Babbar kyakkyawan shawara ga gona - Red steppe irin na shanu

Idan ƙwarewar gonar ita ce samar da kiwo, zaɓin don kulawa da noma na Red Steppe ramin saniya ne mai dacewa kuma mai amfani.

Dogon, kusan shekaru 200 na kwarewa a cikin kwarewa da kuma aikin zootechnical tare da irin ya tabbatar da wannan.

Tarihin Red Steppe irin

Yanayin gidaje - yankunan kudancin Ukraine. Halittar wannan jagorancin shanu da kifi ya faru ne ta hanyar shayarwa da kuma hayewa na haifa na Ukrainian sulfur tare da shigo da Angeln, Ostfryzlyandskoy, Wilstermarch breeds.

Tun daga 70s na karni na XIX. saboda tsarin tafiyar hijira na yawan jama'a, irin nauyin jan alkama na Jamus wanda ya haifar da ƙetare ya yada daga steppe Black Sea Coast a cikin Kuban, Stavropol yankin, Kalmykia, da Volga, yankunan yammacin Siberia.

A cikin sabon yanayi na gwagwarmaya, akwai ketare tare da kudan zuma da shanu, wanda ya haifar da sababbin yara da jikoki.

A ƙarshe ya samar da irin naman alade an tabbatar da shi daidai da yanayin yanayin damuwa na kayan aiki da rashin kayan aiki.

Bayanan Hoto

An gano abubuwan da ke gaba da cewa sunaye ne ga irin.:

• uniform daga launin jan-rawaya zuwa launin jan-launi (amma akwai alamun farin a kan nono, kai, kirji);
• musculature rauni ne;
• Tsarin jiki na tsawon lokaci 150 - 165 cm;
• Hasken haske;
• kirji mai zurfi - har zuwa 70 cm, matsakaici a fadin - 45 - 47 cm;
• saman layi ne mai ɗakin kwana;
• maƙalli shine matsakaici, kwano- ko mai siffar bath;
• ciki shine mai dadi, amma ba sagging;
• Halin da saitin kafaɗun yana daidai.

Halaye

Hanyoyin haihuwa na shanu suna da kyau:

• farko calving a da shekaru 28 zuwa 29 watanni;
• haihuwa yana da girma;
• lokacin da ake kira calving kimanin kwanaki 380;
• tare da abinci mai kyau da ya dace, calves da watanni shida isa kilo 160-170 na nauyin rayuwa.

Matsayin nauyi na jiki wani dabba babba shine 800 - 900 kilogiram na sire; 450 - 550 kg na saniya. Yawan aiki na lokacin lactation shine kimanin kilo mita dubu 3.5-4 na madara tare da abun ciki mai kyau na 3.5-3.7%.

Matsakaicin matsakaicin watanni wata sãniya da tsawon lokaci na 305 ya kasance daga 340 zuwa 400 kilogiram kuma ya dogara da shekarun dabba, adadin calving, ingancin abinci, da kuma yanayin da ake tsare.

Akwai kuma wasu sauran kiwo na shanu, kamar: Jersey, Simmental, Aishir.

Bugu da ƙari, samar da madara mai kyau ba zai iya ba dacewa Ana kiran dutsen:

• haƙuri;
• Kyakkyawan daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi;
• rashin tabbaci ga yanayin da ake tsare;
• a lokacin lokutan fari na rani, shanu ba kawai riƙe nauyi, amma kuma ciyar da shi ko da saline pastures.

To rashin amfani Girma sun haɗa da:

• lokuta masu yawa na mastitis a cikin shanu da kiwo a lokacin dabara milking saboda yawancin ci karo da ba daidai ba tsarin dukan udder ko da hannun jari;
• raunuka na sassan jiki saboda raunuka masu rauni lokacin da ake kiwo a wuraren kiwo tare da babban taimako;
• Raunin da ke cikin tsarin: maganin matsalolin da baya;
• Wasu samfurori suna haifar da rashin gamsuwa da ƙananan nauyin dabbobi, amma wanda zai iya yarda da wannan, tun da farko an sanya shi a matsayin nau'in kiwo.

Hotuna

Hoton "Red Steppe" irin shanu:

Gina da kuma kulawa

Babban haɓakawa ƙwayoyi suna kauce wa matsaloli da kuma muhimman kayan aikin da ke hade da kulawa da kula da dabbobi. A lokacin rani, asalin abincin da ya fi dacewa da ilimin halitta shi ne makiyaya.

Ciyawa na ciyawa yana da tasiri mai amfani akan yanayin jiki da kuma yawan yawan dabbobi. A cikin yankunan da suka yi zafi sosai, duk da cewa shanu na red steppe iri suna da kyau ta hanyar yanayin zafi mai kyau, zai zama da kyau in shirya inuwa a wuraren kiwo.

Yana da muhimmanci kauce wa gyara fiye da 2-2.5 km daga gona na makiyaya: farashin makamashi ta kilomita na hawan suna daidai da samuwar 1 kg na madara.

Don kyakkyawar lactation, ruwan sha ya zama mai tsabta, sabo ne da kuma isasshen yawa.

Ƙara mai haske, mai haske, ɗaki mai dumi ba tare da yin fasalin da zafin jiki na 10 - 12 ° C shine mafi kyau mafi kyau don kiyaye shanu a cikin hunturu.

A kullum, sai dai kwanaki masu sanyi da yanayin zafi a ƙasa -15 ° C, tafiya kana buƙatar samun karamin yanki. Girma yana kunshe da tsabta da wanke ruwa a wuraren da aka gurbata.

Kamar yadda a wasu nau'o'in, buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin shanu masu launin ja-gora ya dogara da tsarin ilimin likita. Gaba ɗaya, babban ɓangare na cin abinci na hunturu shine hay.

Amma, an ba da sauki ga dabbobi na wannan nau'in dangane da abinci, kashi na uku na ƙarar za a iya maye gurbin da bambaro.

A lokacin hunturu, nau'in kayan lambu na kayan lambu zai zama wani bangare na abincin abincin.

Idan ana kara gourds zuwa babban abinci, yana da kyau a kara su.

Silage a matsayin kawai tushen abinci shine wanda ba a ke so: zai iya haifar da haihuwar kananan yara.

Don kauce wa hasarar matakan makamashi a cikin jiki da rashin ciwon bitamin, ya kamata dabbobi su karbi premix - fillers tare da ƙari da ma'adanai na bitamin-mineral, ko ƙananan abubuwa. Musamman muhimmanci bitamin:

• Asarrafa aikin aikin numfashi, narkewa, urinary;
• D, samar da maganin nama da rigakafin rickets a cikin calves;
• Ecewa gabatar da dama da muhimmanci matakai na tafiyar matakai.

Don ramawa ga rashin daidaituwa na sodium a cikin abinci na abinci, dole ne a bai wa dabbobi gishiri.

Alurar riga kafi da rigakafin cutar

Shan shanu masu shayarwa suna da matukar damuwa ba kawai ga abubuwa masu mahimmanci ba, amma har ma wasu cututtuka, alal misali, numfashida kuma zuwa cutar sankarar bargowanda ya haifar da culling da kashe dabbobi marasa lafiya.

Duk da kundin tsarin mulki mai karfi da juriyar waɗannan shanu, maganin alurar rigakafi da sauran cututtuka na shanu suna da wuyar:

• ƙafa da ƙwayar bakin;
• emkar;
• anthrax.

Tsarin kariya da cuts da gadfly larvae da aka gudanar dangane da halin da ake ciki: bayyanar capsules tare da gadfly larvae a baya na dabbobi, gaban ticks a kan makiyaya.

Dangane da kwayoyin huhu da kwayoyin cuta, ana kula da shanu yanayikuma kamar yadda ake bukata.

Abubuwan da ake nufi da kiwo

A dabi'a, sha'awar inganta ingantaccen aikin kowane irin. Masu shayarwa don ja-gorancin ja-gora yayin da suke cike da kayan haɓaka da haɓaka da haɓaka sun nuna ainihin abubuwan da suka inganta:

• jan-speckled Holstein;
• Hanyar kwamfuta;
• jan danish

Manufar shine ci gaba:

• high madara mai kuma mai kyau anglers;
• m yawancin yanki da yiwuwar amfani dashi daga jajan Danish;
• mafi kyau quality na nono, mafi girma nauyi nauyi da yiwuwar high da ake samu daga golshtinok

Babban ikon haɓakawa na irin ya kamata a yi la'akari da farko a matsayin abin da ya dace don aikin dabbobi a yankuna tare da yanayi mai zafi.

Rashin amincewa da yanayin tsarewa baya nufin talauci da rashin daidaituwa ga abinci a wannan yanayin. Daidaitaccen kulawa da dabbobi, da kyakkyawar amsawa ga ingantaccen ciyarwa zai tabbatar da yawan biyan kuɗi da aka samu da madara da kayan ingancin kayan kiwo.