Seedling

Wace fitilu ne ake buƙata don haskaka seedlings: ma'auni na zabin da kayan aiki

Yawancin lokaci, a lokacin da girma seedlings, masu lambu ba su amfani da duk wani abu mai haske, la'akari da sayen su azaman ɓataccen kuɗi. Duk da haka, idan kana da kwalaye masu yawa tare da seedlings kuma duk wanda ba shi da isasshen sarari a kan taga sill, to, tambaya na hasken lantarki ya zama mafi dacewa. Tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin inuwar sun fi ƙanƙanta da raunana fiye da ƙananan da suke karɓar isasshen haske, sabili da haka, sun ba wannan hujja, yana da hankali don yin tunani game da sayen kayan aiki masu dacewa. Tare da saitin dacewa da zaɓi na ainihi na na'urar wuta, babu konewa kada ya ji tsoro.

Shin yana yiwuwa a haskaka seedlings tare da na al'ada fitila

Zaɓin mafi arha a yau yaudarar abubuwa shine filayen ƙwayar wuta, amma ba shakka ba dace da nuna rubutu ba. Da farko dai, har ma da mafi tsada da tsada irin wannan na'ura ba zai ba ka izinin samun adadin da ya dace da irin wannan zane mai haske da kuma haske ba saboda ƙananan haske, kuma na biyu, ko da wane nesa a sama da seedlings ka sanya hasken wuta, hadarin ƙonawa har yanzu sosai. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya kamata a yi la'akari da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka don kungiya ta hasken wuta.

Shin kuna sani? A cikin garin Amirka na Livermore (California) a wani tashar wutar lantarki yana da haske mai haske, wanda ya haskaka kusan tun daga 1901. Ana lura da shi a cikin littafin Guinness Book as the most durable.

Irin fitilu

Daga cikin fitilu da yawa a kasuwar, ƙananan lumana da alamun sunaye sun fi dacewa, amma don fahimtar abin da suke amfani da shi, yana da muhimmanci muyi nazarin halaye na sauran fitilu: sodium, mercury, halide.

Fluorescent

Irin wannan fitilar ne gas fitar da hasken haskeinda kayan lantarki ke fitowa a cikin tururuwa na mercury ya bada haske mai haske na ultraviolet. Daga bisani, lokacin amfani da wakili mai mahimmanci na musamman, an canza shi zuwa halayen haske. Hasken fitilu yana nuna nauyin da ya fi dacewa da haske fiye da sababbin fitilu da kamfanonin wutar lantarki ɗaya. Tare da cikakken nazarin duk halaye na fitilu, muna samun bayanai masu zuwa:

  1. Amfani - iyakar 20-22%.
  2. Rayuwa - lokacin da aka juya game da sau 2000, kimanin shekaru 5.
  3. Haske ya dace - 50-80 l / W.
  4. Amfani da makamashi - 15-65 W / h.
  5. Yanayin launi - 2700-7700 ° K (dangane da iri-iri).

A bayyane yake, hasken fitilu yana da taro dacewaDomin ba wai kawai sun ba da haske ba, amma kuma suna fitar da tabarau, yayin da suke samar da hasken rana. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da kwararan fitila mai ƙyama, irin waɗannan abubuwa masu haske zasu iya tabbatar da aiki mai tsawo, ba shakka, idan ba za ku yi amfani da su ba a wurare na jama'a (akwai iyaka akan yawan haɓaka). Haskewa a cikin wannan yanayin zai kasance kamar yadda ya kamata ga halitta. Amma rashin ƙarfi hasken fitilu, to, sun haɗa da wadannan:

  • haɗarin haɗarin haɗari saboda ƙananan abun ciki na mercury (daga kimanin 2.3 zuwa 1 g);
  • rashin daidaituwa da daidaituwa na launi, wanda wani lokaci ma yana iya ganewa ta hankalin mutum;
  • wani canji a cikin launi bakan saboda rashin lalacewa na phosphor (sakamakon haka, ƙaddamarwar fitowar ƙasa ta ƙasaita da ƙimar aiki ya rage), amma wannan yana ɗaukar lokaci;
  • tare da ƙananan ƙarfin haɓakar wutar lantarki yana iya flicker tare da ninka sauƙi na wutar lantarki;
  • samuwa na na'urar farawa, wadda aka bayar tare da wani nau'i mai mahimmanci ko tsada mai mahimmanci na lantarki.

Shin kuna sani? Kwanni na fitilu na zamani sun kasance fitilun gas daga waɗannan fitilu, wanda ya bayyana a 1856. Mutumin farko wanda ya kula da hasken gas a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanzu, shine masanin kimiyya mai suna Mikhail Lomonosov.

Sodium

A cikin irin waɗannan abubuwa masu haske, tushen hasken shine ma'aurata sodiumdauke da iskar gas. Saboda haka, a cikin nauyin hasken haske na haske mai haske na launin orange. Hakika, launi mai kyau a cikin wannan yanayin ba za'a iya kira cikakke ba, tun da radiation kanta tana halin monochrome. Bisa ga darajan matsanancin matsanancin matsi, dukkanin waɗannan abubuwa masu hasken wuta suna rabu zuwa fitilu na ƙananan ƙarfi, kuma Abubuwan halaye na ma'auni sun bayyana a cikin adadi masu zuwa:

  1. Ana iya aiki - iyakar 30% (ga fitilu masu girma).
  2. Rayuwar sabis - har zuwa sa'o'i 16-28.
  3. Lissafin fitilu shine lumina 150 / watt (a cikin fitilun fitilu) da 200 lumen / watts (don fitilun ƙararru).
  4. Amfani da wutar lantarki - 70-60 W / h.
  5. A launi zafin jiki ne 2000-2500 ° K.

Siffofin launi bakan da muhimmancin flicker tare da sau biyu na samar da wutar lantarki ya ba da damar yin amfani da fitilu na sodium a hasken wuta, musamman na ado da gine-gine.

Amfanin Wannan zaɓi shine kamar haka:

  • aikin dogon lokaci;
  • ƙaddamarwar haske mai mahimmanci a lokacin tsawon lokacin aiki (a ƙasa da 130 lm / W za'a iya kiyaye shi kawai a ƙarshen sabis na fitilar);
  • radiation dadi ga idanu mutane;
  • yiwuwar amfani a cikin namo na seedlings a cikin kwanakin baya ko don wasu dalilai na gida.

Amma rashin ƙarfi nau'in sodium, shi ne:

  • ƙwarewar masana'antu saboda kasancewar sodium vapor;
  • matalauta launi inganci;
  • Babban haɗakarwa zuwa kwakwalwa ta lantarki yana narkewa a cikin hannayen hannu (don dogon lokaci, haɓaka wutar lantarki ya zama ba fãce 5-10%);
  • da buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki (dole ne dole ya zama kaya mai sarrafawa, wanda aka zaba bisa ga halaye na wani fitilar);
  • buƙatar sauƙi (minti 5-10) kafin sake farawa;
  • rashin lafiyar muhallin lafiya saboda kasancewar sodium a cikin fitila.

Zai yiwu don dalilai na gida irin waɗannan fitilu zasu dace (alal misali, don walƙiya na titi), amma lokacin da yake girma da ƙwayoyi yana da mahimmancin la'akari da sauran zaɓuɓɓuka, wanda ya fi dacewa da aminci da amfani da launi daban-daban.

Yana da muhimmanci! Rikici na monochrome daga fitilu na sodium mai girma (a cikin rawaya orange-rawaya) zai dace don saurin aiwatar da kayan amfanin gona, don haka an saka su a wasu lokutan a cikin greenhouses.

Mercury

Fitilar fitarwa irin wannan shine wata haske mai haske, radiation wanda ke faruwa ne saboda fitarwa a cikin tururi. Bisa ga iskar gas a cikin fitilar, RL an sake shi tare da matsananciyar matsanancin matsananciyar matsala. Saboda haka, an rarraba matsin lamba na tururi na mercury har zuwa 100 Pa, har zuwa 100 kPa da 1 MPa ko fiye.

Ana nuna alamun fitilu na mercury a cikin alamomi masu zuwa:

  1. Dama - iyakar 10-12%.
  2. Rayuwa sabis - har zuwa 10-15 hours.
  3. Haske ya dace - 45-60 lumen / watt.
  4. Amfani da wutar lantarki - 50-400 W / h.
  5. Yanayin launi - har zuwa 3800 ° K.

Wadannan abubuwa masu haske suna rashin amfani da tattalin arziki, kuma ana amfani dashi da yawa don hanyoyin birni mai haske, wuraren masana'antu da kuma nazarin bita, inda ba'a buƙatar kima akan ingancin launi.

Kwayoyin cuta gas bayyana fitilun fitilu sun bayyana a cikin wadannan:

  • sun kasance m;
  • mallaki kyawawan hasken haske;
  • Sau 5-7 more tattali fiye da talakawa incandescent kwararan fitila;
  • idan aka yi amfani da shi daidai, samar da har zuwa sa'o'i 15,000 na aikin hako;
  • Mafi yawan ƙananan kwararan fitila sun ƙone;
  • haifa launuka daban-daban;
  • zai iya aiki a yanayin yanayin zafi da ƙasa mai zafi (daga +50 zuwa -40 ° C).

Abubuwa marasa amfani Ayyukan haske na mercury ba su da sananne, sun haɗa da:

  • ƙananan zafin jiki (ba fiye da 3800 ° K) ba;
  • tsawon ƙwaƙwalwa (minti 7-10);
  • mai karfin gaske ga canje-canje a cikin hanyar sadarwa;
  • in mun gwada da ingancin launi;
  • dogon lokacin tsaftace haske;
  • raguwar launi na launi ta fara daga rabi na biyu na lokacin aiki;
  • ƙananan ƙaunar muhalli saboda kasancewar mercury a tsarin.

Kamar fitilu na sodium, fitilun fitilu sun fi dacewa da manufofin gida, amma don amfanin gonar da ke ci gaba da shuka a cikin matakan farko ba zasu iya isa ba.

Samun sanannun irin abubuwan da suke da girma na cucumbers, eggplants, tumatir, barkono, beets, albasa, zucchini, strawberries, furanni.

Metal halide

Wannan jinsin, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, wakiltar kungiyar manyan abubuwa masu hasken wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, ba kamar su ba, haɓakar karfe yana samar da luminescence saboda gabatarwar addittu na musamman a cikin mai ƙonawa - wasu haɓakan karfe. An bayyana halaye na fitilu na fitilu a cikin kalmomi masu zuwa:

  1. Gida - iyakar 16-28%.
  2. Rayuwar sabis - har zuwa sa'o'i 6-10.
  3. Tsarin haske - 80-170 lumen / watt.
  4. Amfani da wutar lantarki - 70-400 W / h.
  5. Yanayin launi - daga 2500 ° K (haske mai haske) zuwa 20 000 ° K (haske mai haske).

Ana yin amfani da fitilu masu amfani da tsabta a cikin shimfidar tsarin shimfidawa da kuma shimfidar abubuwa masu ban sha'awa, duk da cewa ba a cire amfani da su a masana'antu da gine-gine da kuma wuraren shakatawa ba. Za su zama kyakkyawan bayani game da batun fitilu a duk inda kake buƙatar ƙara haske da halayen yanayi kamar yadda ya kamata a hasken rana.

Amfanin IPM kamar haka:

  • babban fitarwa (har zuwa 170 lumen / watt);
  • kyau makamashi dace;
  • Yanayin haɓaka mai karfi (har zuwa 3500 watts);
  • barga aikin ko da kuwa zazzabi;
  • matsakaicin iyakar haske zuwa rãnã, don haka ana iya ganin radiation ta hankalin mutum;
  • ƙananan ƙananan fitilar;
  • amfani da dogon lokaci.
To fursunoni karfe halita abubuwa masu haske sun hada da:

  • farashin mafi girma;
  • wani canji a cikin chromaticity na radiation saboda karfin ikon a cikin grid ikon;
  • fara lokaci;
  • buƙatar ɗaukar fitilar abin dogara a cikin fitilar (babban ƙarfin lantarki zai iya haifar da fashewa na kashi).

Shin kuna sani? An yi amfani da filament Thomas Edison daga bamboo.

Hasken haske

Mutane da yawa masu rani na rani sunyi la'akari da jagorancin manhajar LED don yin mafita mafi kyau ga bukatar ƙarin haske na seedlings. Wannan na'ura mai zaman kanta yana da amfani mai yawa, musamman a kwatanta da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan hasken wuta. A mafi ƙarancin, yana amfani da wutar lantarki da yawa, tun da cewa fasaha ya dogara ne akan tsarin radiation daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, haske mai fita yana kusa da haske na hasken rana, wanda yana da sakamako mai tasiri akan tsire-tsire. Halaye na fitilun Lissafi na yanzu suna wakiltar waɗannan dabi'u:

  1. Ana iya aiki - iyakar 99%.
  2. Rayuwar sabis - har zuwa sa'o'i 100,000;
  3. Haske ya dace - 10-200 lumen / watt;
  4. Amfani da makamashi - 1 W / hour (kowace diode).
  5. Launi mai launi shine 2700-6500 ° K.

Hanyoyin siffofi daban-daban na abubuwa masu haske na LED sun ba ka damar amfani da su sosai a kowane wurare: alal misali, kasidu suna da sauƙi don haɗawa da kayan aiki, kuma fitilu za a iya juye su a cikin kwasfa. Daga cikin manyan abubuwan amfani raba:

  • low lantarki amfani (kawai 10% na amfani da daidaitattun kwararan fitila).
  • tsawon rayuwar sabis ba tare da raguwa mai yawa a cikin ingancin radiation;
  • babban ƙarfin damuwa na inji;
  • abokiyar muhalli (LEDs basu buƙatar kowane abu mai cutarwa);
  • da yiwuwar daidaitawa da tsananin haske;
  • low voltage a yanayin aiki;
  • azumi ya warke har zuwa iyakar tsananin haske;
  • rashin kulawa da kullun.

Muhimmanci rashin ƙarfi Lissafi ba, duk da haka, yana da daraja lura da ƙwarewarsu ga yawan zafin jiki (wanda ba zai yiwu a yi ba a cikin wanka da saunas), rashin cikakkun bayanai game da halaye akan marufi, amma wannan ya fi dacewa saboda rashin kirkirar masana'antun.

Karanta ma game da shirye-shiryen ƙasa don seedlings: ka'idoji na musamman don shirye-shiryen cakuda ƙasa, ƙarancin ƙasa, girma seedlings a cikin takardar bayan gida.

Wanne fitila ne mafi alhẽri a yi amfani da girma seedlings: Fluorescent ko LED

Bayan yin la'akari da kowane nau'i na ma'aunin haske don samar da seedlings, a ra'ayi, kawai ana iya kira biyu daga cikinsu: Dama da fadi. Daban gas ɗin-ruwa (Mercury, sodium da hauren karfe) ba koyaushe suna iya samar da yanayin da ake bukata don tsire-tsire ba. Alal misali, a cikin fitilu na mercury, hasken haske ya kusan sau biyu kasa da sauran, kuma sodium saboda haske mai haske-orange yana fi dacewa da furanni kuma ya haskaka amfanin gona a ƙarshen lokacin noma.

Yana da muhimmanci! Wasu fitilu na Sodium ba za a iya shigar da su ba a cikin kwatsam, suna da alaka ta musamman.

Game da abubuwa masu hasken wuta, sune mafi kyawun tsada, kuma yafi kyau a yi amfani da shi a lokuta idan cin ganyayyaki ya fi kyau, maimakon flowering. Kada a yi la'akari da kwararan fitila wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba, tun da maimakon bishiyoyi da ake so daga blue-ja bakan, suna fitar da mai launin rawaya-ja, suna da zafi sosai kuma ba su dace ba cikin cikin ciki.

Bai wa dukan abin da ke sama ba, yana da mahimmanci kawai don la'akari biyu zažužžukan don lighting: ta yin amfani da fitilu da haske. Na farko sun bambanta da cikakkun nauyin luminescence (hakika, tare da zabi da haɗin kai), kuma na biyu suna halin rashin amfani da karfi da kuma yiwuwar zaɓar wani bambancin nauyin walƙiya ga kowane mataki na bunƙasa seedling: na farko, launin launi ya kamata ya zama rinjaye, kuma ja-orange ya kamata ya dace. An yi imanin cewa LEDs suna da siffofi masu mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da abubuwa masu haske, amma kada ya manta game da muhimmancin wuri mai kyau. Idan wutar lantarki mai haske za a kai tsaye zuwa akwatin, kuma fitilar wutar lantarki mai tsaftacewa ta kasance tsayi sosai, sa'annan ya bayyana a fili cewa hasken daga gare ta za a yada, kuma ba kaiwa ga tsire-tsire ba. Duk da haka, abubuwa masu hasken wuta suna dauke da suna a yau, don haka yana da kyau a bincika su a hankali.

Muna ba da shawara ka karanta game da yin katako na katako don girma seedlings.

Yadda za a zaba fitila mai haske don tsire-tsire

Ba kamar sauran luminaires ba, kungiyar ta LED tana da manyan nau'o'in zane-zane, wanda har ila yau za'a iya kwatanta shi da fasali na mutum.

Lambar fitila

A cikin bayyanar, LED yana tsara fitilu (yafi zagaye da kuma square), ƙwararren haske na haske (zub da jini a cikin tushe) da kuma ɗakunan LED waɗanda za a iya haɗa su a ko'ina. Fassarori masu mahimmanci sun hada da "masara", "flask" da LED tubes (musamman T8 ko G13).

LED a siffar tubes - kyakkyawan bayani idan kana buƙatar sauƙin canza fitilar fitila na lantarki, tun da sababbin abubuwa sun dace da girman su da kuma wurin lambobin sadarwa (ana saka LEDs a kan jirgi tare da tsawon fitilar). Harshen Tushe na Tubular walƙiya - Mafi yawan fitilar da za a iya samu tare da SMD da COB LEDs. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne nau'in matte, wadda ke tabbatar da watsawa mai haske. Har ila yau, wani zaɓi mai kyau zai kasance iri iri tare da filayen filament, wanda yayi kama da daidaitattun kwararan fitila, kawai dogon LED zai dauki wuri na jikin. Masarar Masara samu sunansa daga siffar cylindrical da surface, wanda aka rufe tare da SMD-LEDs. Wannan zane na hasken haske yana ba da dama don rarraba hasken haske da babban ikon fitilar kanta. Lamba "masara" A lokacin da zaɓin rabon hasken wutar lantarki, yana da muhimmanci muyi la'akari da irin tushe (hakika, idan ba mu magana game da tef) ba.

An raba su cikin nau'o'i masu biyowa:

  1. Standard (ƙaddamar da harafin "E" kuma ya nuna nau'i na juyawa). Lambobi kusa da wasika - diamita na ƙofar, wadda a baya za a iya amfani dashi don hawa kwararan fitila. A gida, E27 ko E14 ɗakunan ajiya sun fi kowa, kuma ana samun manyan diameters a titi (E40).
  2. Разъём GU10 представлен двумя штырьками с небольшими утолщениями на концах (G - штырьковый, U - утолщение концов, 10 - пространство между штырьками). Общая конструкция напоминает строение стартера, использующегося в старых газоразрядных световых источниках. Lambobin da irin wannan ginshiki suna nuna dutsen hawa ne kuma ana amfani da shi a matsayin fitila mai rufi tare da mai nunawa.
  3. Don maye gurbin halogen components, G4, G9, GU5.3, GU10, GX 53 asusu ne aka yi amfani da su Kamar yadda a cikin sifofin da suka gabata, lambar ita ce sanyawa tsakanin nisa tsakanin matakan gyara.
  4. A matsayin maye gurbin fitilu na zafin jiki na lantarki a cikin abubuwan bincike, ana iya amfani da madaidaicin R7s na tushen, kuma don maye gurbin abubuwa masu tsabta, masu mahimmanci za a yi alama a matsayin G23.
  5. G13 da G5 za su maye gurbin takwarorinsu masu tasowa da jiki T8 da T5.

Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da za a shirya sararin samaniya, tsarin GX 53 zai zama daidai, tun da fitilu da irin wannan haɗin suna da kyau ga ƙwaƙwalwa da fitilu a kan kayan abinci ko rufi.

Yawan LED

Sabbin hanyoyi na zamani na LED don tsire-tsire suna da launi daban-daban (ja zuwa blue). Wannan shine 10: 3, da 15: 5, da 5: 1. Mafi kyau mafi kyau a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ana dauke da ƙarshen, wanda akwai 1 blue don 5 ja LED kwararan fitila. Gaskiya, irin wannan bayani za'a iya kira mafi kyau duka idan seedlings suna kan windowsill kuma suna karɓar karin haske daga titi. Amma ga yawan adadin LED, wannan darajar za ta dogara ne a kan yanki na shuka a cikin tukwane da kuma tabarau. A kan 1 square. m ne yawanci isa 30-50 W na LED ikon, wato, 30-50 guda na LEDs of 1 W kowane. Duk da haka, waɗannan dabi'un za su kasance masu inganci kawai idan yazo ga ƙarin haske na seedlings a kan taga sill, in ba haka ba za a ƙara yawan adadin diodes.

Ƙara koyo game da zaɓar matakan jingin abin da yake daidai da kuma amfanin amfani da cassettes, peat tablets da takardu.

Ikon

Haske na radiation ta dogara ne kawai da alamun wutar lantarki na fitilun LED. Saboda haka, abubuwa masu haske na 2-3 W zasu iya samar da hawan haske na 250 lm, 4-5 W - 400 Lm, da 8-10 W - 700 Lm. Duk da haka, waɗannan alamun basu isa ga yawancin albarkatun gona ba, don haka muna bada shawara akan mayar da hankali ga ikon 25-30 W, wanda ya ba ka damar samun lita 2500. Idan ya cancanta, zaka iya shigar da dama irin fitilu.

Glow bakan

Ka yi la'akari da sakamakon daban-daban na haskoki a kan al'ada:

  • Red (720-600 nm tsawo) da rassan orange (620-595 nm) su ne tushen tushen makamashi don cin nasara photosynthesis, kuma yana kan su cewa sauyin canji na dukkan matakai a cikin tsari ya dogara. Wani matsanancin adadin irin wannan radiation zai ragu da miƙa mulki na shuka zuwa zamani flowering;
  • rawanuka blue da ratsi (490-380 nm) suna da alhakin samar da sunadarai a cikin al'adu da kuma inganta flowering;
  • rawan ultraviolet (315-380 nm) rage rabon "tsirrai" shuke-shuke da kuma taimakawa ga bunkasa kwayoyin kowannensu, yayin da haskoki masu kama da zangon 280-315 nm sun kara haɓakar sanyi;
  • rawaya (595-565 nm) da kuma kore (565-490 nm) radiation basu da tasiri a kan muhimmancin ayyukan tsire-tsire kuma basu da amfani mai ma'ana.
Binciken dukan waɗannan siffofin yana da muhimmanci don zaɓin haske na ainihi. Glow na al'ada LED abubuwa kamar yadda kusa da yiwu ga halitta lighting da kuma sadu da dukan bukatun seedlings, amma idan kana so ka iya saya da ake kira "multispectrum" fitilu. A cewar masana'antun, waɗannan 'yan jarida sun tsara musamman don ci gaba da bunƙasa seedlings kuma suna tallafawa su fiye da hasken haske.

Shin yana da ma'ana ga overpay lokacin da sayen irin wannan fitilar - yana da wuya a amsa, domin ko da tare da talakawa LEDs, seedlings girma da kyau. Abinda kawai bai kamata ka manta shi ne kasancewa a cikin radiation na blue da ja launi bakan, kazalika da matsayi mafi kyau na abubuwa masu haske.

Yana da muhimmanci! Haske mai yawa ya haifar da lalacewa na chlorophyll, kuma, sakamakon haka, rawaya takarda. Idan ba ku pritenit seedlings na iya haifar da konewa.

Degree na kariya

Dukkanin irin abubuwan da ke da haske na LED suna samarwa don dalilai daban-daban, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa kowane ɗayansu yana iya samun murfin kansa a kan harsashi. Sakamakon kariya ya sa ya yiwu don ƙayyade ko za'a iya shigar da fitilar a waje, a cikin ɗakin ƙura ko damp, ko a cikin wani tafkin.

Yawancin lokaci wannan mai nuna alama alama ce ta masu sana'a akan kunshin tare da LED kuma sun ƙunshi lambobi biyu: na farko ya nuna ajiyar kariya daga turɓaya da lalacewar injinika, kuma na biyu ya nuna matakin kariya daga danshi. Ƙarin cikakkun lambobin don fitilun fitilu an ba su a teburin:

Jerin farashin da masu sana'a

Amfani da fitilun fitilu da kuma irin aikin da ake da shi na tsawon lokaci ya dogara ne da kyakkyawar bangaskiyar mai sayarwa, sabili da haka, lokacin da zaɓin wani ɓangaren haske, yana da daraja ku kula da wannan alamar. Ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni masu ƙwarewa da ƙwararrun lokaci sune Optogan, Optocouplers, Artleds daga Rasha, da Agilent Technologies, masana'antun masana'antun duniya waɗanda ke samar da fitilun da aka bayyana a tsawon shekaru.

Kamfanin Optek Technology, Edison, Philips Lumileds, Toshiba, wanda ke bayar da hasken haske daga cikin sababbin daidaito ga mai siye, ana daukar su su ne masu sayarwa na samfurori na LED.

Amma farashin, duk ya dogara da nau'in samfurin (fitila, fitila ko kintinkiri) da halaye na ikonsa: zaka iya ciyarwa kamar kuɗin daloli, da kuma dubban dozin.

Rashin hasken yana da mummunar tasiri a cikin furanni na ciki: siffar su da saurin bunkasa, sassan jikin sun gurɓata. A wannan yanayin, kana buƙatar kula da ƙarin haske.

Haskewa ga seedlings: lissafin yawan fitilu

Zaɓin fitila mai kyau LED ba ya bada garantin sakamakon da ake so, kamar yadda fitilar ba ta iya jurewa da tsire-tsire masu yawa. Idan kana da kwalaye da yawa, ya fi kyau kafin lissafin lambar da ake buƙata na abubuwa masu haske, la'akari bin abubuwan:

  • da irin amfanin gona da kuma bukatar haske (yawanci adadin 6000 lux ne);
  • da kusurwar shigarwa na fitilar (bari izini biyu a tsaye da tsaye);
  • nisa daga fitilar zuwa saman sapling;
  • yankin da kake son haske.

Mun ba da misali na daidai lissafi akan tumatir. Don high light quality na seedlings da suke a tukunya na 0.6 square mita. Ina buƙatar 5000 lux, saboda haka ninka wannan darajar da wurin da aka samo na plantations (0.6 sq m m) kuma muna samun 3000 lm - darajar mafi kyawun hasken haske don wani akwati. Fitilar kanta za a iya sanya shi a fili, a nisa na 15-20 cm daga dasa ginin.

Yana da muhimmanci! Wasu nau'i na jigon haske zasu iya shawo kan ganuwar da abubuwa da aka sanya a cikin dakin, musamman ma idan hasken haske ya kasance daga tsire-tsire. Don ramawa ga wadannan asarar, yana da kyawawa don sayen fitila 10-30% mafi iko.

Yadda za a gyara fitilar: nesa daga fitilar zuwa seedlings

An riga an sayar da fitilun zamani tare da shirye mounts, kuma kawai dole ka sanya su tare da sutura zuwa goyon baya. Idan za ta yiwu, za a ba da fifiko ga waɗannan nau'in da zasu ba da damar ƙudirin fitilar da za a gyara saboda sakonnin da aka ba su, domin tare da girma da tsire-tsire zai iya zama dole don canza matsayi na hasken wutar lantarki.

A matsakaici, akalla 25 cm na sarari kyauta ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga tashar lantarki ta LED ga shuke-shuke. A lokacin da doshedivanii plantings fitila fitilu tare da damar 300-400 watts da 1 square. m, haske mai dacewa za a ba shi ne kawai lokacin da fitilar ta kasance a nesa na 20-30 cm. Idan seedlings suna nesa da taga kuma hasken halitta bazai shiga cikin shi ba, to amma ba zata sake haske ba, amma cikakken ɗaukar hoto. A wannan yanayin, fitilar za ta rataye a tsawon 60-70 cm, amma ainihin sashi na "hasken" zai dogara ne akan al'adu mai haske. Yankin "hasken" kimanin kimanin kimanin diamita da tsawo na fitilar fitarwa kamar wannan:

HawanA diamita na da'irar haske fitolampa 15 WA diamita na da'irar haske fitolampa 36 W
50 cm20 cm40 cm
70 cm30 cm50 cm
100 cm40 cm70 cm
120 cm45 cm80 cm
150 cm50 cm90 cm
200 cm60 cm100 cm

Karanta kuma game da samar da haske mai sauƙi don seedlings a gida.

Dokokin don haskakawa: yadda ba za a cutar da tsire-tsire ba

An overabundance haske ne wanda ba a ke so ga seedlings, da kuma rashin, sabili da haka, a lõkacin da lighting sama your seedlings shi ne daraja adhering zuwa wasu dokoki:

  1. Yana da kyau a shuka shuka a watan Maris ko Afrilu, lokacin da hasken hasken rana (babu fitila zai iya maye gurbin rana).
  2. Tare da tsakar rana ta tsawon sa'o'i 12 (hasken yakan sauko da tsire-tsire), ba za a iya fitilun fitilu ba, kuma don ƙara haske, kawai shigar da fuska masu haske (alal misali, tsare, madubi ko takarda takarda) kusa da kwalaye.
  3. Idan har yanzu ana yin hasken wuta, dole ne a la'akari da canji na photoperiods: rana da rana. Ya kamata a yi amfani da tsire-tsire ga tsarin mulki, domin wasa tare da haske yana da mummunan tasiri a kan ci gaban su.
  4. Kowane irin shuka ya kamata ya kasance da yanayin ƙarin haske da tsawon lokacin photoperiod: misali, kusan kowane kayan lambu yana buƙatar wani adadin hasken rana, wasu furanni sun fi son penumbra.
  5. Musamman ma dacewa za ta haskaka a kan hadari rana ko kuma lokacin da za a ajiye kwalaye a gefen arewacin wani ɗaki ko gidan.

Adhering zuwa waɗannan ka'idoji masu sauki da kuma lura da bukatun da za a zaɓa da kuma sanya wuri na haske na wucin gadi, ko da wani lambu mai ƙyama zai iya shuka shuke-shuke mai karfi da kuma mai dorewa, wanda, lokacin da aka dasa shi zuwa gado, zaiyi sauri zuwa sababbin yanayi. Tsarin seedlings yana da sauki, kuma tare da fitilun fitilu zai kasance ma sauƙi.