Dukkan abubuwa game da tushen ashidi: tsari, bayyanar, fasali da kula da su

Tushen ga shuka - wani muhimmin kwayar da ke samar da shi da danshi da na gina jiki. Halin tushen asalin kowane shuka yana da girma. Abin da ya sa kulawa da kyau shi ne muhimmancin gaske.

Orchids ba banda bane - duk da haka, a cikin wadannan furanni masu ban sha'awa an tsara asalinsu kuma suna aiki da bambanci fiye da yawancin jinsunan da suka saba da mu. A lokacin kula da orchid, wannan ya kamata a san shi kuma a ɗauka.

Tsarin da rawa a cikin rayuwar shuka

Babban aiki na tushen kowane shuka shi ne ya sha ruwa da na gina jiki daga matashi.abin da yake girma. Hakika, injin ba zai iya shan ruwa ba a cikin ma'anar kalmar, tun da ba shi da tsokoki. Suwa yana shiga cikin tushen ta wata hanyar - yana motsa daga ƙasa zuwa tushen kwayoyin ta osmosis.

Osmosis abu ne mai rikitarwa da za a iya sauƙaƙe da aka kwatanta kamar haka: kwayoyin ruwa suna motsawa daga wani sashi mai zurfi (ƙasa) zuwa wani ɓangaren ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (tushen kwayoyin halitta) ta hanyar kwayar halitta ta tsakiya.

Rashin sha daga ƙasa ya auku a cikin rhizodermis - na bakin ciki saman Layer na tushen, zahiri daya ko biyu Kwayoyin lokacin farin ciki. A mafi yawancin tsire-tsire, don ƙara ingantaccen tsarin, rhizodermis yana rufe gashin gashi na microscopic.

Sa'an nan kuma danshi ya shiga cikin lakabi na gaba - tsohuwar. Wannan Layer yana da nau'i nau'i: manyan Kwayoyin jiki mai walƙiya wadanda ba su da cytoplasm da ƙananan kwayoyin halitta waɗanda zasu iya canza ruwa a ciki. Ta hanyar exoderm, ruwa ya shiga cikin tushen, yana wucewa ta hanyar haushi - kashin da aka fara samuwa inda ake samo chloroplastan - kuma ya kai tsakiyar cibiyar, abin da ake kira axial cylinder, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'o'in ilimin ilimin ilimi da halayyar kuma yana da alhakin daukar nauyin haɗi da kayan abinci ga dukkanin tsirrai.

Tushen orchids an shirya a kan wannan ka'ida, duk da haka, akwai manyan bambance-bambance.

Ayyukan

Hanyoyi na tushen tsarin wadannan tsire-tsire suna rayuwa ne. Ba kamar yawancin tsire-tsire ba, tsire-tsire ba sa tushe cikin ƙasa. Suna girma a kan duwatsu ko wasu tsire-tsire, wanda ya zama nau'i na "tallafawa" a gare su, a lokuta masu wuya sun "yada" a ƙasa, amma ba su girma a ciki. Ana shayar da ruwa mai dadi daga ruwan sanyi - a cikin wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropics, a cikin mahaifar wadannan furanni, rassan ruwan sama da ruwa suna da yawa. Kwayoyin abinci, duk da haka, ana fitar da waɗannan tsire-tsire daga rassan - ganye, haushi, humus.

Orchids ba sa bukatar a nutse a cikin ƙasa don ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki. Suna rataya ta hannu daga dutse ko wani reshe, suna shan ruwan haɗi daga iska, ko kuma an ɓoye su a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓarnuwa. Wani irin tushen tsarin da furen ke da shi? Tushen wadannan tsire-tsire suna kiransa "airy" saboda suna a saman ƙasa, amma kada ka nemi sababbin "tushen" tushen orchid - inji ba shi da su.

Tun da tushen aschidi basu shiga haɗuwa da ƙasa ba, basu buƙatar rhizoderm - rassan suction - tare da gashin gashi. Maimakon haka, an rufe murfin tushen da zane na musamman - belamen. Magana mai ma'ana, wannan rhizoderm ne, kawai kwayoyinta ba su da rai, amma keratinized; Ginaran layin daji ne mai laushi kuma yayi kama da soso.

Hankali! Layer na velamen zai iya zama na bakin ciki, kawai tantanin halitta, kazalika da rhizoderm na yau da kullum (irin wannan launi na samuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin orchids a kan ƙasa), kuma zai iya kai ga kauri daga kwayoyin 19 (mafi yawan nau'in orchid dake zaune a bishiyoyi).

Tun da kwayoyin halitta ba su dace da osmosis ba, Hanyar samun ruwa orchid ya bambanta - kuma mai mahimmanci:

• a lokacin ruwan sama ko damuwa, ruwa ya shiga tushen dashi kuma ƙananan membranes daga cikin jikin salulan sunyi girma;
• a kan ganuwar ciki na cavities na Velamen lamellae an kafa - ruwan ruwa;
• Lamellae a hankali yana haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin aikin nauyi da kuma tashin hankali;
• babban "saukad da" an kori da kuma fitar da iska.

Saboda haka, ruwa yana gudana daga Layer a cikin ƙarancin jini, kuma daga can ta wurin haushi zuwa cylinder. Bugu da ƙari ga tarkon da cike da danshi, wannan nau'in abu mai mahimmanci kuma yana da aikin karewa - wani ɓangaren kwanciyar hankali na ƙwayar zuma yana kiyaye tushen asarar da ke zaune a kan duwatsu da itatuwa daga lalacewa. Bugu da ƙari, ba haka ba da dadewa, an gano cewa namomin kaza da microalgae suna zaune a cikin pores na Velamen, suna taimaka wa shuka don aiwatar da salts mai potassium da phosphorus masu mahimmanci.

Mene ne tushen tushen tsarin flower mai kyau?

Don haka a gida yana da wuya a "shuka" wani orchid a kanji ko dutse, masu shuka furanni sun sanya su a cikin wani sashi na musammanmisalin litter. Yana iya kunshi gansakuka, rassan haushi, sawdust, da dai sauransu. A wannan yanayin, wani ɓangare na tushen orchid yana nutsewa a cikin maɓallin, yayin da wani ɓangaren ya kasance a farfajiya.

Tushen sassan da ke saman dutsen suna da launi mai launin fata-launin fata, wanda aka sanya su ta hanyar Layer. A lokacin da aka shayar da shi, sai velamen ya zama wuri mai zurfi, kuma ta wurinsa ne a cikin halittu masu rarrafe a cikin ɗakin halitta - tushen yana daukan launin kore mai haske. Chloroplasts a cikin tushen kochids sune "ma'aikata" - suna da damar photosynthesis, kuma a wasu nau'o'in sune tushen sunadaran kyamarar hotuna a kan launi tare da ganye.

Tushen, nutsewa a cikin rufi, ya bambanta - tun da babu wani haske akan su, kuma ba a samar da chlorophyll a cikinsu ba, suna da duhu kuma suna da launin launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa. A farkon masu shuka furanni, darkening na "karkashin kasa" tushen wani orchid sau da yawa ya zama dalilin damuwa. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki bai zama dole ba.

Hotuna

Bayan haka zaka iya gani a cikin hoton, abin da ya kamata ya zama tushen shuka mai kyau:

Yadda ake kulawa a gida?

Duk da kariya masu kariya, ginshiƙan orchid suna da matukar damuwa kuma suna buƙatar yanayin kulawa na musamman. Duk da haka sanin game da siffofin tushen tsarin wadannan tsire-tsire, zai zama sauƙi don ƙirƙirar yanayin da ake bukata:

1. Da farko dai, tushen aschids yana buƙatar iska a wurare daban-daban - har ma wadanda suke cikin matashi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba za'a iya shuka kochid a cikin ƙasa mai kyau ba - tushen tsarin ba zai iya "numfasawa" a cikinta ba.

   A gare su, kawai wani sako-sako da kayan da aka zubar da ya dace, abin da ya kamata ya zama ba mai yawa ba. Har ila yau yana da kyau don yin ramuka a cikin ganuwar tukunya.

2. Tushen Orchid ba zai iya sha ruwa daga matashi ba - Layer velamen ba ya dace da tsarin tafiyar osmotic kuma zai iya sha ruwa kawai a kan shi.

   Sabili da haka, dole ne a yi tsabtace tsararru na zamani. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shayar da orchids, amma mafi yawan shine a saka tukunya tare da shuka a cikin ruwan dumi na kusan rabin sa'a.

3. Kada ruwa ko "wanke" kochid sau da yawa - tushen tsarin wannan shuka shine sauƙi mai saukin kamuwa da lalata. Bayan kowace watering, dole ne a bari yatsun ya bushe - dangane da abun da ke ciki na substrate, wannan tsari zai iya ɗauka daga kwana biyu zuwa makonni biyu.

Cututtuka da magani

Matsalolin da suka fi dacewa da kamfanonin orchid suna fuskantar juyawa da kuma bushewa da asalinsu.

1. Dalilin lalata sau da yawa yakan zama mara dace - ma m ko ma yawan. Binciken tushen asalin - alamar cewa dole ne a sake duba yanayin yanayin ban ruwa. Tushen kansu, da rashin alheri, ba za a iya sake su ba - dole ne a cire su. Kuma wajibi ne don yin wannan a cikin sauri, in ba haka ba fashewar zai motsa cikin asalinsu.
2. Drying ya zo ko dai saboda rashin ruwan danshi, ko kuma saboda sunadarai sun ƙone tare da matsanancin taro ko zaɓi mara kyau na takin mai magani.

   A cikin yanayin farko, dole ne a wanke tushen da ruwa mai laushi a dakin da zazzabi da yadda za a zuba. A cikin akwati na biyu, dole ne a dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mara kyau. Idan tushen ya juya launin rawaya kuma ya zama abin ƙyama, yana bukatar a yanke - ba zai yiwu a "rayar da shi" ba.

Orchid ne mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na flower, wanda yawancin masu shuka furanni suna sonta. Dokokin kula da shi ba su da mahimmanci kamar yadda yake iya gani, musamman ma idan kuna da ra'ayin game da tsarin shuka da kuma sake zagaye na rayuwa. Kula da shawarwari masu sauki za a sāka tare da fure mai girma.