Duk mutane, musamman ma mace, raunin furanni. Bayan haka, wannan yana daya daga cikin ayyukan mafi kyau na yanayi, wanda ba zai shuɗe da sababbin siffofin da tabarau a kowane lokaci ba. Kuma, ba shakka, wannan gaskiya ne ga sarauniyar dukan furanni - wardi. Game da ita kuma za a tattauna a cikin labarinmu.
Abubuwan:
- Asalin kalma
- Tarihin noma
- Bayanin shuka
- Forms na bushes da kuma harbe
- Bar
- Spikes
- Buds
- Flowers
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
- Tsarin ginin: abin da wardi suke
- Park da lambun
- Simple, Terry, Semi-Biyu
- Ƙungiyar launi
- Garden, yanke, tukunya
- Ka'idoji na asali da kuma siffofin kulawa na fure
- Duk game saukowa
- Yadda za a magance wardi
Girman tarihi
Wani tsohuwar shuka kamar fure yana da tarihin dogon tarihi, wanda aka rufe shi a cikin asirin da yawa.
Asalin kalma
Da farko, sunan fure a Old Persian ya yi kama da "fushi". Bugu da ari, a zamanin da Girkanci an canza shi zuwa "rbodon", kuma a cikin harshen Latin ya sami sunan "rosa" da aka saba sanannun.
Koyi yadda za a kula da wardi a cikin tukunya, yadda za a yi girma a fure daga bouquet, da kuma yadda za a zabi mafaka don hunturu.
Tarihin noma
Tarihin ya faɗi cewa tsohon Indiya ita ce wurin haifuwar fure. A can, mutumin da ya kawo sarki fure yana iya tambayar wani abu daga gare shi. Ana amfani da shuka a cikin dukkan bukukuwan bukukuwan addini da na addini kuma yana da kyau ƙwarai. Daga gabas, furen ya zo wurin d ¯ a Roma. A can, wardi sun fara girma, duk da cewa ainihin manufar gonaki a wancan lokaci shine samar da tsire-tsire masu amfani (don cin abinci, a matsayin magunguna, da sauransu). Tare da rushewar mulkin mallaka, babban lambu ya wuce zuwa gidajen duniyar. Kodayake kayan furanni kawai don jin dadi mai ban sha'awa ba sabawa bane, wardi sunyi alfahari da wuri kuma an hada su a cikin jerin itatuwan da aka bada shawarar don dasa shuki. Akwai fure a tsohuwar Girka, inda aka girmama shi sosai. A can ta zo ko dai daga Roma ko kai tsaye daga Gabas. Bayan da aka kama Konstantinoful da kuma Crusades a Turai, iri iri da ba a sani ba sun bayyana. A wannan lokacin, furen ya kara girma, kuma hotunansa ya kasance a sheraldry da kuma gine-gine.
Za ku so ku san ko wane layi da rukunin rukuni zasu iya rabawa, abin da kuskuren lambu suke yin sau da yawa, yadda za a takin wardi a cikin bazara, lokacin rani da kaka, da kuma yadda za a bambanta fure daga fure.Fure an dauke shi alama ce ta kammala. A cikin karni na 18 zuwa 19th, an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don ƙirƙirar irin wardi da suke da tsayayya ga yanayin Turai. Wannan ya yiwu ne kawai a karshen karni na XIX. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana gudanar da zabin da kuma noma wannan shuka a yawancin ƙasashe, kuma furen kanta an dauke shi a matsayin classic kuma ba ta rasa haɗin kansa.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi yawan adadin wardi da aka sayar a Ranar soyayya. Yawan furanni da aka sayar a fadin duniya ya kai miliyan 3.
Bayanin shuka
Daban-daban iri dabam dabam da launi, siffar, dandano, amma duk suna da halaye na kowa wanda zaka iya gane fure tsakanin sauran furanni.
Forms na bushes da kuma harbe
Ƙasa ɓangaren fure ya haɗa da waɗannan abubuwa:
- main mai tushe;
- harbe na daban-daban domin;
- furanni
Familiarize kanka tare da manyan cututtuka na wardi, ciki har da powdery mildew.
Bar
Wasu 'yan ganye suna hade da petiole (mafi sau da yawa 5-7, amma wani lokaci lambar su ta kai 15). Kowace nau'in yana da nau'in rubutu, girman da kuma siffar zanen gado. A mafi yawancin lokuta, launin su ne cikakke kore, da wuya m ko tare da launi na tagulla. A gefuna za su iya zama duka cikakke kuma suna da cloves. Tsarin takardar zai iya zama matte sosai don m.
Spikes
Spikes ne horarwa a kan harbe wanda ke yin aikin tsaro. Suna da yawa kuma babba. Wani lokaci akwai wardi an rufe su da kananan gashi.
Hannun kansu suna da siffar daban-daban:
- madaidaiciya;
- kullun;
- lankwasa ƙasa;
- oblate
Shin kuna sani? A Japan, sun kawo nau'in wardi na musamman "Chameleon": Yayin rana, furen yana da launi mai haske, kuma a daren ya zama snow-farar fata.
Buds
Kwayoyin wannan furen suna da adadin mai muhimmanci, don haka ana amfani da su a cikin shirye-shiryen shayi mai tsayi. Wannan ƙari ya haifar da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa, kuma yana wadatar da abin sha tare da abubuwa masu amfani, waɗanda suke da yawa a cikin abun da ke ciki.
Flowers
Furen suna samuwa a saman saman harbi ko cikin tsawonsa kuma zai iya zama:
- guda-flowered;
- da yawa-flowered;
- kadan-flowered.
Karanta kuma game da irin nau'o'in wardi iri-iri: "Sins Thomas", "Lafiya guda biyu", "Pierre de Ronsard", "Sophia Loren", "Falstaff", "Pink Intuition", "Farin Ciki" da "William Shakespeare".Yanayin canza launin iya bambanta:
- launi daya;
- biyu-launi;
- gauraye
- taguwar;
- Multi-canza launin;
- fentin
- gwanin (goge);
- Hanya;
- nau'in nau'i-nau'i;
- rosette;
- ambata;
- launi;
- square;
- an gano;
- jirgin ruwa;
- tare da cibiyar watsa labaran.
Shin kuna sani? Rashin man fetur na cikin kashi 98% na mata da 48% na kayan turare na maza.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
Dabbobin daji da wasu gonaki bayan flowering suna rufe kananan 'ya'yan itace. Wani lokaci wannan ya faru ne lokacin da daji bai riga ya bace ba. Wannan ya haifar da kyakkyawar sakamako mai kyau. A 'ya'yan itatuwa da kansu sun zo da dama siffofin:
- zagaye;
- oval;
- kwalban kwalban.
Tsarin ginin: abin da wardi suke
Na tsawon lokaci ya wanzu, fure ya canza mai yawa, kuma a cikin tsari da aka kafa nau'o'i daban-daban. Dukansu sun bambanta da juna kuma an samo su don dalilai daban-daban.
Park da lambun
An yi la'akari da shagon Park daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi samun nasara ga gonar, saboda shi ne wanda yake da tsauraran yanayin hunturu kuma ba zai iya mutuwa ba a lokacin sanyi da kuma dusar ƙanƙara. Yana da nasa halaye:
- A wasu lokutan wasu bishiyoyi sun yi kama da bishiyoyi na daji har zuwa 2 m;
- da yawa iri ba a bambanta ta musamman na delicacy na furanni;
- suna da ƙanshi mai kyau da furanni a cikin kakar (tun Mayu);
- 'ya'yan itatuwa ba wai kawai na ado ba, amma kuma suna da amfani ga mutane;
- suna da babban adadin magunguna.
Simple, Terry, Semi-Biyu
Simple (ba terry wardi) yayi girma a takaice kuma sau ɗaya a kakar. Amma Bloom kanta sosai yawan. Suna da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yawa waɗanda suka haifar da kyakkyawan kyan gani na daji a kaka. Wadannan wardi ba a shawarta su dasa kusa da gidan, tudun ko tituna ba, tun da kusan kusan dukkanin kakar dole ne ka kalli sababbin daji. Furen Terry suna sananne ne saboda ƙawaninsu. Wakilan wannan nau'i suna samuwa a cikin matasan shayi da matasan-polyanth nau'in wardi. Differ a cikin wani tsawon flowering zamani, yayin da sosai yawan. Semi-biyu ne mai cakuda mai sauƙi da kuma terry.
Ƙungiyar launi
A lokacin shekarun shuka, shuka ya canza sosai, a kasuwannin zamani wanda ba zai iya samo furen furanni ba, amma kuma masu launin masu launin yawa. Kwayoyin dabbobi za su iya zama ragu, suna da launi daban-daban a garesu, launuka za su iya haɗa ɗaya cikin ɗayan, ko ma hada fiye da biyu a daya toho.
Garden, yanke, tukunya
Aljannun lambun suna da iri iri iri da aka bred a yayin aiki na wannan shuka. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan bangarorin da suka ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa. Suna bambanta da launi, girman da dandano. Wasu nau'o'in sutura sun kasance masu nau'in tsire-tsire kamar tsire-tsire don yin bouquets. Su ne bambancin launi, suna da manyan furanni da karfi mai ƙanshi. Mutane da yawa sun fi so su yi girma kamar irin wardi, don amfani da su a cikin ado gidan ko kyauta. Roses a cikin tukwane ne babban bayani ga wadanda suke godiya da kyau wannan shuka. Suna da yawa a cikin launi da siffar, kuma ikon yin yanayi mai dadi yana sa tsawon furancin su (sun fara farawa a baya, kuma sun ƙare fiye da sassan titi na shuka).
Ka'idoji na asali da kuma siffofin kulawa na fure
Hakika, a kula da irin wannan shuka yana da dokoki da asirin nasa wanda zasu taimaka wajen tabbatar da kyakkyawar kallo da kuma tsawon rai na flower a yanayi daban-daban.
Duk game saukowa
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a ci gaba da jin daɗin shuka shine dasa shuki.
Yana da muhimmanci! Buy seedlings daraja kawai amince masu sayarwa. Tsarin ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau, ba tare da yaduwa ba, spots, lalacewa da kuma bushe ko bushewa.
Domin kowane abu ya ci nasara, kana buƙatar la'akari da wasu matakan da zasu shafi tasirin daji na gaba:
- Wurin - ya kamata a zaba wannan shafin a kudancin, tare da isasshen rana, kariya daga iskõki. Gidan yana son wurare masu tasowa kuma baya son kusanci kusa da ruwa.
- Shirye-shiryen ƙasa - yana da muhimmanci a yi ta tono a ƙasa, ƙara daɗa-mai juyayi (ba hanyar sabo ba!), Ashes da lemun tsami, idan kasar gona ta kasance acidic.
- Shiri na seedlings - datsa daji, barin buds 4-6. A cikin shayi na shayi ya fita kawai 2-3 peepholes, yayin da a cikin shakatawa na uku na harbe an cire, da kuma tushen tsarin an kusan equalized tare da ƙasa ɓangare na daji. Kafin dasa shuki, ya fi dacewa da ci gaba da shuka a cikin ruwa na rana, saboda ba a san daidai tsawon lokacin da aka fitar da ita ba.
- Landing a cikin bazara - da aka gudanar a watan Mayu. Dole ne a shirya rami mai saukowa a cikin 'yan makonni domin ƙasa ta ragu. Ya zurfin ya kamata 60-70 cm, kamar yadda bushes bukatar isa sarari don girma. Idan sauyin yanayi ya yi sanyi, an saukar da seedling a cikin rami kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa, kuma an shayar daga sama. Idan sauyin yanayi ya bushe, to sai an rufe shi da ƙasa tare da ruwa. Sabili da haka tsarin tushen yana da tushe mafi kyau.
- Dasa a cikin fall - dole ne a yi kafin karshen watan Satumba. Lokacin kaka ya zama m don dasa shuki, saboda yana da wuyar samun samfurori masu kyau da kuma zaɓar zafin jiki mafi kyau domin dasa su a ƙasa. Ana gudanar da shi a kan wannan ka'ida kamar yadda yake a cikin bazara. Yana da mahimmanci don binne gilashi mai tushe 2-3 cm cikin ƙasa. Saboda haka tsire-tsire za su iya tsira cikin hunturu. A ƙarshen dasa shuki yana da mahimmanci da kayi amfani da sabbin kayan lambu.
Yadda za a magance wardi
Kulawa mai kyau da dacewa shine dole ne a cikin wardi. Bayan haka, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba za su ba da launi masu kyau ba, ko kuma su ma sun mutu.
Yi ruwan inabi mai tsami daga furen fure, ya bushe su, sa'annan ya gano yadda wardi suke amfani da su.
Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci mu bi wasu dokoki masu sauki a kulawa:
- Cire murfin daga shuke-shuke da zaran rana ta warms.
- Tabbatar cewa duk rassan a kanji sunyi madaidaiciya, ba a lalata ba.
- Yanke duk wadanda suka mutu (baƙar fata). Kyakkyawan harbi ya kamata ya zama kore kuma yana da farar fata.
- Tasa da shuka tare da ma'adinai da takin mai magani, itace ash ko juya juyawa.
- Ka fita daga hasken rana kai tsaye a lokacin zafi na yini. Ƙirƙiri inuwa kewaye da daji tare da wasu tsire-tsire ko shinge.
- Ruwa da shuka sau 1-2 a mako a lokacin flowering, sau ɗaya a mako a lokacin bazara da kaka.
- A lokacin hunturu, tabbas za a datse da rufe bishiyoyi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kar ka yarda haɗuwa da ruwa da wuce haddi. A irin waɗannan lokuta, tushen tsarin wardi fara farawa kuma injin ya mutu.Idan kana son ƙirƙirar lambun musamman da kyawawan furanni, to, wardi suna da masaniya, tare da yawancin bambancin siffofi da launuka. Ba abin mamaki ba ne ake kiran furen sarauniya na furanni!