Rulesa'idoji na asali da fasalullulolinn itacen inabi a bazara da kaka

Pruning inabi tare da koto da kuma ruwa shafar ingancin fruiting da ta dace ci gaban da itacen inabi. Wannan taron yana buƙatar kulawa da kyakkyawan tsarin kula. Tsarin yana ba ku damar hangen nauyin da ya fi dacewa a kan shuka, don ƙirƙirar daji dangane da halayen varietal, nau'in tallafi da kuma yanayin yanki na gonar. Kurangar inabin da ya dace daidai yana kama da m, na ado kuma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Sai na datsa inabi

Yanke tsohuwar, lashes marasa lafiya, girma ba daidai ba, don samar da harbe-harbe matasa, ya zama dole a daidai kamar yadda ciyar da shayar da shuka. Hanyar innabi tana ba ku damar daidaita kayan a fili a kan fitar da bishiyoyin (samar da pruning), kare tsiron daga mummunan tasirin kwari da rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta daga albarkatun 'ya'yan itace (kayan tsabta). A aikace, a bayyane yake cewa tsawon rayuwa, rigakafi da yawan tsiron ya dogara ne akan wannan taron. Ping inab ɗin ba zai kawo matsala ba idan kun san tsarin itacen zaitun da sifofin zaɓaɓɓen iri da aka zaɓa.

A lokacin da datsa inabi

Ana aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace tsabta a cikin bazara, a cikin bazara an kafa daji lokacin la'akari da goyon baya kuma ana sarrafa nauyin ta hanyar gungu. A cikin bazara, tsohuwar, bushewar bulala da lalacewar tilas ana yanke su, suna barin idanun su da yawa a hannun jari (idan akwai lalacewar inabi da sanyi). Dangane da sakamakon hunturu a cikin bazara, an ƙaddara su tare da yankan yankan kuma an zaɓi kambi mai kyau.

Bidiyo: lokacin da za'a yanka inabi

Autumn pruning na inabõbi

Ana fara dasa shuki a cikin makonni 2-3 bayan ƙarshen girbin. Pre-na bakin ciki fitar da shuka daga bushe ganye, tsohon masu lankwasa na perennial harbe, wanda za a cire ba tare da kasa a cikin halin yanzu kakar. Da kuma cire wuce haddi, talauci mai girma da ba daidai ba girma lashes (a tsakiyar daji da ƙasa). Shootswararrun harbe har zuwa 7 mm lokacin farin ciki tare da madaidaicin adadin idanu (guda 8-16) an bar su ba tare da lalacewa ba. An shirya dantse na ƙarshe a cikin jiran lokacin hunturu bayan sanyi na farko (ƙarnin da ya gabata na Oktoba - farkon watan Nuwamba), a lokacin da itacen kuran ke yanke ya zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ya ɗan matse ta kan lanƙwasa. An ƙayyade yawan pruning, yana mai da hankali kan ci gaban harbe, a duka, babu abin da ya wuce 80% na harbe an yanke. A daidai da zaɓaɓɓen da aka zaɓa, yawan adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata na hagu an bar su a kan matsewar ciyawar da ke gaba. An ba da fifiko ga masu harbi havingan itacen da ke da alamar canzawa, kuma wanda zai iya zama cikin sauƙi da kwanciyar hankali da ƙulla ƙasa don sanya idanu ga 'ya'yan itace.

Suna ƙoƙarin cire harbe mai toshewa saboda ragowar lashes na iya samun ci gaba a cikin kakar mai zuwa

Domin kada ya raunana shuka a cikin jira na sanyi, yawancin lambu suna aiwatar da girkin kaka ne kawai. Samuwar hanyar haɗin 'ya'yan itace yana farawa ne kawai a cikin bazara, lokacin da yake da sauƙin rarrabe tsakanin rayayyiya mai ƙwaya da fure.

A tsakiyar Rasha, girbi na kaka yana kama da nau'in tebur waɗanda ke buƙatar rufe shi don hunturu, wato, don rage girman daji. Na yanke nau'ikan fasaha (a yankin na - Isabella, Lydia, Raja) a cikin bazara, lokacin da akwai "kuka" kuma nan da nan a kan tsire-tsire bushe, brittle, non-overwintering (mutu) harbe ya zama sananne.

Spring pruning

Manufar dasa shuki ta ƙarshe shine a samar da hanyar haɗin 'ya'yan itace a ƙarshe kuma a ba shuka irin ingantaccen tsari, a miƙe ta zuwa trellis ko arbor. A cikin bazara, ana fara aiwatar da tsari kafin a buɗe furanni, amma lokacin da zafi ya shigo - a zazzabi ba ƙasa da + 10 ° C da rana ba, lokacin da barazanar dare da daddare ta shuɗe (ƙarshen Maris a kudancin Rasha, farkon Afrilu - a yankin tsakiyar ƙasar). Zai fi kyau datsa innabi na lashes a cikin rana, yanayi mai natsuwa.

Itacen inabi wanda ya yalwata a bara an yanke shi. Zabi karfi da lafiya harbe:

• Masu harbe 'ya'yan itace 2-4 (lokacin farin ciki mm 3-7) akan nau'in tebur;
• daga 2 zuwa 6 harbe (a diamita 4-8 mm) akan kayan inabi.

Dangane da halaye na nazarin halittu na iri-iri, mai tsayi, tsaka-tsakin tsaka ko gajere na itacen inabi shine za'ayi la'akari da nauyin akan shuka, samar da hanyar haɗin 'ya'yan itacen.

Shin an yanka inabi a lokacin rani?

Vigorously girma kambi na inabõbi na bukatar da hankali a lokacin rani. Domin abubuwan da ake buƙata da za a kawo wa harbe na 'ya'yan itace, kuma ana buƙatar gunguran mai daɗi mai ɗorewa, m berries, ana buƙatar girbin rani. Ya zama dole:

• cire kullun cire stepan uwa (harbe-tsari na biyu-daga girma daga buds na bacci);
• tsakuwa - an yanke dabbobin apical mai sau 20-25 cm 2-3 sau lokacin girma;
• na bakin ciki fita ganye da thicken daji da yawa da kuma m da gungu (copious ganye suna tsokani da ci gaban cututtukan fungal a kan itacen inabi).

Childrenyayen mahaifiyar suna haɓaka da sauri kuma suna ɗaukar karamin sashi na abubuwan gina jiki da danshi, saboda haka ana yanke su a lokacin bazara kowane sati 3

Yadda za a datsa inabi

Kafin fara aikin, sun shirya don trimming kuma suna haɗe tare da kayan aikin da ake buƙata. Kafin fara wannan muhimmin taron, ya kamata ka:

• saka shekarun shuka;
• ƙayyade tallafi don kiban 'ya'yan itace;
• zaɓi zaɓi na kambi.

A lokacin kaka da kuma lokacin girbi na bazara, a sakamakon haka, ana cire kashi 50 zuwa 80 na harbe na itacen innabi.

Bidiyo: yadda ake datsa inabi

Ana shirya daji don pruning

Kafin pruning, tushe daga tushe an tsabtace daga tsofaffin foliage da ciyawa, an share trig Tushen ƙasa. Bayan m cire daga cikin lashes cewa girma a cikin daji, da na bakin ciki unripe, kazalika da fattening harbe, da vines an cire daga goyon baya da hankali dage farawa a ƙasa (a cikin kaka). A lokacin girkin bazara, an girbe 'ya'yan inabin overwintered akan wani tallafi, sannan ana cire karin lashes ta amfani da secateurs.

Ka'idodi na asali

Domin kiban 'ya'yan itacen haɓaka daidai, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa ba ya raguwa, yana da muhimmanci a yi nazarin wasu fasalolin dasa itacen itacen inabi.

1. An zaɓi harbe matasa akan wanda ƙulli na maye yake a waje. Idan babu shi, ana yin kakkauran harbe-harbe ne a bara.
2. Yanke kibiyar 'ya'yan itacen tare da internode 3 cm a saman ido.
3. Abun ɗaukar nauyin harbi na iya zama daga idanu 4 zuwa 16, a kan shuka gaba ɗaya, daga 25 zuwa 30; a kan iri mai ƙarfi - har zuwa 45 ocelli.
4. A cikin kaka, da harbe ana yanka perpendicularly ko a wani kwana, a cikin bazara - koyaushe obliquely wanda ya sa apiary (m, viscous ruwa secreted da tsire-tsire lokacin da harbi da aka lalace) ba ya ambaliya da buds.
5. Yin yanke, ana sanya yan saiti tare da kaifi mai kaifi zuwa sashin da ya rage, an saita wuka mai fadi (girmamawa) ga sashin da aka cire.
6. Pruning koyaushe ana yin sa daga waje na daji don kada a tayar da kwararar kwararar ruwan.
7. Don kauce wa watse kashe gajere harbe karkashin dumama (a cikin hunturu) ko a karkashin nauyin bunches (a lokacin rani), suna lankwasa a wani kusurwa zuwa hemp.

Rashin kula da karsashin itacen inabin ba shi yiwuwa ya lalata shukar, amma zaka iya rasa amfanin gona

Yadda ake samarda hanyar haɗin itace

Babban manufar pruning ita ce samar da daidai ɓangaren itacen ɓawon itacen inabi, a inda ake haɗin haɗin 'ya'yan itacen - bulala mai kunnabi ta bara, wadda ta ƙunshi:

1. Guntun sauyawa wani ɗan gajeren abu ne, wanda ake yanke zuwa kashi biyu na ganye, wanda daga shi aka samar da hanyar haɗin fruita ofan tsire-tsire na gaba.
2. Ido shine kuli-kuli wanda daga bishiyoyin tallafawa amfanin gona na wannan shekara zasuyi girma.
3. Kibiya 'ya'yan itace - barayin bara, a yanka bisa ga halaye masu ɗimbin yawa na wasu idanu. Wannan harbi ne ke kawo mafi girman girbi.

A misalin samuwar hanyar 'ya'yan itace akan bushes na hannayen riga guda hudu, ana iya ganin kowane juyi yana kunshe da wani saqo na canzawa da kibiya mai kwari

Lokacin da za a datsa wani ƙulli na canzawa, koyaushe sai a yanke wani abu daga waje da bulala, yayin barin 2-3 buds.

Bidiyo: girbi inabi ga mahaɗin 'ya'yan itace

Don ƙirƙirar hanyar haɗin 'ya'yan itace, ana shirya pruning na harbe daban-daban, yin la'akari da yawan' ya'yan itace da aka zaɓa: a cikin ƙananan, tsakiya ko babba na itacen inabi.

• Yankakken ɗan kwali - don huda na 4-6, zaɓi don inabi tare da ƙananan ƙananan idanuna masu inganci. Sau da yawa ana amfani da irin wannan pruning a cikin nau'ikan greenhouse da a cikin inabi tare da kara mai girma.
• Pruning na matsakaici - don buds 8, ya dace da nau'ikan matsakaici, babban amfanin gona wanda shine tsakiyar ɓangaren harbi.
• Dogayen girki - 10-12 sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don bushes-girma mai ƙarfi bushes na kayan zaki, da na pruning mafi yawan fasahar.
• Ana aiwatar da hada-hadar cakuda, alal misali, yayin ƙirƙirar haɗin haɗin 'ya'yan itace mai ƙarfi: an yanke babba a saman (alal misali, ta hanyar 10-16 kodan) - zai ɗauki nauyin haɓaka na bunches, ƙananan ƙananan (mun bar 4, 8 ko 10 kodan) - bisa ga halaye na nazarin halittu iri-iri , wannan jefa lodi a al'ada. Irin wannan pruning ya dace da inabi tare da ciyawar da ke da kyau kuma ba da haƙuri da ƙarin nauyin amfanin gona ba.

A cikin adadi, wani bambance-bambancen na cakuda inabi, a cikin abin da gajeren pruning da ake amfani da a maimakon canza kulli (1) da matsakaici (a tsakiyar daji), tsawo (a tarnaƙi) na 'ya'yan itace harbe (2)

Hanyoyin kirkirar inabi

Zaɓin zaɓi na ƙirƙirar inabi, la'akari da yawancin vines. Don haka, ana sanya itacen inabin masana'antu sau da yawa a kan jirgin ruwa da kuma iska, kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan cordon sun dace da ɗakin cin abinci. Tabbatar da yin la'akari da shekaru, juriya na sanyi na shuka, da yawan iri akan iri-iri, yadda karfin kara da harbe suka ci gaba (nisan da ke tsakanin tsirrai a jere ya dogara da wannan).

Yana da mahimmanci kada a manta game da fasaha na namo inabõbi - vigorous bushes sukan sanya a kan karfi trellises da babban arbor da pergolas. Amma a lokaci guda, ana la'akari da cewa irin wannan daji yana buƙatar mafi yawan kulawa - yankin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma yawan danshi yana girma sau da yawa, ya bambanta da nau'ikan matsakaici, wanda ke girma da kyau a cikin daidaitaccen tsari da nau'in cordon.

'Ya'yan inabi masu tsayi suna ba da isasshen ruwan sama, wanda yake da ƙarancin tsabtace tsabtace tsalle, ko kuma ba tare da wannan daji yana ƙyalƙyali ba, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa. Idan kuna son yin ado da rukunin yanar gizon tare da gizaffen gilasai da ke gudana tare da bunches, wannan zai buƙaci ƙoƙari da yawa da saka hannun jari. Ana bayar da riguna na sama da na yau da kullun tare da dogayen shinge na lambu, tsaftacewa a cikin duban, kullun thinning na daji (don ware dampness da haifuwa na wasu kwari marasa kyau). Na tabbata daga abin da na fahimta cewa irin wannan samarwa yana buƙatar kulawa sosai fiye da, alal misali, ƙa'ida ko ƙazamai. Don samun kyakkyawan "itacen inabin", mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a dasa shuki ɗaya mai ƙarfi kuma a ba shi iyakar kulawa. Idan kuna shirin kawai girbi, nau'ikan matsakaici (nau'in 2-3) waɗanda aka kafa a kan layi ko kwatankwacin oblique cordon sun dace. Ba za su ƙara samun fili ba, aiki da lokaci fiye da 'ya'yan inabi a kan ɗan ɓoye.

Babban hanyoyin da samar da wani innabi daji:

• fan;
• daidaitaccen kayan kwalliya da ba na zamani ba;
• samuwar itacen inabi a kan arched tsaye trellis da arbor;
• cordon pruning.

Hoto na hoto: Zaɓuɓɓukan daji na innabi

Fan samuwar wani itacen innabi

Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi sauƙi don datsa da kuma siffar ɗan itacen inabin ƙaya ne. Ya dace da tsire-tsire matasa da kuma kan kari, ga giya da nau'in kayan zaki. A cewar yawancin mashaya giya, gyaran fan yana da sauki kuma ya dace. Amma kuma fan lashes suna karami da na ado, yana da sauƙi a sanya su a cikin bazara don dumama hunturu kuma a cikin bazara don sanya su a kan goyon bayan kowane tsayi.

Bambancin Fan yana bambanta ta gaban yawancin 'ya'yan itacen ɓaure da ke a wani kusurwa da juna kuma a yanke wa tsawan daban-daban. Kowane lash yana da kusan 6 zuwa 14 idanu dangane da iri-iri. Karancin maye yana iya zama ba ya nan, amfanin gona na gaba a wannan yanayin yana tasowa akan ɗayan itacen inabin (mafi ƙarfi wanda ke kusa da gindin daji kamar yadda zai yiwu).

An kafa fann hannu biyu a kan tsire-tsire a farkon shekara: an dasa tsiron cikin 3 buds kuma an rage ƙimin maye gurbin kowane reshe. A cikin shekara ta biyu, zaku iya barin lebur biyu ko hudu (dangane da ikon daji). Farawa daga shekara ta uku, yawanci hannayen riga hudu ne kawai, ana kafa su, wanda zai iya wanzuwa a nan gaba, ko, don ƙara nauyin akan nau'in innabi mai ƙarfi, za'a iya ƙara ƙwanƙwasa - har zuwa hannayen riga 10.

Tsarin fan yana zuwa tare da ba tare da kara ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, daidaitaccen fan ya ƙunshi sleearancin hannayen hannu sama da fan da ba fanni ba.

Bidiyo: innabi mai fasali

Fanless samuwar wani innabi daji

An yi amfani da 'ya'yan inabi a cikin nau'in fanless mara ƙyalli a cikin yankin murfi. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna da sauƙin rufewa a cikin hunturu kuma su sake farfadowa bayan lalata sanyi.

A cikin shekarar farko, ana dasa shukar masara domin ci gaban mai dorewa don karfafawa da bunkasa lashes masu karfi a cikin kaka mai zuwa. A cikin bazara na shekara ta biyu, ana yin hutu (10 cm) a gindin tushe, daga inda akwati da tsayi harbe suke girma. Kuma a cikin kaka na waccan shekarar, ana yayyafa harbe-harbe domin lokacin hunturu, yanzu itacen innabi yana da manyan haɓaka biyu a cikin nau'ikan lashes, an ɗora shi ƙasa a kusurwar 45 ° C - wannan fan fan biyu ne.

Har zuwa harbe guda huɗu ana saura a kan fan ba tare da kara ba, akan kowane ɗayan itacen inabi biyu ke haɓaka (ɗayansu shine makullin maye gurbin nan gaba)

An rarraba nau'ikan fan zuwa fan da rabi-fan (edirar talla mai gefe). Wannan yana ba ku damar barin hannayen riga har huɗu tare da tushe mai sabuntawa a gefe ɗaya. Akwai siffar fan na gajeriyar ƙasa. Ana amfani dashi a yankuna na kudanci, inda a cikin hunturu tushe yana tufka da yanke.

L. SlepkoJagorar "Makaranta don farawa daga Siberian winegrower"

Kurangar Inabi

Hammer da haɗaɗɗen pruning (shtamb + fan) sun sami karbuwa sosai a yankin tare da yawan zafin jiki mai kaifi, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara zata iya zuwa a lokacin hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara, kuma dumama yana sa idanun su narke.

Vines an kafa su a kan babban perennial ciyawa, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin hunturu (spud ko kunsa tare da rashin saka sutura); harbe yanke kamar yadda zai yiwu. Don haka, irin wannan samuwar ya dace da ɗaukar ma'adinin viticulture.

A cikin bazara, ana yin harbe-harbe ga gajeren pruning (don idanu 4-6). An rataye lashes ko kuma a ɗaura shi da tallafi a layi daya, zuwa ƙasa ko a tsaye - wannan ya dogara da nauyin bunches akan daji. A wannan yanayin, shtamb (70-150 cm tsayi) yana aiki a matsayin tallafi ga harbe mai albarka.

A cikin lambun, 'ya'yan inabi a kan kara suna kama da kayan adonsu da kuma karami.

Rufeffen inabi yakan zama kamar itace, ba tare da yin la’akari da tsawon lokacin kara ba

Tare da babban nauyin amfanin gona akan daji, an ɗaure gungu kuma a rage mincin matasa da harbe-harben apical na tushe.

Bidiyo: ingantaccen innabi

Halittar inabi a kan trellis-jirgin sama biyu

Taimako na jirgin sama guda ɗaya ya dace da nau'in kayan zaki da na bakin ciki da na matsakaita ko don ƙarfi-girma cikin shekaru biyu na farko. A shekara ta uku, yana da kyau a gaggauta kurangar ingarma zuwa ingantaccen tallafi - akan trellis na jirgin sama biyu (a tsaye ko karkata). Growtharfafa mai ƙarfi da haɓaka mai nauyi, tallafin mai gefe ɗaya zai iya tsayayya da kowane yanayi, amma shuka zai yi kauri kuma yana da wahalar kulawa da irin wannan daji mai ƙarfi a cikin jirgin sama ɗaya.

• Tsawon trellis na jirgin sama biyu takan saba da mita 1.5-2, nisa tsakanin saukowa a kalla mita 2.5.
• Inabi da ke da irin wannan nau'in tallafin an yanke shi tare da fan a cikin dacewa da nau'in ƙwayar cuta (galibi ana yin shukar-matsakaici ne).

Inabi a kan jirgin sama na jirgin sama biyu - wannan shine babban ingantaccen kaya kuma ana rage girman tumbin

Inabi na girbewa

Samuwar daji na inabõbi a kan gazebo ya kewaye shinge na tsaye kuma ya dace kawai da nau'in marasa sutura. A shuka ba kawai iya ba da mai kyau amfanin gona, kamar yadda da sauran siffofin na pruning, amma kuma hidima a matsayin ado don ginin (pergolas, arbor, awnings) da kuma dukan site. '' Alkyabbar 'kore' ta inuwa mai kyau tana kare tsari daga tsare-tsare. A goyon baya ga harbe na iya zama a tsaye welded karfe sanduna ko arcuate arches. Loadarin ƙarin kaya ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar ɗaukar waya lokacin da za'a girbi matsakaicin nauyin (ɗan shekaru 5-7 na daji).

Babban goyon baya ga 'ya'yan itaciyar inabi a cikin gazebo shine rufin ginin

Domin yin amfani da wurin zama ba tare da izini ba, yayin da ba ku canza kaya a kan daji ba, yi amfani da matattarar ta tsaye ko mai ba da ƙafa huɗu. Mafi sau da yawa, don dasa arched da gazebo, ana amfani da nau'in fasaha mai ƙarfi ko tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi. An dasa tsire-tsire a kewayen kewaye na ganuwar tallafi - a tsakiyar shuka ɗaya (fan) ko a cikin sasanninta a kowane gefe (gefe ɗaya mai faifai mai lamba ɗaya). Trimming yana gudana kamar yadda aka zaɓa.

A lokacin da ake yin inabi ga ciyawa, zaka iya amfani da duk wata hanyar samuwar. Babban abu shine cewa inabi bai sha wahala daga sanyi ba, to, ƙarancin ƙa'ida da kafaɗar cordon ga kowane iri zai yi. Ko kuma fan - don inabi mai iya jure sanyi. Taken hatimin har zuwa 60-80 cm tsayi da kirkirar da yawa tare da harbe-rataye masu rataye suna da kyau sosai da zamani, koda kuwa inabi tana girma ne kawai a gefe daya na gazebo.

Bidiyo: girkin innabi a kan faifai da baka

Ganyen inabi

Yanke inabi don juyawa baya, bar ɗaya ko biyu buds don ingantaccen haɓakar harka a cikin kaka mai zuwa. Hanyar ta dace da harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara: bar 5-7 cm na kara da harbe guda biyu, lokacin da aka tsara fan, ana yin girki a tsayin 8-10 cm daga ƙasa. Wannan zaɓi na pruning yana ba ku damar ƙara ƙarfin itacen inabin, kauri daga cikin harbe kuma sake sake shuka mai rauni.

Bidiyo: girbin innabi don juyawa baya

Yanke inabi a jikin cordon

A lokacin samuwar cordon, 'ya'yan inabi suna da kara 80 zuwa 150 cm kuma hannayensu guda biyu ko biyu wadanda suke daidai da juna ko kuma gaba da juna a wani kusurwa ko a layi ɗaya zuwa ƙasa a saman trellis na tsaye. A kowane lash, harbe fruita developan itace ke tsiro (guda 1). Tsarin cordon na iya zama mai ɗaure da yawa ko kuma a cikin saƙa ɗaya.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in cordon:

1. A kwance (farfajiya) cordon. Taken hatimin yana da tsayi daban-daban, ana sanya lashes biyu (2 ko 4) a kwance a gefe daban-daban (mai gefe biyu) ko kuma a cikin hanya daya (ɗaɗɗaɗɗa). An yanyan nau'ikan masu ƙarfi zuwa cikin idanu 5-8, inabi na ƙarfin matsakaici - idanu 3-4. Kowane kibiya 'ya'yan itace sun ƙunshi daga kodan 6 zuwa 10.
   

   Tare da kwance kan layi, tsayin kara yana bambanta daga 80 cm zuwa cm 150
2. Tsayayyen cordon: an yanke gwal biyu na lashes biyu cikin idanu 4-6 kuma an saita su a kaikaice; baya 2, 4 ko 6 rataye harbe tare da gungu ci gaba.
   

   A tsaye ake amfani da cordon ta tsaye don samar da inabi.

3. Tare da ɓarna daɗaɗɗen fitila, lashes ɗin suna da karkatarwa a wani kusurwa na 45 °, ragewa ta hanyar ƙodan 4-6 ya fi dacewa. Tare da wani oblique cordon, da tiered harbe su ma ba a cire.
   

   Za'a iya ƙirƙirar ɓataccen abu, idan ya cancanta, ana iya kafa ɗaya akan faifai ɗaya don ajiye sarari

Bidiyo: 'Ya'yan inabi a yanka a cikin makwancin yanka

Hanyar hannayen riga-uba na kirkiro inabi

Lokacin ƙirƙirar rubutu a cikin hannun riga ɗaya, ana amfani da daskararren shinge ko kwance. A cikin kaka na shekarar farko, yara lashes suna gajarta kaɗan, kuma a cikin bazara a shekara ta biyu sun bar ɗayan guda. Sai kawai babba na biyu buds suna girma a kai - shoota fruitan itace da ƙuƙatar canzawa. An ɗaure itacen zaren a kwance.

'Ya'yan inabi biyu cak. Arrangementaramin tsari na daji tare da guda ɗaya yana ba ku damar sanya nau'ikan tebur na itacen inabi a kan karamin shinge na lambu a cikin maɓuɓɓug guda.

Samuwar itacen zaitun a cikin kayan hannu ɗaya yana ba ku damar sanya ƙyallen daidai

Samuwar doya mai tsayi don 'ya'yan inabi

'Ya'yan itacen inabi masu tsayi-tsayi akan girma trellis guda (1.5 - 1.7 m) a cikin kara guda ɗaya mai tsayi daga cm 120-150, yayin da nisan gangar jikin mafi ƙarancin shine 10 mm. Tare da wannan samuwar, kafadu a cikin adadin 2 zuwa 6 ana sanya su a kwance akan waya ba tare da garter ba. Idanun 3-4 sun kasance a kan kututture, ƙoshin 2 ne kawai ya rage akan gurɓatarwa. Girma a kan harbe yana rataye da yardar kaina.

Inabi a kan kara mai tsayi yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan kuma yana rage kulawa

'Ya'yan inabi suna girma a kan kara tsayi sau da yawa a cikin yanki na rashin abinci mai ɗorewa da ɗaukar ido.

Bidiyo: samuwar bishiyar innabi a kan karami mai tsayi

Samuwar inabi a duniya

Layuka na innabi bisa ga ka'idojin dasa ana aika su zuwa gabas da kudu maso gabas. Yankunan suna daga arewa zuwa kudu. Wannan shi ne yarda da cordon da fan fan. Kurangar inabi a kan gizagi da baka kuma a cikin tsayi mai tsayi na iya samun bulala tare da shugabanci da aka tsara, amma don saukaka, an baza kurangar a kowane bangare.

Tsarin innabi Hudu

Seedlings trimmed a farkon shekarar domin juya girma, shekara mai zuwa zai ba da iko harbe. Za su zama tushen mai son hannaye biyu a shekara ta biyu. Duk shekarun da suka biyo baya suna samar da daji gwargwadon halayen halittu na iri-iri daga 4, 6 ko 8 hannayen riga.

• A cikin kaka na shekara ta biyu, lashes 2 a tsakiyar daji an yanke zuwa 30 cm (har zuwa idanu 4); a gefuna barin dogon hannayen riga - 40-60 cm (6-8 idanu).
• Bazara mai zuwa, duka amma biyu na sama makafi ne. Daga cikin ocelli guda biyu da suka rage, babba a itace shoota fruitan itace kuma lowerayan shine ƙushin canzawa.

'Ya'yan inabi hudu masu makamai a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa

Kowane irin girbi yana gudana kamar haka kowace shekara.

Inabi ya kafa a kan hannayen riga hudu, shekaru 3 bayan dasa shuki

Idan ba ku bar ƙulli na canzawa ba, idanu 2 koyaushe ya kamata ya kasance a kan harbe - ci gaban giyan 'ya'yan itace biyu ba zai ba da nauyin wuce kima ba tare da irin wannan samuwar.

Bidiyo: fanan fannoni huɗu na itacen oak

Yadda ake juya tsoffin inabi

'Ya'yan itacen inabi na perennial sau da yawa suna da ƙananan harbe na bakin ciki kuma ana iya yin kauri sosai. Don sake inganta tsohuwar 'ya'yan inabi, an yanke tushe a tsayi na 35-50 cm don rage kaya kuma an tsara hannayen riga a gaba daga harbe.

Idan yana yiwuwa a bar harbi wanda za a kafa haɗin haɗin 'ya'yan itacen - zaɓi bulala babu mai kauri fiye da mm 7 mm, 3-4 ya ragu da ƙarancin maye. A cikin shekarar farko, ana rage kaya a tsohuwar daji da kashi 40-50%, a shekara mai zuwa an kawo shi zuwa 70%. Sai kawai a shekara ta uku ana kafa cikakken daji kuma an dawo da nauyin daidaitaccen nau'ikan iri.

Tare da cikakken rejuvenation - pruning zuwa na baki kai - kwarangwal na daji an sabunta saboda sprout harbe a cikin tushen vineyards ko fattening wadanda a graeds wadanda. Idan tsarin tushen ci gaba mai kyau ya kasance, ana aiwatar da wannan a cikin shekaru 2-3, musamman da sauri lokacin da aka kafa daji ta amfani da matakai.

K.V.Smirnov//www.nnre.ru/biohimija/vinogradarstvo_pod_red_k_v_smirnova/p7.php

Farfaɗar innabi ita ce cirewar rashin ƙarfi daga 90% na harbe

Inabi na kuka: abin da za a yi

Hawaye na vines - tsari na dabi'a na dabi'ar kurangar inabi, wanda baya buƙatar wasu ayyuka akan ɓangaren itacen inabi. A wannan lokacin, dole ne aiwatar da ban ruwa na caji na farko a cikin adadin matsakaici (15-20 a kowace lita uku ko shekaru biyar).

Ruwan bazara na bazarar inabi shine alamar nasarar itacen inabi. Wannan tsari yana nufin cewa tsiron ya farka kuma ya fara kwararar ruwan itace, ba da daɗewa ba buds za ta fashe kuma farkon rukunin ganye da ganye zasu bayyana - komai zai tsaya. "Yin kuka" yana kasancewa daga kwanaki 30 zuwa 50 (wani lokacin har sai bayyanar 2-4 ganye). Yawan samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana faruwa ne a farkon tsarin girma, lokacin da zazzabi na yanayi ya tashi zuwa +7 +9 ^°C tare da isasshen danshi. Yin kuka yana haifar da asarar abubuwan gina jiki da ruwa (har zuwa lita 15), inji a wannan lokacin ya raunana.

Yawancin ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana nuna tafiyar matakai na shuka

Tsarin kukan itacen inabi bashi da illa ga tsiron:

1. Idan ana bin duk dokokin pruning (duba sama).
2. Don cire lashes, an zaɓi kayan aiki mai inganci.
3. Amintaccen lokacin amfanin gona
4. Bayan gyarawa, babu raguwar zazzabi a cikin zafin jiki.

Idan "kuka" yana faruwa na dogon lokaci akan yawancin vines, dole ne:

• bi da shuka tare da fungicide;
• rufe yanka tare da varnish lambu;
• to takaita bulala tare da layin kamun kifi ko waya.

Lokacin da baza ku iya yanke inabi ba

Growtharfin girma da yawan amfanin ƙasa na inabõbi a nan gaba ya dogara da yarda da lokacin girkin. An ba da shawarar yanke harbe kowane zamani:

• a kan abin da ya faru na farkon tsawan sanyi a cikin kaka;
• tare da farkon aiki budding a cikin bazara.

Domin kada ku rasa daji na innabi, lokacin da aka yi shuka, dole ne ku bi ka'idodin kuma kada ku manta da abubuwan da aka hana

A lokacin dasa shuki, ba a dasa ciyawar matasa (amma ban da maɓarnar da ke juyawa). Rashin abinci mai gina jiki da danshi har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin girma yana iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.

Innabi na innabi a yankuna

Abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin yanayin yanayin ƙasa na shuka babu makawa yana shafar lokacin girkin da samuwar daji.

Ganyen inabi a Belarus

A ƙarshen Satumba ko farkon Oktoba, gonar inabin ta na fuskantar tsabtacewa. A ƙarshe, lambu na Belarusian ya kafa daji a tsakiyar Nuwamba, amma koyaushe kwanaki 10-15 kafin faɗuwar sanyi. A farkon lokacin bazara (a cikin Maris), ana aiwatar da dabarun gyaran itacen inabi. Yawancin marasa sutura ana yanke su ne kawai a lokacin bazara bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, amma har yanzu kumburin suna bacci.

A Belarus, an kafa itacen zaitun a kan tushe kuma ba tare da, tare da fan ba, kuma a yanka zuwa gaɓa. Dakunan kwanan Hardy na ɗakuna da nau'ikan fasaha akan tituna da gazebos hunturu sosai.

Innabi na innabi a Siberiya

Yanayin arewa tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma ya tilasta wa masu girbin giya su yi mummunar girki, kuma kawai a cikin kaka. Abubuwan bazara na bazara ne wanda aka yarda dashi ba, kamar yadda aka buɗe itacen inabi a hankali. A Siberiya, sanyi mai yiwuwa ne har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, kowane nau'in innabi zai mutu a ƙarƙashin irin saukad. Sabili da haka, tafiyar da ciyayi da haɓaka mai aiki suna farawa a kan kurangar innabi kafin a sami cikakken 'yanci daga ruɓewa kuma an saita su akan tallafi. A wannan gaba, ya kamata a samar da itacen innabi a ƙarshe.

A nan, ƙirƙirar fan akan hannayen hannayen riga biyu (suna da sauƙin rufe don hunturu) ko a kan lashes huɗu da cordon (oblique da a kwance) ya fi dacewa.

Kirki-iri-iri-iri Fanke yana sauƙaƙe shirye-shiryen daji don hunturu da dumamarta

Ganyen inabi a cikin Kuban

A kan Yankin Krasnodar Territory, duk nau'in datsawa da gyaran fuska da aka lissafa an yarda dasu. Kurangar inabi tana bada 'ya'ya sosai kuma tana jure yanayin hunturu akan babban iska da kuma danshi, cordon da fanan wasan fan suna nuna kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin amfanin harbe.

Yanayin kudanci ya kira kar a yi sauri tare da pruning a cikin bazara, kuma yi sauri don ƙirƙirar bushes a cikin bazara kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace. A cikin yanki na viticulture, bushes a kowane lokaci daga farkon ganye fada zuwa mai tsananin sanyi - daga farkon shekarun goma na Nuwamba zuwa tsakiyar Disamba.

Idan yanayin bai yi sanyi a kudu na Rasha ba, an yanke 'ya'yan inabin kafin ƙarshen Disamba

Wasu lokuta a cikin kaka kawai ana yin tsabtace tsabtace tsabta, a ƙarshe an kafa daji a cikin Maris, amma kafin fara aiki mai gudana ya kwarara ruwa (a gaban "kuka" na itacen inabi). Technical da farkon cikakke tebur iri, a cikin abin da girma kakar fara da wuri (tare da warming na farko), an yanka kawai a cikin fall, yayin da nan da nan forming lashes a kan 'ya'yan itace mahada.

Nasiha

Samuwar gazebo yayi kama da na cordon kwance a kwance. Bambanci a tsayi na kara. An kafa kafada a hankali. Wajibi ne cewa greenery ya kasance mafi girma - bar waya ta farko daga ƙasa mita 1-1.5. Idan ya cancanta, sanya shi a nesa na 40 cm. Bayan haka, hannayen biyu suna ɗaukar hannayen riga. Wannan shine, 1,3,5,7,9 ... sannan komai ma. Anan ga kamannin cinyoyi sama da kodan 3. Kuma kibiyoyi ba su tsunkule idan kana buƙatar alfarwa.

Belikova Galina//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=32&sid=0bf96864ad40f05cfecd14b05aa76d8b

Kamar yadda muka sani, akwai abubuwa da yawa sama da 20. A ganina, tsadar kwance tana daya daga cikin nasara a yau. Da fari dai, ya dace don tsara bushes ga hunturu. Abu na biyu, ya dace don aiwatar da aiki, kyakkyawan tsari ga bushes. Abu na uku, da begen girma wata babbar gona (ba tsoron kalmar) amfanin gona. Zan taimaka wajen fahimtar wannan samuwar. Don yin wannan, dasa daji kuma gina trellis-jirgin sama guda ɗaya (don farawa, la'akari da wannan zaɓi). Ga wasu gungun masu giya, ya fi dacewa a yi daji ba tare da tirinya ba, dasa shuki daji a saman duniya da yin da'irar kusa-da-akwati. Don wannan halin, waya na farko akan trellis ya shimfiɗa kusan 40 centimita a saman ƙasa, na biyu kuma game da 40 cm daga waya na farko, na uku game da daidai. Latterarshe ya kamata yayi dace da iyawarku, a wasu kalmomin, ya kamata a sanya shi ta irin wannan hanyar da zaku iya haɗa ɗanɗano zuwa hannun ta da manyan makamai. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, yakamata mu sami kafadu 2 da hannaye 5 a kowane kafada don lokacin.

Svetlana//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=16011&sid=0bf96864ad40f05cfecd14b05aa76d8b

A cikin latitude ɗinmu na arewa, ba lallai ne ku zaɓi - yawancin nau'ikan suna girma tare da bango ba, kuma zaku iya rufe fan kawai a cikin hunturu. Bango daga yamma zuwa gabas, itacen inabin yana da mita 2-3, na yanke shi don alakar 8-10, fan yana girma a kullun, kuma a cikin bude kawai budsanyen da suka yi barci ne kawai suka farka sannan kuma kawai, duk da cewa itacen inabin ya tsiro mita 2 a waccan shekarar. Sabili da haka, gina shinge mai zane, 'ya'yan itacen inabi daga iska ta arewa za a rufe musu, Ina fata wannan ya taimaka.

Vladimir 2//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=747&start=10

Wajibi ne a sanya mai a lokacin datse lokacin da suka bushe, kuma ya fi kyau a rushe - danshi ba ya kwanciya a ƙarƙashinta. Idan kuka shafa tare da var, to ana narkewa ne kawai, kamar dai a ɗauka abin da aka sare na itace, kuma dole a maimaita wannan, kamar yadda za a sare. Cold var gwiwa shine tushen mutuwa daga haushi da cututtukan fungal. Babban abu shine tabbatar da cewa ruwan 'ya'yan innabi ba ya hau kan kodan. Akwai sukari mai yawa a ciki, kuma bayan irin wannan "aiki" koda koda bazai bude ba. Ana jagoranci sassan saboda yana gudana ta baya ko kuma nan da nan cikin ƙasa.

Tatyana//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-93.html

Matasa sun gajarta da tsufa, ana bushe ciyawar inabin a kowane kaka da bazara. Ta yaya mafi kyau don yin wannan, kowane lambu ya yanke shawara don kansa, la'akari da halaye na iri-iri, ikon haɓakar shuka da fasalin yanayin. Idan inabi ta girma akan makircin lambun ku, hakan na nuna cewa tsawon lokaci babu shakka ku mallaki hanyoyin da za'a iya shuka wannan tsiron. Wannan zai taimaka ga rinjayar yawan amfanin ƙasa da ɗanɗano na berries na kayan fasaha da kayan zaki na kowane zamani. Tsarin girbin inabi ba zai zama mai wahala ba, akasin haka, zai zama tsari mai kayatarwa, lokaci don gwaje-gwaje tare da nau'ikan daji da nau'ikan trellis.