Maganar "launi da albasa" ba wai kawai sananne ne kawai ba, amma, rashin alheri, sanarwa na bakin ciki.
Ga mafi kyaun tushen kayan abinci da kuma warkarwa na cututtuka na mutane, albasa, shi dai itace, shi ne kanta yiwuwa ga cututtuka da kuma invasions na kwari.
Kuma a cikin wannan albasa dutse kawai mutum zai iya taimakawa kayan abinci mafi yawan. Gaskiya ne, mutumin nan har yanzu yana da nisa daga nasara ta gaba akan albasa na masifa.
Cututtuka na al'ada
Game da kimanin hamsin kowane irin kwayoyin halitta, fungi da kwari da ke cikin kwari suna fuskantar baka. Kuma masoyan wannan rukuni sune yankuna, yumbu da ƙasa mai laushi, kazalika da ƙasa mai tsarri da takin mai magani da ma'adinai na nitrogen. Sun zama masu tsaron gida da kuma tushen cututtukan albasa.
Wani mai rabawa mai tsanani na cututtuka wanda wannan kayan yaji ya faru yana haifar da kwararan fitila da aka dasa a ƙasa.
Daga cikin cututtuka masu yawa da kayan lambu masu mahimmanci suke da rashin lafiya tare da, microorganisms da fungi sun tabbatar da cewa sun kasance mafi banƙyama a cikin hanyar:
- downy mildew, ko perinospora;
- wuyan wuyansa;
- black mold rot;
- koren mold rot;
- na kwayan cuta;
- Fusarium;
- gurbin fata;
- albasa albasa.
Koyi yadda za a gudanar da maganin farawa, yadda za a shuka albasa don hunturu da kuma bazara, yadda za a shuka daga tsaba, yadda za a ruwa, yadda za'a ciyar, dalilin da yasa albasa ya juya launin rawaya, abin da za a yi da kibiyoyi, lokacin da za a cire albasa daga gadaje, yadda za'a shirya don hunturu, yadda za a adana.
Downy mildew
Wannan harin, wanda ake kira peronospora, an lasafta shi ne mafi yawan cututtukan albasa da cutar ta hanyar naman gwari, da aka rubuta a Ingila a tsakiyar karni na XIX. Naman gwari yana cin kowane albasa, da kuma ƙoƙari na masu shayarwa don samo kayan lambu da dama wanda ba zai iya cutar da cutar ba har sai sun ci nasara.
Rashin kamuwa da cuta ya fara yada daga shuke-shuke da naman gishiri ya shafa. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa a cikin wata daya da rabi ko wata biyu, daya daga cikin kwayoyin cututtuka na iya yada cutar ta cikin radiyar kilomita biyu.
Amma ba kawai albarkatun da ke girma ba ne kawai suke haifar da naman gwari. Rashin haɗuwa saboda shi a cikin kayan ajiyar kayan lambu sun kai 60% na dukkan kwararan fitila a can.
A cikin gadaje, peronosporosis tasowa sosai da sauri kuma a cikin makonni biyu yana iya buga dukkanin tsire-tsire. 
A halin yanzu, cutar ta farko tana kama da launi na launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, wanda yayi girma da sauri kuma ya juya zuwa launin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa, bayan wadanne wurare tare da tabawa sun fara necrosis kuma zasu fara mutuwa.
A cikin yaki da wannan cuta ita ce mafi mahimman tsari. Kuma na farko a kan gonaki, wajibi ne a canza wasu kayan lambu, da kauce wa sake dasa albasa a wuri guda.
Yana da mahimmanci wajen kusanci zabin albarkatun albasa, da nakasarta, da kuma tsabtace fararen gadaje.
Don ƙarfafa juriya na albasa zuwa hare-hare na naman gwari, yana da amfani a cikin idon ruwa tare da farkon ciyayi na kayan lambu don yin takin mai magani, kuma bayan makonni biyu - phosphate da potash kari.
Shin kuna sani? Albasa dauke da sukari fiye da fiyayyen pears da apples. Abubuwan da ke cikin kayan lambu shine kashi 6 cikin 100 na yawan yawan albasa.
Wuyan kunguwa
Wannan mafi haɗari, musamman ma a lokacin ajiya, ana kiran cututtukan albarkatun launin toka, wanda ya nuna launi na nau'in kayan lambu mai ciwo tsakanin ma'aunin. Kwayar cuta yakan fara ne bayan tattara kwararan fitila, amma zai iya faruwa a gonar.
Babban yanayin da aka rarraba - duk wani irin lalacewa a wuyansa na kwan fitila, wato, a wurin da kwan fitila ta juya cikin ganye. Ta hanyar wannan lalacewa, naman gwari yana shiga cikin albasa albasa kuma yana shafar shi.
Ba zai yiwu a magance wannan cuta ba, don haka masu shuka masu kayan lambu suyi kokari don hana cutar. Don yin wannan, girbi albasa da albasa ya bushe sosai. Bugu da ƙari, an shirya cututtukan albasa, kuma an gada gadaje da ake bukata don albasa.
Albasa suna cike da nau'in nau'in nau'I - India, shallot, sevok, ornamental, leek, batun, chives, albasa, slyzun, exibichen, dzhusay, red, multi-tiered, perennial - kuma kowanne daga cikinsu na iya amfana da jikin mutum.
Black mold rot
An kai hari da kayan ƙera baƙar fata, wanda ake kira albasa aspergillosis, an aje shi a lokacin ajiya, lokacin da babu iska mai kyau da kuma yawan zafin jiki. A sakamakon haka, kwararan fitila ya zama taushi, kuma Sikeli, akasin haka, ya bushe. Bayan lokaci, baƙar fata yana bayyana tsakanin ma'auni.
Ana ɗauke da kamuwa da iska ko kuma daga kwayar ta bulbu zuwa bulb a kan lamba. Da farko, ƙwayar fata ba zai iya rinjayar kwararan fitila ba, har ma da aka bushe ba tare da talauci ba ko kuma yana da wuyan ɗauri.
A matsayin rigakafin rigakafi, ana bada shawara a bushe kayan lambu da kyau, adana shi a cikin ɗakuna mai sanyi kuma tattara albasarta kawai.
Green mold rot
Wannan nau'in mold rot, wanda ake kira penicillosis, kuma ya kai ga cutar kayan lambu da yawa a lokacin ajiyarta. Alamun farko na farawar cutar shine ruwa mai launin launin ruwan kasa a kasa na kwararan fitila ko a kan Sikakinsu na waje. Bayan wani ɗan lokaci, sabanin albasa za su fara fitar da ƙanshin musa, kuma a karkashin ma'aunin sutura, za a fara lura da launi.
An ci gaba da ci gaba da wannan cuta saboda tsananin zafi a cikin ɗakin ajiyar kayan lambu, wanda ya faru a yayin daskarewa da kayan lambu, da kuma duk wani nau'i na injuna.
Don kauce wa yaduwar wannan cuta, dole ne a bushe kayan lambu sosai, kuma kwanaki biyar kafin a adana shi, wutar lantarki mai ƙanshin hayaki mai ƙonewa za ta shafe shi. 
Shin kuna sani? A musayar tumatir, dankali da sunflower da aka shigo daga Amurka, Turai ta biya sabuwar duniya tare da albasa da aka kawo cikin shi. An yi imanin cewa musayar ya zama daidai.
Kwayoyin cuta
Irin wannan cuta ta nuna kanta idan an yanke kwan fitila. Sa'an nan kuma an gani a fili a cikin Sikakken lafiya mai yawa da yadudduka mai duhu. Kuma tsawon lokacin da ake adana kayan lambu, yawancin waɗannan kalmomin sun bayyana, ƙarshe yana haifar da ƙazantar da ita.
Kuma kwari suna dauke da wannan kamuwa da cuta a cikin wani nau'i na albasa, ticks da sauran kwari.
Don kare kanka daga wannan, ya kamata ka kwashe albarkatun albasa da tafasa albasa ta amfani da "Khom", wanda kana buƙatar kwashe 40 g na shirye-shiryen a cikin guga na ruwa kuma ku bi da gadaje a lita 1 na bayani ga kowace mita mita 10. 
Fusarium
Wannan cututtuka na dabba ta shafi kayan lambu dukansu a kan shuka da kuma ajiya. Yana nuna kanta lokacin girma kakar na shuka a withering da lalata na kore harbe, kuma a lokacin ajiya - a pinking da softening na kasa tare da bayyanar rot.
Koyi yadda zaka gano da kuma magance fusarium na strawberries, cucumbers, tumatir.Don hana wannan cututtukan, dole ne ku bi ka'idodin gyaran gona, amfani da kayan aikin lafiya kawai, kuyi amfani da jan karfe sulphate kafin dasa shuki, da sauri cire rigar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ko yada su tare da "Khom" a farkon bayyanar spots brownish a kan ganye.
Albasa tsatsa
Wannan kuma cuta ce, amma rinjayar kawai ganye. Sun fara fitowa da rawaya mai launin rawaya-rawaya, wanda ya zama baƙar fata. Bar mutuwa a ƙarshe.
Koyi yadda za a ajiye shuke-shuke daga tsatsa.Bugu da ƙari ga juyawa na juyawa, ana bada shawara don dumi albasa da aka shirya a zafin jiki na 40 ° C kafin dasa shuki na rabin yini a zafin jiki na 40 ° C.
Yana da amfani a lokacin kara yawan ciyayi na shuka don fesa shi tare da wani kashi-dari bayani na Bordeaux cakuda.
Yi la'akari da ka'idodin juyayi.
Jarabawa
Babu kasa da microorganisms da fungi, yawan kwari da yawa a cikin kwari suna haifar da lalacewa ga albasa albasa. Ba wai kawai suna yada kamuwa da cuta ba a cikin irin wadannan fungi, suna kuma haifar da babban matsala ga masana'antun kayan lambu.
Daga cikin mafi hatsari daga cikin wadannan kwari yawanci ake kira albasa kwari, shallot aphids da taba thrips.
Albasa mai tashi
Kamar yadda sunan yana nuna, wannan farfadowa ta ƙware ne a cikin kayan lambu. Sutsi na wannan tashi, wanda ya fara da zafi, fara fara kaiwa kwararan fitila daga ƙasa, haɗari ne ga kayan lambu. Kusan ba zai yiwu a lura da farkon wannan farmaki ba, amma sakamakonsa ya fito fili ne: ganye suna bushewa.
Don rigakafi da kawar da wannan annoba a cikin mutane sunyi amfani da kayan aikin da aka tabbatar da su ta hanyar ruwa tare da ruwa mai gishiri, ruwa tare da potassium ko kuma amfani da ƙurar taba. 
Shallot Aphid
Babban abinda ake kaiwa wannan kwaro shine albasa albasa. Wannan aphid ne musamman a sauƙi a cikin greenhouses, kuma ta samu da sunan da sunan shallot albasa, abin da ya ciyar da wani buri.
Shallot aphid yana da yawa a karkashin ƙananan bawo da kuma kananan yara. Ana iya tabbatar da kasancewar wannan kwaro ta hanyar curvature da wilting daga cikin ganyayyaki, kazalika da tazarar ragowar shuka a cikin girma.
Babban nau'in rigakafi na harin wannan aphid a kan kayan lambu sun hada da noma kafin dasa shuki a cikin ruwan zafi.
Kara thrips
Wannan kwaro yana son kwararan fitila mafi yawa, amma bai jinkirta barin kayan lambu ba. A cikin hunturu, yana ɓoyewa a ma'aunin busassun albasa a cikin ajiya da kayan ganimar da aka gabatar, da na ciki na albasa albasa. Ƙwayoyin da aka shafa sun zama masu launi da launi, da kuma sun bushe.
Yana da wuya a yi yãƙi, don ba wai yana nufin rinjayar shi ba. Mafi mahimmanci sun tabbatar da kwayoyi "VDG" da "Aktar". 
Rigakafin
Yawancin cututtukan cututtuka ba za a warke ba, sabili da haka, m matakan da suka hana cututtuka sun zo gabanin kayan lambu. Kuma na farko daga cikinsu shi ne tsaida juyawa mai kyau.
Yana da muhimmanci! An bada shawarar shuka albasa a wuri ɗaya ba a baya ba a cikin shekaru hudu.Tumatir da kabeji an dauke su da mafi albarkatun albasa, kuma yana da amfani a madadin gadaje da aka dasa tare da su ta wurin gadaje da karas.
Da farko, ruwa Bordeaux, watau, wani bayani na blue vitriol a madara mai lemun tsami, an dauke shi mafi mahimmanci sinadaran wajen kare kayan lambu daga cututtuka da kwari. Har yanzu ana amfani da wannan furotin din da mazaunan zafi suke amfani da su, amma a cikin manyan gonaki Bordeaux an maye gurbin maye gurbin da masu dauke da zinc masu dauke da zinc, wadanda suke da alaka da juna kuma suna buƙatar yawancin amfani da su.
Sa'an nan kuma magunguna a cikin tsari na Ordan, Revus, Quadris, Alirina-B, Bravo, da Sauyawa, waɗanda aka kiyaye su da kyau daga farkon launin launin toka da kuma powdery mildew, ana amfani dasu.
Kuma daga haɗuwa da albasa da kwari suna kare kudi "flyer", wanda aka yi ta 5 g da mita mita, da kuma Zemlin, wanda ya sa 3 g ta mita mita na gado, da kuma amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Tabazol" ta spraying 3 g da square mita
Yana da muhimmanci! Albasa masu girma a kan gashin gashin basa yarda suyi dasu tare da magungunan kashe qwari.Wadanda mutanen da aka tabbatar da su, irin su taba, alal misali, basu rasa ikon hana su ba har yanzu suna amfani da su. A cikin yakin da ake yi da haɗari mai guba, broth taba yana taimakawa sosai, wanda aka shirya kamar haka:
- A cikin lita 10 na ruwa kana buƙatar zuba 400 g na taba.
- Cakuda na dagewa kwana biyu.
- Sa'an nan kuma tafasa shi har tsawon sa'o'i biyu.
- Bayan haka, dole ne a tsabtace warware matsalar sannan a rage shi da lita goma na ruwa.
- A cikin broth kana buƙatar ƙara game da 100 ml na ruwan sanyi sabulu.
- Ana dasa kayan shuka tare da decoction kowane mako biyu, maimaita hanya sau uku ko sau hudu.
Ra'ayoyin cututtuka na albasarta da hanyoyin da ake rubutu da su
Gaskiya ne, Ban taba iya samun babban gadaje ba, ko da yake yin amfani da su yana da kyau sosai. A kan waɗannan gadaje, kuyi lita 10 lita / 1 - 1 lokaci a kowace mako kuma albasa ba sa yin rigar, kuma ana cike da danshi, kuma ƙasa ta warke sosai, wato. žananan yanayi don ci gaba da cutar. A saboda wannan dalili, yawancin shinge yana yawanci ana gudanar da ita sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu zuwa zurfin 3 cm.
Very kyau shawara - mulching albasa da 2-3 gashinsa. A kan ridges ko a'a, duk da haka, mulching taimaka mai yawa don adana ruwan danshi da kuma hana weeds daga girma, tare da mai kyau Layer hay ko ciyawa. Amma kuma kana bukatar ka dubi yanayin. Idan rani ya yi ruwan sama, to, a akasin wannan, wannan fasaha ba a buƙata ba. Kuma a wani wuri a tsakiyar Yuli, ya kamata a cire 'yan albasa masu girma daga ƙasa, to lallai ne don ripening da girma daga kawunansu, dole ne su "duba" 1/3 -1/2 daga ƙasa. Kuma a tsakiyar watan Agusta, lokacin da gashin tsuntsaye ba'a kafa kuma suna kwance, zaka iya fara tsaftace albasarta.
Don haka, abin da suka rubuta:
Gwanin gashin tsuntsaye na iya juya launin rawaya saboda rashin watering a yanayin zafi. Idan komai abu ne na al'ada tare da ruwan sha da ruwan sama, to akwai dalilai 2: rashin abinci ko albasa. Dalilin farko shine za'a iya kawar da shi ta hanyar ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da ƙwayar hadaddun ƙwayar. Muni, albasa da tafarnuwa suna cutar da albasa. Bincika ta hanyar fitar da fitila da fuka-fukin launin fata ko ta yin digiri a ƙasa kusa da shi, ga ƙananan tsutsotsi. Idan akwai, to, albasa ya tashi.
Zaɓuɓɓuka don kubutawa sun kasance kamar haka. Yi watsi da gilashin gishiri a cikin guga mai ruwa mai lita 10, ƙara potassium da launi mai launin ruwan hoda, da kuma yin tsagi tsakanin layuka da albasarta, tafarnuwa, da kuma zuba a ƙasa. Idan wannan bai taimaka ba, zakuɗa 2 tablespoons na ammoniya ruwa a cikin guga na ruwa da, ta amfani da wannan fasaha, noma ƙasar kewaye da tsire-tsire. Idan ba'a gamsu da ɗaya ko ɗaya, to, yi amfani da urea.
Ni kaina na riga na gwada kerosene da ruwa ammoniya, babu abin taimaka. Yana da tabbas da latti ... An wajaba a aiwatar da duk abin da a farkon farkon bazara.
