Naman itace tsintsiya madaidaici ne ko kuma bishiya mai yawa daga dangin Sumakhov. Yana girma a cikin yanayin Yanayi na Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Za'a iya samun tsire a ƙarƙashin sunayen "itacen fata", "gwaiduwa", "itacen ƙamshi", "ciyawar sigari." Yana da wani farin kwalliya na farin ciki tare da duhu kore ko purple-ja foliage da girgije-kamar inflorescences. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, scumbia yana girma a kan babban sikelin, ba wai don kayan lambu ba, har ma don dyes, waɗanda ake amfani da su don lalata tabo da fata.
Bayanin Shuka
Mackerel bishiya ce ko itace da ke da kambi mai shimfidawa 1.5-3 m da tsayi zuwa muraba 1.5 a cikin rayuwar sa.Tawon rayuwar sa shine shekaru 45-100. Tushen reshe na shuka daga ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da m-kore ko haushi mai haushi, wanda peel ya mutu tare da faranti lokacin da yake tsufa. Idan lalace, ruwan 'ya'yan itace milky yana ɓoye.
Shirokooovalny mai kambi mai yawa ya kunshi ganyen zagaye ko ganyayyaki masu tsayi akan dogayen petioles. Suna sake girma. Farar takarda mai laushi mai laushi yana da m ko ɗan ƙaramin gefuna. Tsawon lokacin ganye shine 5-8 cm. An fentin shi cikin launin kore mai duhu, wanda a cikin kaka ya canza zuwa launin rawaya, ruwan lemo, alkama ko shunayya.
A watan Mayu-Yuni, rassan shekarar da ta gabata sun yi yawa da yawa na inflorescences har zuwa tsawon cm 30. Suna da siffar firgita kuma sunada furanni masu launin kore-rawaya. Corolla ya ƙunshi gajerun dabbobin da aka haɓaka da kuma ƙaramin daskararru na bakin ciki. Ana maye gurbin furanni masu bushewa ta hanyar dabbobin elongated flecy, wanda ke ci gaba da girma ko da an gama fure. Sakamakon haka, gaba daya an rufe shi da wata gajimare mai ruwan sama, wanda yake da matukar kyau. A watan Yuli-Agusta, ƙananan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari - oblong drupes. An rufe su da fata baƙi na bakin ciki kuma basu da kusan ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Iri Skumpy
A cikin duka, 7 jinsunan suna rajista a cikin halittar Skumpiya, amma 2 kawai daga cikinsu ana amfani da su a al'ada. Masu shayarwa suna shayar da ire-iren kayan ado da yawa waɗanda ba za su bar lambu ba sha'ba.
Fata mackerel (talakawa). Itatuwan da aka dasa itace daga ƙasa kanta 1.5-3 m babban siffofin m m. Ana rufe harbe da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi. Stemsaya daga cikin shekaru mai tushe masu launin kore ko launin ja. A saman ganye mai zagaye na yau da kullun, ana ganin fasalin jijiyoyin jini. A watan Mayu-Yuni, inflorescences ya yi girma tare da kananan furanni na bisexual, ana fentin launin shuɗi ko launin kore. Bayan furanni ya bushe, an kara tsawon kwanon furannin kuma a sami wadataccen ruwan fure. A 'ya'yan itatuwa da sauri ripen a kansu - kananan obovate drupes ba tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Iri:
- Uwargida Budurwa - wani shuki mai fure mai haske mai launin ganye mai haske wanda ke tsiro 1.5-4 a tsayi, inflorescences dinsa ya zama kore farko, sannan ya juye kirim da ruwan hoda;
- Royal Purple ƙasa ne, sannu a hankali yana girma tare da kambi mai zagaye da manyan ganye waɗanda aka riga aka zana launin ruwan hoda a lokacin bazara, kuma a faɗuwa ya zama ruwan-dare, na toshe launin toka mai launin ja;
- Rubifolius shine nau'in zafi-ƙauna mai zafi 3-5 m mai girma tare da ganyen lilac-purple;
- Alherin - yaduwa mai saurin girma zuwa 3-5 m m ganye mai laushi mai laushi, ana fentin a lokacin rani a shunayya da damina a ja.
Marfe na Amurka (obovate). Itace mai yaduwa har zuwa 5 m high an rufe shi da kyawawan ganye zagaye zagaye mai haske har tsawon cm 12. A watan Yuni-Yuli an rufe shi da yawa ƙasa da yawa, amma inflorescences na ado sosai. Dankin yana da kyakkyawar juriya ga sanyi.
Kiwo
Mackerel ya yadu ta iri da kuma ciyayi. Dole ne a shirya tsaba don shuka. Don yin wannan, ana fara ɓoye su ta hanyar nutsewa a cikin maganin maganin sulfuric acid na mintina da yawa. Sannan, ana yin gyaran sanyi don watanni 2-3 a zazzabi na + 3 ... + 5 ° C. Mutum na iya yi da sassauci ɗaya, amma tsawon sa yana ƙaruwa zuwa watanni 6.
Bayan sarrafawa, ana samar da amfanin gona a cikin bazara kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Don yin wannan, shirya tsagi tare da zurfin 1.5-2 cm. Bayan 'yan makonni, seedlings sun bayyana, kusan 50% na tsaba suna tsiro. Seedlings na bukatar ƙarin kulawa sosai a cikin nau'ikan namo na yau da kullun da kuma matsakaici watering.
Lokacin da ake amfani da yaduwar ciyayi, ana amfani da kore ko kuma filastik. Yanke tare da ganye 2-3 a watan Mayu-Yuli ana yanka kuma a shafe shi da yawa a cikin wani bayani na "Kornevin", sannan a dasa a cikin kwandon shara tare da ciyawar ciyawar kuma an rufe shi da hula. Ana cire tsari a kullun kuma an cire condensate. Ruwa da cuttings ga rooting sosai a hankali. Tushen zai bayyana a cikin makonni 2-3, amma daga wani sashi na cike dazuka zai bunkasa.
Higherarfin da ya fi yawa wanda yake ba da tushen ba shine yake ba da bayani. Don yin wannan, a cikin bazara, haushi na ƙananan harbe mai ɗanɗano ya ɗan rushe shi kuma an gyara shi zuwa reshe kusa da ƙasa. A farkon kaka, ana kafa tushe mai ƙarfi, ana iya yanke reshe kuma a dasa daban.
Kusan kowace shekara, ana yin ginin tushen ƙasa a gindin tsohuwar shuka. A cikin bazara ko a farkon bazara, ana haƙa su a hankali kuma an dasa su a cikin dindindin.
Saukowa da kulawa
Mackerel ana shuka shi a cikin wuraren da rana take buɗe ba tare da zane ko iska mai ƙarfi ba. An yarda da tura karamin haske yayin rana. A kasar gona ya kamata sako-sako da kuma da-drained. Yawan kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa ba wanda ake so bane. A shuka fi son kasa tare da tsaka tsaki ko alkaline dauki, shi ke tsiro da kyau a kan loams da yashi kasa. Ana saka lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa mai acidic, yayin da masu nauyi suke haƙa tare da tsakuwa.
An dasa dabbar scoopia don tsakiyar bazara ko kaka, saboda tsire-tsire su iya daidaitawa kafin sanyi. Yayin aikin, suna ƙoƙari kada su lalata ƙasa. Dole ne tushen wuyan ya zauna a farfajiya. Nisan da aka ba da shawarar tsakanin bushes a cikin dasa shuki ya kasance daga 1.5-2 m. Bayan an gama dukkan magudin, an shayar da shukar sosai.
Tabbas, skumpiya ba zai yi ba tare da barin sa ba, amma mai lambu ba zai isar da matsala da yawa ba. Watering da bushes ya zama matsakaici kuma kawai a cikin fari fari. Ba sa son ƙasa mai laima sosai. Tare da ruwan sama na yau da kullun, ba a buƙatar ƙarin ban ruwa ba.
Soilarancin ƙasa mai saurin haihuwa ya fi dacewa don skumpia, don haka baya buƙatar takin kullun. Ya isa mu ciyayi duniya tare da takin a farkon bazara. A kan kasa mara kyau sau 1-2 a kowace kakar, ana shayar da ƙasa tare da takin ma'adinai mai rikitarwa. Wajibi ne a sassare ƙasa domin ta ɓoye ɓoyayyen ɗamarar zina a bisa. Nan da nan bayan dasa, yana da amfani don ciyawa da'irar gangar jikin tare da peat.
Don kula da adorativeness, bushes suna buƙatar yin goge na yau da kullun. A cikin bazara, ana aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace ruwa kuma an cire bushewa da daskararru. Tsohon bushes sake zamu. Don yin wannan, yanke ciyawar kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin bazara, barin ƙananan kututture kusa da ƙasa. Ba da daɗewa ba, matasa harbe samar da kyakkyawan hat.
Wintering a cikin yanayin canjin yanayin zafi yawanci ana jure shi da kyau. Domin jiran lokacin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi, ana buƙatar wasu shiri. Plantsarnukan tsirrai da nau'ikan kayan ado na ƙauna-zafi an rufe su da kayan da ba a saka ba, ƙasa kuma a gindin akwati an rufe shi da peat, fliage da rassan tsiro. A farkon bazara, ya zama dole don cire tsari da watsa dusar ƙanƙara.
Mamoji yana alfahari da kyakkyawan garkuwar jiki da juriya. Abu ne mai matukar wahalar gaske cewa ciyawar ganye da tsiron-tsiran ganye-bushes suna sauka akan sa. Za a iya lalata su da sauri ta hanyar magungunan kashe kwari na zamani.
Amfani
Godiya ga girgije-kamar inflorescences da kayan ado, scoopia bako ne maraba da kowane lambu. Ana amfani da manyan bishiyoyi a cikin plantings guda a tsakiyar gonar ko kewayen kewaye da shafin. Bushesarancin bushes sun dace da ƙirƙirar shinge. Wasu lokuta ana dasa su a cikin tsibiran dutse ko a cikin wani wuri mai haɗawa. Inflorescences za a iya bushewa kuma a yi amfani da shi don yin shirye-shiryen fure.
Dankin ya ƙunshi babban adadin tannin, flavonoids, tannins, mai mai mahimmanci da acid na kwayoyin. Bar da harbe suna hutu. A waje, ana amfani da kayan ado kamar yadda ake amfani da mayuka, damfara da baho don magance fitsarin fata, kumburi da cututtukan fata. Yin wanka da bakinka yana rage cutar gum, zubar jini, da kuma maganin tari da gingivitis. A ciki, ana ɗaukar kayan ado don rage yanayin cikin ciwon huhu, tashin zuciya, da guba.
