Kowace yanki yana da yanayinta na musamman don saurin kayan lambu. Ba haka ba da dadewa, babu kusan yiwuwar tunanin girma a cikin Urals wani barkono na Bulgarian thermophilic. Amma tare da ci gaba da fasahar noma da iri iri, wannan ya zama gaskiya. Duk da haka, don samun girbi mai kyau na barkono, dole ne a fara shirya don dasa shuki tun lokacin hunturu. A cikin wannan labarin za mu fahimci halaye iri-iri na wannan amfanin gona da ka'idojin gonarta a cikin Urals.
Resistant iri dake barkono don sauyin yanayi na Urals
Zabi nau'in barkono da dama don yankin Ural, yana da kyau a ba da fifiko ga farkon da iri-iri iri tare da girma kakar 90-130 days.
Masana aikin gona sun bada shawarar irin wadannan nau'ikan da suka dace:
- "Kolobok" - an rarrabe ta da kananan bushes da barkono tare da nauyin nauyin kilo 85 g, yana tsiro da kyau a cikin yanayi na greenhouse da kuma a bude ƙasa;
- "Topolyn" - tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da 'ya'yan itace tare da manyan barkono masu launin 120-gram tare da dandano mai dadi, ana shuka tsire-tsire a kan trellis;
- "Tsohuwar Siberiya" - tsakiyar kakar iri-iri tare da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire har zuwa 50 cm, nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyi 50 g, launi canza daga rawaya zuwa ja;
- "Siberian" - tsakiyar kakar iri-iri, daji har zuwa 50 cm, manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da nauyi na 120 g, mai kyau domin girma a greenhouses, ko da ba tare da dumama;
- "Montero" - tsinkayyen wuri, tsawo na daji yana da kimanin mita daya, mai launin ruwan ja mai haske a kan nauyin kilo 65, a cikin Urals an girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse;
- "Pioneer" - kimanin kwanaki 120 ana buƙata don cikakkiyar balaga, yawan nauyin 'ya'yan itace 60 g;
- "Winnie da Pooh" - iri-iri iri-iri, tsire-tsire-tsire suna da kimanin kwanaki 120, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun yi daidai a lokaci guda, wanda ya dace lokacin girbi;
- "Bogatyr" - iri-iri iri-iri, daya daga cikin mafi yawan wanda ya dace da yankin, nauyin 'ya'yan itace kimanin 150 g, yana tsiro a cikin yanayi na greenhouse da ƙasa;
- "Bull" - tsakiyar kakar iri-iri, ƙananan launin rawaya da ja a kan matsakaicin girma zuwa 200 g. Ga yanayin Ural wannan nau'in ya fi kyau.
Shin kuna sani? Da farko an ambaci barkono a cikin sharuɗɗan Indiya da aka rubuta fiye da shekaru 3000 da suka gabata. A zamanin d ¯ a, shi ya zama kyauta daga mutanen da suka ci nasara. Don haka, don dakatar da hare-haren da aka yi a Roma, Romawa na dā sun biya biyan mai mulkin Hun Attila da Alassigot Alaric na karin ton.
Yadda za a inganta ingancin seedlings a gida
Pepper shi ne al'adar thermophilic sosai kuma yana tsiro ne daga tsaba a fili a yankunan kudancin. Kuma domin yayi girma seedlings, wanda daga baya zai kawo mai arziki girbi, shi wajibi ne don yadda ya kamata gudanar da dukan agrotechnical matakan - shuka tsaba da kula da seedlings.
Lokaci na dasa shuki
Dangane da yanayi na duniya na Urals, ana shuka tsaba da aka shuka a cikin zamani daga tsakiyar zuwa ashirin na Fabrairu. Sa'an nan kuma zasu sami lokaci su yi girma da kyau kuma su sami ƙarfin da ya dace su sauka a ƙasa.
Ƙasa Mix
Don shuka tsaba, ya kamata ka saya kasan ƙasa don seedlings na barkono a cikin shagon kantin na musamman. Duk da haka, ana saya sayan ƙasa a wasu lokuta maɗaukaki tare da takin mai magani, wanda ke haifar da "ƙonawa" na seedlings. Saboda haka, domin kada ku damu da ingancin ƙasa, za ku iya shirya shi da kanku.
Koyi yadda za a shirya ƙasa don seedlings, ko shuka seedlings a cikin cassettes, yadda za a yi hasken baya, yadda za a ajiye sararin samaniya lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, yadda za a yi girma seedlings tare da takardar bayan gida, yadda za a shinge seedlings.
Don yin wannan, haɗuwa a daidai adadin yashi, turf ƙasa, peat da humus. Ko a'a, turf ƙasa, kogin yashi da peat a daidai wannan nauyin kuma zub da ruwan da aka samo da lita goma na ruwa tare da 30 g na superphosphate, 30 g na potassium sulfate da 10 g na urea.Kada ku gurɓata kasuwa da aka saya, amma ya fi dacewa ku bi da ƙasa mai tsabta da kanku da potassium mai daɗin bayani (potassium permanganate) kuma a kara da cewa ƙara duk wani wakili maras amfani. Irin wannan cututtuka yana dauke da mafi sauki kuma a lokaci guda mafi tasiri. A cikin lita guda na ruwan zafi ya kamata a narkar da teaspoon daya na potassium permanganate, zuba wannan bayani akan kasa kuma ya bar ta bushe.
Tanki mai girma
Don girma seedlings za ka iya amfani da kowane damar, ciki har da peat allunan. Hanyar mafi sauki da kuma mafi arha shi ne akwatin katako, an ɗaure daga ciki tare da filastik filastik kuma an sanya shi zuwa girman girman sill.
Duk da haka, don kauce wa ruwa mai zurfi, wanda ke da mummunan rinjayar tushen tsarin tsire-tsire, masana da yawa sun bada shawarar dasa shuki a cikin kofuna dabam.
Koyar dalla-dalla yadda za a shuka tsaba, lokacin da shuka don seedlings, yadda za a ciyar da seedlings, yadda za a kauce wa kayan lambu, yadda za a shuka a cikin ƙasa, yadda za a samar da bushes, yadda za a shayar da barkono, yadda za'a hana cututtuka na barkono.
Peat allunan suna da kyau hanya da tasiri hanyar shuka seedlings, amma sun kasance, na farko, quite tsada. Kuma abu na biyu, wajibi ne a kula da zafi a cikin su, saboda ba tare da samun ruwa ba, sauƙi yana iya ɓace a cikin dindindin lokacin farin ciki, kuma idan yana da kima, mold yana da sauri.A hanyar, kafin dasa shuki, duk waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a baya sun kamata a bi da su tare da maganin disinfecting don kada su dauki cututtuka ko kwari daga shuke-shuke da suka gabata.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ana ci barkono mai zafi da zafi a lokaci guda, to lallai ya wajaba su dasa su a wurare daban-daban, da kuma a bude ƙasa - a iyakar nesa daga juna. Tun da zafi barkono iya ƙura da mai dadi, dalilin da ya sa dandano na barkono barkono da muhimmanci rage.
Tsarin shirye
Kafin yin shuka da barkono, ya kamata ka yi hankali ka cire duk abin da ke ciki. Bayan haka, kana buƙatar bincika iri don germination, saboda haka kuyi shi a cikin ruwa a zafin jiki a cikin ɗaki ko a cikin wani gishiri mai gishiri. A sakamakon haka, 'ya'yan itace masu kyau za su zauna a kasa, kuma maras amfani za su yi iyo a farfajiya. A halin yanzu, kawai tsaba a kasa suna ƙarƙashin dasa. 
Ƙara koyo game da ƙaddamar da iri.Don motsa su su yi girma, zuba ruwa mai dumi na kimanin minti 20 sa'an nan kuma aika su zuwa firiji ko murfin sanyi a rana daya. Bayan wannan hanya, ana bi da tsaba tare da ci gaba da bunkasa halitta "Epinom" ko "Zircon" bisa ga umarnin akan shirye-shirye.
Don kwantar da tsaba, zaka iya amfani da wadannan hanyoyin:
- zuba su da wani rauni bayani na itace ash;
- dumi tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi don kusan rabin sa'a (kimanin 55 ° C);
- don tsawon sa'o'i uku kuyi su cikin albasa albasa (dintsi na husks kowace lita na ruwa).
Shuka tsaba
Ana zuba ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin tanki, a kan abin da aka sa a fara tsagewa (1.5-2 cm). Lokacin amfani da akwati, ana shuka tsaba a nesa da 2 cm daga juna tare da jeri na jeri na 5 cm. Zurfin dasa shuki yana kusa da centimeters.
Lokacin da aka shuka a cikin kofuna dabam, ana sanya guda 2-3 a kowace. tsaba. Lokacin yin amfani da allunan peat, zuba ruwa da ake buƙata da ruwa, jira na kumburi, sannan zurfafa ramukan a cikin babba ta 1.5 cm kuma sa zuriyar a can. Cika rijiyoyin da cakuda na gina jiki, rufe murfin tare da murfi ko filastik. 
Koyi dalla-dalla game da halaye na barkono Ratunda, Spark, Gemini, Antey, Belozerka, Anastasia, Soloist, Golden mu'ujiza, Sauye, Kakadu, kunnen Cow, Mu'ujiza ta Orange.
Yanayi don germination
Bayan dasa shuki da tsaba ana shayar da ruwa da kuma rufe shi da fim ko gilashi. Don shuka shuka mai kyau, dasa tankuna dole ne a cikin wuri mai dumi da haske. An bada shawarar cewa zafin rana zazzabi + 23 ... +26 ° C, da kuma daren - ba a kasa +20 ° C.
Harbe na barkono sunyi kusan kamar kwanaki 5-7, bayan an shuka fim din ko an cire gilashin.
Tsarin kulawa
Don kwanakin farko zuwa biyar, seedlings na gaba ba su buƙatar watering, kamar yadda aka dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Da zuwan leaf na farko ka buƙatar ruwa kowace rana. Kuma a lõkacin da seedlings girma kadan, ya kamata a shayar da alheri tare da hutu na 4-5 days.
Dole ne mu manta da yadda ake ciyar da tsire-tsire, ana gudanar da shi a cikin matakai biyu: bayan na farko 2-4 ya fita bayan bayan bayyanar fiye da biyar a kowane tsire. Lokacin da ka fara ciyar da lita 5 na ruwa, ƙara 10 g na urea da potassium sulfate da kuma 30 g na superphosphate.
A matsakaici, tsire-tsire ɗaya yana cin 100 ml na abinci na ruwa. Mataki na biyu sau da yawa ya dace daidai da ɗauka kuma ya fāɗi a makon 2-3rd bayan ya fara ciyarwa. Ana amfani da wannan takin mai magani, amma a ninki biyu. 
Don kada su shirya takin mai magani a kan kansu, ana iya saya su a ɗakunan fasaha. Kada ka manta ka shayar da barkono bayan kowace ciyarwa kuma ka tabbata cewa taki baya fada a kan ganye. Kwayoyin da ke cikin peat tablets basu buƙatar wani ƙarin ciyarwa.
Tare da farkon ganye na gaskiya 4-5, ana tsintar da barkono da dasa a cikin tukwane. Wasu 'yan lambu sunyi imani cewa wannan mataki za a iya watsi da shi kuma ya nutse kafin dasa a wuri mai dorewa. A lokacin da ruwa yana da kyau a fitar da ƙasa tare da wasu harbe a lokaci daya kuma a hankali, don haka kada ya lalata tushen tsarin, don raba su da hannunka.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa tare da kula da seedlings:
- rashin haske ya kai ga matsanancin mikewa daga cikin seedlings;
- Ƙarar ruwa mai yawanci yana daya daga cikin maɗaurar raunuka na tushen tsarin;
- rashin danshi yana haifar da bushewa da kuma karkatar da ganye.
Shin kuna sani? Sweet barkono ya ƙunshi bitamin C (ascorbic acid) fiye da lemun tsami. Rabin rabin adadin barkono ya cika yawan abincinta na yau da kullum don jikin mutum. Duk da haka, a lokacin yin zafi, an hallaka bitamin C, don haka ya fi kyau amfani da waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Hardening seedlings
Kusan 10-14 days kafin disembarking, ya kamata ka quench da seedlings. Don abin da aka shirya a kan windowsill tare da taga buɗe ko gudanar da a kan glazed balcony.
Dole ne kawai don tabbatar da cewa seedlings ba su kasance a cikin wani daftarin ba, a karkashin hasken rana mai tsanani da kuma yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ba ƙananan digiri Celsius 15 ba. Wannan samfurin zai ba da damar shuke-shuke da za a yi amfani da shi a cikin iska mai kewaye da kuma tare da ƙasa da damuwa don gane da saukowa a ƙasa.
Dasa tsire-tsire a kan wuri na dindindin
Shekaru na transplanted seedlings yawanci kadan a kan watanni biyu. Lokacin mafi kyau don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa - farkon watan Yuni, lokacin da babu sanyi ga sanyi. Za'a iya dasa greenhouse kadan a baya - riga a tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Mafi shahararrun magabata ga barkono mai dadi suna da albarkatu mai dadi - dankali, tumatir da barkono mai zafi. Kuna, wake, Peas, albasa, karas, cucumbers da kabeji suna da kyau. Har ila yau yana da kyau idan ciyawa na ci gaba sun fara girma a kan mãkirci. 
A cikin greenhouse
Don dasa shuki seedlings a cikin wani greenhouse, ana amfani da ƙasa mai yashi mai yaduwanci da yawan zafin jiki ba fiye da +15 ° C ba. Dole ne a yi iska mai tsanani daga +20 ° C da sama.
Ana amfani da wannan shiri na dasa: layi mai layi biyu tare da nisa tsakanin 40 cm tare da nesa tsakanin tsire-tsire na 20-25 cm da zangon 80 cm.
A cikin reshe na farko, ana cire furanni, harbe biyu sun kasance, yayin da suka girma, an harbe mai karfi guda a kowace reshe, kuma an raunana wani rauni bayan da farko toho. Kimanin wata daya kafin ƙarshen kakar, an fi tsalle mafi tsayi.
A farkon girma, ana ciyar da ƙananan abinci tare da takin mai magani, kuma yayin da ake yin amfani da shi ya zama dole don amfani da kariyar dauke da phosphorus da potassium.
Dangane da yanayin hawan gine-ginen yankin da gaskiyar cewa lokuttan sanyi a wasu lokuta ya faru, ana ba da karin wuraren mafaka a cikin gine-gine. Zai yiwu su kasance akwatin da aka rufe da kayan rufe kayan. Ana iya amfani da su, misali, da dare, har sai yanayin ya ƙare. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Buga Bulgarian mai dadi yana da haske sosai da al'adun zafi, kar ka manta da yawancin abincinta na yau da kullum. Lokacin da aka girbe 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke tare da tushe, don haka sun fi kiyaye su.
A cikin bude ƙasa
Yanayin yanayin damuwa mai mahimmanci sun cika ta hanyar abun ciki na ƙasa, wanda yana da pH neutral kuma ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu yawa. Pepper ji da kyau a sako-sako da loamy kasa. Ka tuna cewa ba ya son yanayin muhalli, saboda haka zaka iya ƙara inganci ko dolomite gari don rage acidity. Wadannan suna da tasiri, kuma mafi mahimmanci, samfurori na asali da lafiya.
Kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata a shirya ƙasa ta hanyar tono shi tare da yashi daga lissafi - guga na yashi a kowace mita mita na ƙasa. Bulgarian barkono ya dace da wuri mai kyau ba tare da fasali ba. Tsarin makircin mafi kyau: tsakanin seedlings ya kamata a bar kusan rabin mita, tsakanin layuka 60-70 cm Saboda haka, lokacin da dasa shuki tsire-tsire iri a mita mita na gari ya kamata ya zama barkono 4-5, sa'annan kuma ya zama tsirrai - tsirrai shida. 
A karo na farko bayan dasa shuki a bude ƙasa, dole ne a kiyaye barkono ta rufe su da dare tare da agrotex ko kayan kayan shafa. Bayan ƙarfafa kariya ta bushes ba za a iya amfani dasu ba.
Adult bushes ya kamata a shayar da alheri kamar sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki goma. Sau uku zuwa sau biyar a kakar ya kamata a ciyar da takin mai magani da ke dauke da potassium da phosphorus.
Koyon yadda za a shuka apples, pears, tumatir, cucumbers, spirea, clematis, albasa kafa, astilba, gladioli a cikin Urals.A yankunan kudancin Bullarian barkono suna girma a ko'ina kuma ba tare da matsala ba. Amma ko da yake duk da sauyin yanayi na Ural, tare da dukkanin ka'idojin dasawa da kulawa, za ka iya samun girbi mai kyau na waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa da kuma' ya'yan itace masu farin ciki kuma ka yarda da kanka da iyalinka tare da kyakkyawan salatin bitamin daga barkono da ke da hannayenka.
Video: yadda za a yi girma barkono a arewacin yankunan
Kuma na biyu, idan kana da wani greenhouse HEATED DA YA YI HANTA, to, ba shi da wuri sosai
