiya da ƙwaya, za mu iya fitar da albarkatu idan sun cancanta. Don inganta iri-iri na germination, za a iya fara dasa su a cikin tukwane a dakin da zazzabi. Don yin wannan, an shuka su a cikin kananan kwantena a cikin makonni 4-5 kafin a fara samuwa, sannan ana shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa.
Vegetative
Hanyoyin kayan lambu na wannan shrub yana faruwa ta rarraba rhizome ko grafting. Yayinda aka sake yin amfani da rhizome a tsakiyar bazara, kana buƙatar tono sama da kananan bushes kafa a kan gado, sa'annan a hankali raba su daga tushen iyaye. Bayan haka, ana iya dasa bishiyoyi zuwa sabon wuri. Don tsire-tsire don yaduwa da sauri, dole ne a ciyar da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci, kuma dole ne a shayar da shi sosai don kwanaki 20-30.
An girbe cututtukan Andromeda a cikin rabin rabin Yuni, nan da nan bayan flowering. Don yin wannan, kananan bishiyoyi na tsawon mita 5-7 an yanke su daga harbe-shekara, bayan haka an dasa su a cikin wani gine-gine ko a cikin wani wuri mai budewa a kan wani ƙwayar wucin gadi (acidified cakuda peat, yashi, sawdust da gurare da aka kwashe). Lokacin da girma a cikin ƙasa mai tsabta ƙasa dole ne a rufe shi da filastik kunsa don ƙirƙirar greenhouse sakamako. Domin tsawon kwanaki 20-30, tsire-tsire sunyi yalwa da ruwa, bayan da cututtuka sunyi tushe, an nuna musu kulawa na gari. A lokacin hunturu, wajibi ne a rufe dukkanin tsire-tsire tare da takarda na peat na kimanin 3 cm, kazalika da spunbond. A cikin bazara na gaba, ana iya shirya cututtuka don canja wuri zuwa wuri mai dindindin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don ƙara yawan haɓaka, dole ne a bi da cuttings tare da ci gaba na musamman don ƙananan shrubs.
Matsalolin da suka yiwu a girma
Babban matsalolin da masana'antu ke fuskanta wajen girma da kuma haɓaka sune:
- Isasshen acidity kasa da ƙasa. Koda tare da sake maye gurbin ƙasa daga wani gado zuwa wani abu wanda aka haɓaka, wanda a cikin 'yan watanni, saboda tsari na halitta, an mayar da ƙasa zuwa matakin pH neutral. Sabili da haka, a cikin kakar girma, wajibi ne don saka idanu wannan alamar tareda taimakon alamomi na musamman.
- Ambaliya ta tsire-tsire da narke ruwa. Wannan yana haifar da kashewa da mutuwar shrub, sabili da haka kowane gado zai zama dole ya zama cikakke, kuma ya narke ruwa, idan ya yiwu, a cire shi a waje da shafin.
- Tsari bushes. Tsarin zai haifar saboda budewa na shuka, domin ya hana shi, dole ne a cire adreshin bayanan bayan an fara narkewa.
- Watering tare da ruwa mai tsanani. Wannan danshi yana haifar da salini na ƙasa, wanda zai haifar da hana hana girma da mutuwar tsire-tsire. Don kauce wa salinization, ya kamata a shayar da damuwa tare da ruwan sama ko ruwa mai tsabta.
Kwaro, cututtuka da kuma rigakafi
Mafi yawan cututtuka masu yawa a cikin multifilament daromedic sun hada da:
- gauraye chlorosis - saboda rashin ƙarfe, potassium, magnesium da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, cutar tana nuna kansa a cikin nau'i na kananan launuka a cikin leaflets;
- necrosis na ganye - sakamakon rashin abinci mai gina jiki, acidity na ƙasa da sauran yanayi masu girma, bayyanar kamar ƙananan launi masu duhu waɗanda suke girma a tsawon lokaci don kammala lalata ganye;
- ƙwayar launin toka - cuta mai cututtuka ta hanyar naman gwari na microscopic Botrytis cinerea, cutar ta nuna kanta a matsayin mai launin launin toka a kan harbe, wanda hakan yakan haifar da fadowa daga launi da mutuwar shuka;
- entomozy - hadadden cututtuka da cutar ta haifar da ita, wanda shine sakamakon sakamakon shan kashi na kwari na iyali Tsarin: kwari iri iri suna cinye bishiyoyi, wanda ke haifar da lalata da kuma necrosis.
Shin kuna sani? Copper sulfate (jan karfe sulfate) da farko an samu a 1648, godiya ga masanin Jamus Rudolf Glauber. A cikin masana'antun abinci, an yi amfani da wannan abu a matsayin karin kayan abinci E519 - mai kiyayewa.
Hanyar da za a iya hana cututtuka a cikin andromeda multifaceted:
- ƙasa sterilization kafin dasa shuki;
- dace fertilizing tare da ma'adinai da takin mai magani;
- kiyaye a kan gado na mafi kyau duka ƙasa da ruwa yanayi;
- kasar gona;
- amfani da ruwa mai laushi don ban ruwa;
- m dubawa na tsire-tsire;
- magani na zamani na gadon filawa tare da kayan aiki na kariya (jan karfe sulfate bayani, Topaz, Fundazol).
Maɗaukaki masu yawa da Andromeda ita ce tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa wanda zai iya kawo kyawawan sha'awa a duk lokacin girma. Duk da haka, amfanin gona na wannan shrub na bukatar yanayi na musamman. Ganye na bukatar arziki, amma ƙasa acidic, haske na musamman da tsarin ruwa, kazalika da maganin rigakafi da kwari. Sai kawai a karkashin dukkan waɗannan yanayi, ƙwayar daromed zai ci nasara.
