Ahimenez fure - yadda ake shuka tsiro

Achimenez fure ne na dangin Gesneriev na kyakyawa mai ban mamaki. A cikin mutane an san shi da sunayen nettle, orchid nut ko hawaye na bazawara. An samo farkon shuka a karni na 18 a cikin gandun daji na Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya. A yau ana iya gani duka a cikin gidaje da kuma a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu. Shahararrun furanni ya ta'allaka ne da yawan furanni a kan lokaci.

Aramar bayanin fure

Masu shayarwa sun kirkiro da ɗimbin ɗumbin wannan kyakkyawan shuka. Dukkansu suna yin fure mai kauri da annashuwa, suna farantawa ido ido tare da furanni masu kyawu na wani sihiri mai kama da juna. A bayyanar, Achimenes wata itaciya ce mai tsayi tare da madaidaiciya kuma madaidaiciya, wacce zata fara rataye na tsawon lokaci. Ganyen yana da siffar lan wasa mai kama da nettles. Furanni kansu kamar karrarawa ne mai elongated. Suna da launuka da yawa: ja, ruwan hoda, purple, fari, rawaya.

Fure Achimenes

Daban-daban na Achimenes

A yau zaku iya samun nau'ikan tsire-tsire da ɗimbin yawa iri daban-daban. Mafi mashahuri iri:

• Achimenes manyan-flowered (Achimenes qrandiflora). Hisasar mahaifarta ita ce Meziko. An dauke shi furen mafi girma na kowane nau'in kuma yana iya kaiwa tsayi har zuwa cm 65. Yana da sauƙi girma. Ganyen suna da yawa, sun kai 10 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 7 cm faɗi. Furanni suna girma a cikin ɗakuna, harbe da yawa suna iya fitowa daga rami ɗaya. Babban launi su ne shunayya.
• Achimenes mai dadewa (Achimenes lonqiflora). Wannan itace tsiro mai siffar almara. Yana girma har zuwa 30 cm ba ga tsayi ba, yana da daskararru a karkashin ƙasa. Ganyen suna da koren haske a launi, dan kadan yadace, yalwatacce cikin sifa, bakin geza. Manyan furanni masu girma. Launin launuka fararen fata ne, launin rawaya, ko shunayya mai tsiri kusa da pharynx.
• Achimenes Georgia (Achimenes Juareqia). Farin farin ciki tare da manyan furanni, ya kai 6 cm a diamita. Ahimenez Juareqia yana ƙirƙirar katako, kyawawan halaye da fure.
• Ahimenes mai dadi (Achimenes dulcik). Itace yana da matsakaici a girma, yana da madaidaitan harbe da manyan ganyayyaki masu haske. Furannin furen fari ne, suna kama da mai kararrawa mai kama da siket, tare da kayan karafuna da aka lullube a waje. Fasalin yana da yawa, a tsakiya akwai tabon ruwan lemo mai launin shuɗi, tare da ƙananan saukad da launin ruwan kasa. Yana da haske mai rauni sosai da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
• Achimenes kafa (Achimenes erecta). Wannan nau'in fure ya kai girman har zuwa cm 40. Yana da harbe-harbe da furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da diamita na cm 1 Achimenes ja yana da kauri mai ganye.

Iri-fure iri-iri

• Achimenes na Mexico (Achimenes mexicana). Ya kai tsawo na cm 50. Girman furanni shine violet na matsakaici-shuɗi, mai launin kararrawa, a tsakiyar akwai tabo mai launin fari, kuma akan makogwaron akwai tsinke rawaya. Achimenes violet yana da manyan harbe harbe madaidaiciya tare da ganye mai fure na fure.
• Achimenes Misera. Wannan tsire-tsire ne matsakaici a girma, furanni fararen fata ne, sun kai diamita na cm 1 ganye ganye ƙanana ne, koren duhu a launi, an sanya shi akan dutsen tsaye.
• Achimen dusar ƙanƙara fari (Achimenes candida). Wannan tsire-tsire yana da furanni masu dusar kankara-fari, da wuya sosai tare da tan fari mai rawaya. Tana da siffar mazurari. Ganyayyaki a gefunan suna bautar, kuma harbe-rikice masu wuya ne, launin ja mai launi.
• Achimenes levinozevy (Achimenes antirrhina). Wannan nau'in Achimenes yana da furanni masu matsakaici-matsakaici, tare da launin toka mai launin shuɗi, wanda za'a iya ganin jan launi mai haske. Ana rufe ganyen koren haske da farin villi.

Kulawar Achimenes da kyau a gida

A gida, furanni Achimenes ba su da ma'ana. Amma ku ma kuna buƙatar sanin yadda za a tabbatar da ingantaccen kulawa mai dacewa a kowane lokaci na ci gaba.

Zazzabi, haske da zafi

Achimenes yana da halin haske na halitta, amma a lokacin rani yana da kyau a ɓoye furen daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Bukatar hasken rana ya dogara da furanni iri-iri. Tare da ƙaramin adadin hasken wuta, ana iya fallasa kara, furanni kuma su bushe.

Dankin yana ƙaunar zafi mai ƙarfi, amma bai kamata ku fesa furen da ruwa ba, tun da aibobi tare da bayyanar da ba za su iya bayyana ba a cikin ganyayyaki. Don shuka tsiro na fure kuma ya nuna alamar zafi na iska, ana sanya tukunya ta musamman tare da shuka akan windowsill, saka pebbles ko yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa a ƙasa.

Requirementsasa da tukunyar buƙatun

Girman tukunyar fure yakamata ta dace da girman tsarin tushen fure. Mafi dacewa shine cakuda ƙasa dangane da wasu sassa na ƙasa mai ganye. Wani sashi shine ƙasar turfy mai haske, ɗayan kuma yashi. Har ila yau ya dace da ƙasa cakuda sassa uku na ƙasar turf:

• humus;
• yashi;
• perlite ko vermiculite.

Bugu da ƙari, an ba da shawara don ƙara yan gawayi da yankakken sphagnum.

Noma na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci ga shuka

Dokar Watering

A lokacin haɓaka aiki, ana shayar da Achimenes sau da yawa, yana hana ƙasa bushewa. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a yi ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi, saboda haka ruwan ba zai sami ganyayyaki ba, wanda ke kawar da bayyanar baƙar fata. Ruwa don ban ruwa yakamata ya kasance a zazzabi a daki.

Manyan miya

Farkon ciyarwa ana yin sa ba tare da wata ɗaya da rabi ba bayan farkon abin da ya faru na yawancin seedlings. A lokacin dormancy, shuka ba ya bukatar hadi.

Yin daskarewa da dasawa

Idan kana son samun itacen daji mai lush na fure tare da fure mai dumbin yawa, to, ana yin yankan matasa ne saboda wannan, a saman ganye na biyu ko na uku. Tabbatar a tsabtace iri-iri iri na kullun. An dasa furanni Achimenes a farkon bazara. Ana sanya rhizomes (rhizomes) a cikin tukunya mai fadi tare da kyakkyawan malalewa. Bayan murfin tare da jakar filastik ko gilashi, har sai sabon harbe ya bayyana.

Siffofin furanni masu fure

Kyakkyawan fasalin furen, saboda abin da yawancin lambu ke ƙaunarsa, shine tsawon lokacin fure, wanda aka lura a duk lokacin girma, da sauƙi na namo.

Lokacin aiki da hutawa

A lokacin zagayowar shekara, Achimenes ya ratsa matakai da yawa na ci gaba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa kulawa da namowa a lokuta daban-daban na shekara zasu zama daban. A cikin duka, an bambanta shekaru 2 na kasancewar fure Achimenes juaregia.

Lokacin aiki

Achimenes fure yana da tsawo, a gida yana iya yin fure sau biyu a cikin lokaci daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. Furen furanni na farko yawanci yana bayyana a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon lokacin bazara. A wannan lokaci, inji yana da fure blous profusely da haske. Lokaci na biyu na fure yana faruwa a cikin kaka kuma ba a faɗi. Furanni masu bushe sun bushe don suyi haɓaka sabbin furanni.

Lokacin hutawa

Achimenes yana da lokacin da zai iya faɗi, wanda zai fara kusan ƙarshen ƙarshen Oktoba. Bayan duk furanni sun faɗi, shuka yana bushewa kaɗan, kuma tushen yana cike da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, suna shirya don hunturu. A lokacin bacci, fure ya kamata ya sami kulawa ta dace, wanda ya ƙunshi iyakancewar ruwa, haske mara ƙima da kuma kula da yawan zafin jiki tsakanin 16-18 ℃ sama da sifilin. Yana da mahimmanci cewa shuka ba ta farka ba kafin lokaci. Idan wannan har yanzu ya faru, to za a tura tukunyar zuwa wani wuri mai haske ko kuma ƙasa mai buɗewa.

Achimenes fure zai kasance mai yawa kuma zai yiwu muddin yakamata lokacin pinching na tukwicin matasa. Ana yin aikin ne lokacin da seedling bai wuce 2.5 cm ba.

Iri da siffar furanni

A lokacin aiki, kyawawan furanni masu kararrawa da ke kama da siffofin sabon abu da launi mai ban mamaki mai ban mamaki sun bayyana akan mai tushe na shuka. Inflorescence yana da tsari mai tsawo har zuwa 5 cm da kofin, wanda ya ƙunshi ruwan wukake 5. Furannin furanni waɗanda ke fitowa akan harbe suna iya zama talakawa ko biyu, a sarari, tabo ko taguwar. Ya danganta da nau'ikan shuka, furanni na iya samun wannan launi:

• reds;
• fari
• shuɗi;
• shuɗi
• murjani
• rawaya;
• m.

Furanni irinsu mutanen Mexico suna da ban sha'awa, waɗanda ke da launuka masu launin shuɗi hade da farin wuya. Sassanannin gefuna na inflorescence galibi suna da takaddama mai mahimmanci.

Hanyoyin yada fure

A dasa dashi yake yin kowace shekara. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da hanyar a farkon makon Disamba. A gida, ana aiwatar da namo Achimenes a cikin ɗayan nau'ikan biyu: ta amfani da tsaba ko ta hanyar katako.

Noma

Noma

Mafi sauki, amma hanya madaidaiciya don dasa shukar fure. Tsaba suna cikin gidaje masu launin kore wadanda suka kasance suna rataye a kan mai tushe bayan lokacin furanni ya ƙare. Kafin shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa, dole ne su yi 'yan watanni 2. Bayan haka, a watan Fabrairu-Maris, ya kamata ku yi waɗannan:

• Ka tara tsaba ka shuka su a cakuda yashi da ciyawar ganye. Ba kwa buƙatar yayyafa a saman.
• Danshi cikin ƙasa ta amfani da kwalban fesa.
• Sanya tukunya tare da shuka a cikin wani wuri mai duhu kuma rufe tare da fim ko gilashi.
• Createirƙiri yanayin yanayi mai kyau. Domin tsaba su shuka, zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 22-24 ℃.

Yin amfani da ƙananan ruwa, bayan kwanaki 15-20, ana lura da bayyanar farkon tsirarwa. Bayan wannan, ana shuka tsiron.

Yankan

Ana amfani da wannan hanyar haifuwa sosai da wuya, tunda sau da yawa ana lalata itace. A lokacin rani, lokacin da sabbin harbe suka fito, an yanke dabarun a hankali daga garesu, sa’annan aka sanya su cikin yashi mai laushi hade da ƙasa. Don tushen tushe, an sanya su cikin ruwa, amma a wannan yanayin yiwuwar lalacewar yana ƙaruwa sosai. Bayan dasa shuki a cikin yashi, an rufe su da gilashi ko fim.

Don shuka ya fara da sauri sosai kafin dasa shuki, ana ba da shawarar a bi da shi tare da tushen ƙarfafawa (Kornevin, Heteroauxin). Hakanan, ƙananan dumama zai taimaka don hanzarta aiwatar da tushen.

Matsaloli masu tasowa, cututtuka da kwari

Achimenes, kulawa da haɓaka wanda ba ya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari, yana da wuyar halaka. Yin watsi da ka'idodi don kulawa ba shi da daraja, saboda inji na iya ƙi Bloom, yana rasa kayan adonsu. Sabon shiga har ma da gogaggen furannin ƙasa na iya fuskantar matsaloli:

• M aibobi tare da ramuka a cikin ganyayyaki. Suna faruwa lokacin da ake yin amafani da ruwa mai tsauri ko wuya don ban ruwa.
• Twist ganye, fadowa buds tun kafin su bude. Sanadin zafin shine wuce kima.
• Blackening, creeping aibobi a kan mai tushe. Zan iya samar da saboda yawan ruwa a hade tare da karancin zazzabi.
• Dogaye da bakin ciki mai tushe tare da kananan ganye, tsaka-tsakin tsakanin da ya kai girma mai girma. Ana lura da matsalar tare da karancin haske.

A mafi yawan cututtuka da na kowa:

• Fusarium An kwatanta shi da lalata ganyayyaki da harbe. Jiyya yana kunshe da cire sassan da ke cikin shuka, lura da tushen tare da cirewar Maxim da kuma dasawa a cikin sabon canzawa, wanda a baya aka bi da shi tare da maganin potassiumgangan. An dasa shuka.
• Hankalin ringi. Yana haɗuwa tare da samuwar launuka masu haske akan ruwannifin ganye, waɗanda a hankali suka samo launin launin ruwan duhu. Don kawar da matsalar, yanke ganyen da ya shafa sannan kuma sake dasa shukar a wuri mai zafin rana.

Cutar da kwari

Don warkar da furannin achimenez, kulawar gida ya kamata ya zama daidai. Wani lokacin shuka yakan shafi kwari kamar su aphids, m gizo-gizo, thrips da mealybugs. Ana amfani da kwari don magance kwari masu cutarwa. Karkashin dukkan ka'idoji don kulawa da girma, furen zaiyi farin ciki tare da fure mai alatu na rabin shekara.