Noma dankali shi ne tsari na musamman a cikin aikin lambu na zamani. Babban kyauta na irin wannan sauƙin aikin shi ne mai dadi, m, babban dankalin turawa, wanda aka jin dadin tare da yi jita-jita. Ba wani asiri ga kowa ba cewa a cikin yankinmu wannan kayan lambu, bayan shahararren abinci, ya kusan zama daidai da gurasa. Amma, ka ga, ba haka ba ne mai sauƙi ka zabi wani dankalin turawa iri-iri. Wajibi ne a zabi nau'in da ba shi da kyau a kulawa, baya jin tsoron hare-haren cututtuka da kwari, zai ji daɗi sosai a yanayin yanayi mai kyau. Daban iri-iri iri-iri Sante - daidai ya dace da wannan bayanin don dukan halaye.
Bambancin bayanin
Sante yana daya daga cikin nau'o'in iri-iri da aka yi amfani da shi a yau da kullum, wanda ke da alaƙa da saurin kayan aikin gona. Al'adu shine mafi kyawun wakilin kamfanin "Agrico" na kasar Holland. Baya cewa a yayin da ake dasawa da kulawa, an lura da dukkan ka'idoji da shawarwari, al'adun za su gode maka saboda yawan amfanin da ake samu da kuma dadi mai dadi.
Daga cikin manyan abubuwan amfani da bayanin dankalin turawa iri-iri "Sante" shi ne karamin kafa da ƙananan bushes. Kwayoyin da ke cikin al'adun an rufe su da duhu mai launi, wadda aka bambanta da furanni mai launin fata, wanda aka tara a cikin wani corolla. Zaka iya fara girbi 80-90 days bayan dasa. Yana da muhimmanci! Daga daya hectare na dasa wuri za ka iya samun daga 27 zuwa 50 ton na kyau dankali. Hakanan na dogara ne akan daidaituwa na tsarin kungiyoyin fasaha da yanayin yanayi wanda aka shuka dankali.
Abubuwa da dandano
Idan mukayi magana game da halaye na 'ya'yan itacen dankalin turawa, Sante, to, ana nuna su ta wata siffar tazarar mota. Nauyin launi na bakin kwasfa yana da tsaka-tsalle tare da ƙananan idanu. Irin launi na ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda ya ajiye a cikin abun ciki kawai 10-14% na sitaci. Irin nau'in dankali shine nau'in aikace-aikace mai ban sha'awa, yana yin girbi mai sauki don aiwatarwa. Amma ga kankara kanta, tana kare nauyin 'ya'yan itace daga mummunar tasirin yanayi kuma yana taimakawa wajen tanadin amfanin gona na dogon lokaci. Wannan dankalin Turawa shine samfurin samfurin don cin abincin da kuka fi so da kuma kwakwalwan kwakwalwan kwamfuta, wanda ma'anar sitaci kadan da 'ya'yan itace ke bayyanawa da kuma kyakkyawan dandano na dankalin turawa Sante.
Mafi yawancin irin dankalin turawa iri ne: "Ilinsky", "Veneta", "Rocco", "Irbitsky", "Gala", "Bluishna" da "Cherry".Wannan iri-iri ne babban tushe ga kayan lambu casseroles. Ciyar da ƙanshin - wani abincin da zai iya ci, wanda za ka iya zahiri haɗiye harshe. Idan iyalinka ba mahaukaci ba ne game da dankali mai dadi da kyawawan ɓawon burodi, to, ba za ku iya samuwa mafi kyau iri-iri ba ga irin wannan tasa. Amma, alal, yana da kusan ba zai iya yin dankali mai dankali da wadannan dankali ba, yana da kyau game da yanayin sitaci. Wannan yana taimakawa ga gaskiyar cewa ana amfani da wannan nau'in a cikin masana'antun abinci, musamman a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan ƙaddara, ƙwallon kayan lambu, da gauraye kayan lambu daban-daban. Kyakkyawan amfani na iri-iri shine gaskiyar cewa lokacin da dankali mai dankali bazai yi duhu ba, kuma ya zama gishiri, domin yana dauke da adadin ruwan inganci, amma 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su bushe ba.
Shin kuna sani? Mun gode wa dandano mai kyau, mai amfani da yawa a masana'antun abinci, dankali ya zama sananne cewa an bude gidajen kayan gargajiya a fadin duniya har ma da kafa tsaunuka a cikin darajarsa.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Kamar kowane samfurin, dankalin turawa Sante yana da wadata da fursunoni.
A al'ada, bari mu fara tare da amfanin:
- dankali ya bambanta da girman girman da nauyin 100-150 g;
- Nondescript idanu daga cikin 'ya'yan itace ba ya ganimar da bayyanar da tsarin;
- kwasfa ta zama abin dogara ga dankalin turawa daga lalacewar injiniya;
- low sashi kashi;
- cinikayyar cinikayya mai kyau da kuma babban kariya;
- yana ba da karfi ga hare-hare daga cikin cututtukan dankalin turawa da magungunan kwari da na kwari.
- babban abun ciki na bitamin (C, B) da kuma ma'adanai.
Shin kuna sani? Na farko kayan lambu wanda ya saba da girma a fili shi ne dankali.
Agrotechnology
Don cimma kyakkyawar ƙwayar dankalin turawa, ya kamata a lura da wasu ka'idojin kimiyya na aikin gona:
- Kowace shekara 5-6 don sabunta iri.
- An zaba shafin don dasa shuki da kyau sosai, an shafe shi, m da kuma cikakken tare da oxygen.
- Shirye-shiryen yankin dasa don dankali ya fara a cikin fall. A lokacin kaka, dole ne a haƙa shi da haɗe tare da nitrogen. A cikin bazara, kasar gona don dankali ya buƙaci a cire shi kuma a cire weeds. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki ya zama wajibi ne don takin kasar gona da humus, ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kowane wuri don kayan abu.
- Gwararrun masu bada shawara suna dasa shuki ne kawai bayan da yawan zazzabi ya tsaya a hankali a + 8 ° C kuma ya fi girma, amma ba ta da ƙananan, kamar yadda sanyi yana da mummunan tasiri a rayuwar rayukan. A wannan zazzabi, ƙasa tana kula da dumi zuwa 10 cm da muhimmanci ga dasa shuki. Mafi kyau lokaci shine ƙarshen Afrilu.
- Rashin zurfin rami don dasa shuki ya zama minti 10. Ya kamata a sanya tuber a nesa da 35 cm daga juna; dole ne a kiyaye nisa na 60 cm tsakanin layuka.
- Sante ba zai jure wa danshi ba, don haka ya kamata a kare iri iri daga waterlogging. Kuna buƙatar kare al'adar daga bushewa a lokacin budding da flowering, idan ya cancanta an bada shawarar da za a shayar.
- Bayan dasa shuki da shafin dole ne a leveled rake.
- Don kare gonar dankalin turawa daga weeds, dole ne a bi da shi tare da herbicides ("Bast", "Glifors", "Roundup"). Dole ne a shirya ciwon kwaro da cuta tare da taimakon magungunan kashe qwari ("Prestige", "Maxim", "Cruiser").
Yana da muhimmanci! Yayin da aka sanya masu dankali dankali da legumes, phacelia, kabeji, ko radish.
Kula
Kula da dankalin turawa Sante yana da sauki. Babban abu shi ne don tsara yadda za'a tsara watering, hilling da kuma ciyar.
Watering
An riga an ambata cewa iri-iri ba ya jure waɗaicin laima. Kasashen da aka dasa shuki ya kamata a ragu sosai. A lokaci guda kuma, ya kamata a kare al'adun daga bushewa, musamman a lokacin budding da flowering. A waɗannan matakai na ci gaba, yana buƙatar yawan watering, wanda dole ne a tsaya a lokacin girbe don kare 'ya'yan itace daga rot.
Top dressing
Don kula da amfanin gona na ƙasa don dankali, kana buƙatar farawa a cikin fall, yayin da kake yin la'akari da ƙasa ana haɗe da nitrogen. Ana dasa nau'in kayan iri ne a cikin rijiyoyin, wanda aka rufe da humus. Kafin hilling yin wani karin tushen ciyar da al'adu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mafi filayen dankalin turawa shine ash ko kiwon kaji (tushen phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium) da aka shafe tare da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 2. A cikin 0.1 hectares da ake amfani dasu daga 6 zuwa 10 lita na bayani na gina jiki.
An shawarci kayan ado mafi kyau don aiwatar da su a cikin matakai uku: a lokacin germination, budding da flowering. Don ciyar da tsire-tsire masu tsayi kawai, tsuntsaye ne da ake amfani dashi; al'ada da ya wuce cikin lokaci na budding an hadu tare da bayani na ash (1 kofin), 2st. l potassium sulfate da ruwa (10l). Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar bukatu na sama, an shawarce su takin tare da jiko na 2 tbsp. superphosphate da gilashin mullein da lita 10 na ruwa. Kowace daji yana bukatar 0.5 lita na kayan aiki.Girbi da ajiya
Girbi na dankalin turawa Sante an girbe a 80-90 days bayan dasa. Idan ka dakatar da girbi, ana iya buga dankali da rot. Dole ne a adana 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin ɗakunan sanyi wanda sanyi ba zai sami damar shiga cikin hunturu ba, saboda sanyi yana da cutarwa ga dankali. Dole a kiyaye dakin daga haske, wanda yake mahimmanci.
Shin kuna sani? Lokacin da aka fallasa haske, dankali ya juya kore kuma ya zama mai guba, amfani da su zai haifar da guba. Tare da amfani da irin wannan dankali akwai mummunan bayanta.
Cututtuka da kwari
Babban amfani da iri-iri ne da cutar juriya. Masana ilmantar da su sun san yadda sabon tsari na girma dankalin turawa zai iya kasancewa, wanda baya jure wa hare-haren da dama masu aikata laifuka. Amma ga Sante, yana fama da cututtuka mafi tsanani: ciwon daji, scab, fungal infectious, cyst nematode, mosaic ƙwayoyin cuta, twisting da wrinkling na ganye. Matsayin juriya na iri-iri kafin hare-hare na marigayi da rhizoctonia yana hawa, don haka ba zai taimaka al'adun don kare kansa ba. Don rigakafi da kula da cututtuka, ana amfani da Taran, Konfidor-Extra, Fitosporin-M da Alirin-B.
Traditional kwari da cinye plantings dankali ne Colorado beetles. Rabu da irin wannan baƙi maras so, taimako kwari, musamman "Konfidor-Maxi", "Dantop", "Prestige". Kamar yadda kake gani, matsalar da zabi na iri dankalin turawa an warware. Kuna buƙatar dankalin turawa Sante, wanda aka kwatanta shi da yawancin amfanin gona (har zuwa 20 dankali ake girbe daga daya daji), kulawa marasa lafiya, jure cututtuka da kwari.
