Rhododendrons furannin furanni ne na ado na dangin Heather, sun hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 600 na nau'ikan dishilai da kullun. Rhododendrons ya isa zuwa gidajen lambuna na duniya daga China, Japan, da Korea; wasu nau'ikan halittu suna girma a cikin Caucasus, Arewacin Amurka, da Ostiraliya. A
A shekara ta 1854, yayin yawon shakatawa na jirgin ruwan Pallas zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya, jami'in sojan ruwa Alexander Yegorovich Schlippenbach ya gano wani nau'in yanke hukunci tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi, wanda daga baya ya zama harsashin gwal na zinare a duniya da karɓar sunansa.
Rhododendron na Schlippenbach zai yi ado da lambun tare da ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi
Bayanin halittu
Dangane da bayanin Botanical, rliodendron na Schlippenbach yana da furanni masu kararrawa masu girman gaske wanda ke da nauyin 8-15 cm ba wuya, galibi ana tattara su a cikin bangarori 3-6, wasu lokutan suna fure kafin ganye. A cikin nau'ikan zamani, babban launi na fure shine launin ruwan hoda mai shuɗi, mai cike da ruwan hoda, fararen ruwan hoda, ƙwalƙwalwa mai laushi, carmine mai taushi, farin tare da ɗigon launuka masu launin shuɗi a gindi.
Lokacin furanni a Yankin Moscow yana farawa a tsakiyar Mayu, a Latvia da Finland a ƙarshen Mayu da farkon Yuni kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki 14-20, to, an kafa akwatuna tare da ƙananan tsaba.
Mahimmanci! Rhododendrons tsire-tsire ne mai guba saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da neurotoxin, don haka ba za ku iya yin shayi ba, shirya infusions da kayan ado na furanni da ganyayyaki bushe.
An samu nasarori masu kyau a cikin zaɓi da haɓakar rhododendrons a Jami'ar Helsinki, a cikin lambun Botanical wanda akwai tarin tsirrai tare da tsananin tsananin hunturu, kuma Jami'ar Helsinki ta bambanta yanayin sanyi har zuwa -40 ° C.
Grade "Jami'ar Helsinki"
Tushen Tushen
A cikin yanayin, dajin Schlippenbach rhododendron shine karami a tsayi har zuwa 60 cm, kuma yana zaune akan busassun dutsen na tsaunuka, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiransa Alpine fure. An samo mafi kyawun samfurori na 2-3 m a gefunan gandun daji tare da kasa mai faɗi sosai. Rhododendron tushen daskararru ne a zurfin 6-10 cm tare da babban adadin ƙananan asalin tsotsa. Saboda haka, al'ada ba ta yarda da bushewa daga ƙasa ba.
Ganga da ganyayyaki
Kara da kuma reshen Schlippenbach na rhododendron an fallasa su, kuma wani ganyen fure mai hade da kyawawan launuka mai laushi mai laushi ko kadan yana cikin saman. Itace baya bambanta cikin saurin girma, a cikin kakar daya yana girma da 4-10 cm kuma a shekaru 10 tsayinsa bai wuce 1 m ba.
Schlippenbach Rhododendron daji a 10
Bambanci daga wasu nau'in halittu
Bambance-bambance daga rhododendron na gajeran itace, Daurian, Kamchatka da sauran nau'ikan sune kamar haka:
- manyan furanni;
- ganye suna fadi don hunturu;
- lokacin sanyi daga -26 ° C da ke ƙasa;
- m shoot girma.
Duk abubuwan da ke sama sune kyawawan kaddarorin nau'ikan kuma suna nuna cewa ana iya dasa shi a cikin lambun ku.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Sake bugun rhododendrons mai yiwuwa ne ciyayi da iri. Don adana nau'ikan halaye, ana amfani da daskararru da dasa tushe. Don mahimmancin kiwo sabon iri-iri ko matasan, ana shuka tsaba a cikin jinsin da ake so.
Hanyar Kayan lambu
Otsan buɗe ido na tsawon makonni 3-4 suna ba da tushe a cikin abin da ke cike da peat, humus daga allura da yashi, wanda aka ɗauka rabin gwargwadon sauran kayan. Don tushen, zaka iya ɗaukar firam na harbe ba tare da rarraba rassan ba. Suna dasa fiye da yadda ake yanka guda ɗaya.
Harba saman don tushen
Yanayin Zazzabi
Otsan itace da tumatir na iya yin tushe a ƙarshen bazara a cikin ƙasa a cikin bude ko a cikin greenhouse a watan Fabrairu. Matsakaicin iska mai kyau don tushen shine 16-24 ° C, gumi iska ya kusan kusan 100%. Idan a cikin hunturu yana da wuya a kula da irin wannan zazzabi a cikin shinkafa, ya ishe cewa substrate yana dumama har zuwa 10-12 ° C.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Za'a iya raba ganyen daga 5 zuwa 15 cm tsayi a cikin watan Agusta a cikin layuka a kan gado tare da nisan 15-20 cm, tsakanin yankuna 8-10 cm. Ana yin ruwa yau da kullun, yana yiwuwa a yafa. A cikin kore, ana amfani da dasa ganga. An binne yankan gilashi a cikin gilashin tare da cakuda 2-3 cm kuma an rufe shi da gilashin gilashin ko filastik filastik.
Rooting da cuttings a cikin wani akwati
Ana fitar da tsire-tsire a kowace rana don mintuna 30 zuwa 40, ƙasa a cikin akwati an kwance ɗanɗana don kauce wa haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta. Alamar cin nasarar tushen itace farkon ci gaban sabbin ganye akan harbin.
Breech yaduwa
Rhododendron ya sauƙaƙe don yaduwar ganye a cikin lambu. Don yin wannan, bayan fure, zaɓi ƙananan ƙananan rassan da ke ƙasa, tanƙwara su a ƙasa kuma pin su da ƙanana da waya don thean da ke tare da harbe harbe yana ƙasa. Yayyafa tare da peat a saman, moisturize kowane kwanaki 4-5. A cikin kaka, an yanke harbi tare da secateurs daga uwar shuka da haƙa sama don kada su lalata tushen sa.
Zabi da shiri na saukowa shafin
Zabi wani wuri don rhododendron, inda za a shuka daji guda ɗaya ko rukuni na tsire-tsire akan wurin, tambaya ce mai wuya, tunda tsire-tsire zai yi girma a wuri guda na shekaru 20-30 ko sama da haka. Bugu da kari, yana da wahala ka shuka wadannan tsirrai. Ba sa son faɗuwar rana, a wannan yanayin da ganye zai iya ɗaukar launin ruwan launin ruwan kasa.
Ya kamata a kiyaye wurin daga iska mai karfi da kuma matsewar ruwan narkewa. Idan ƙasa bata yarda ruwa ya ratsa ta sosai ba, ana buƙatar magudanar ruwa a gindin daji.
Kula! Soilasan yakamata ta sami amsawar acidic tare da pH na 5-6
A cikin sharuddan yanke shawara, bushes suna da kyan gani musamman idan aka dasa su a wasu nesa daga juna ta fuskoki masu launuka iri daban daban a bangon wata ciyawar Emerald.
Dokokin saukarwa
Dasa rami ya yi sau 2 fiye da girman tushen tsarin seedling. Idan ƙasa a shafin shine alkaline, ya zama dole a shirya rami har ma ya fi girma, kamar a ƙarƙashin gandun daji. Sanya gefuna tare da takaddun filastik kuma cika ramin tare da wani yanki na peat da ƙasa acid, yana barin 15-20 cm a saman. An sanya daji a tsakiyar ramin, daidaita tushen kuma ya yi barci a cikin ƙasa mai acidic. Bayan an kammala, ana shafa su a hankali tare da soles, a shayar dasu, sannan a mulched da kwakwalwan katako ko peat.
Yadda ake kulawa da furen lambun rhododendron
Kulawar Shuka ya ƙunshi kamanni da girki, shayarwa da takin ƙasa, shinge bushes don hunturu da kariya daga daskararren bazara.
Takin
A cikin bazara, don tayar da haɓaka da fure a ƙarƙashin bushes, suna ba da takin nitrogen-phosphorus Ammophos 30-40 g zuwa da'irar-kusa, bayan cire ciyawa. A watan Agusta, 20 g na superphosphate da 30 g na potassium sulfate ana kara su a cikin hanyar. Don haɓaka kayan ado na ganye yayin kakar girma, ana bada shawarar yin ɗakunan miya tare da gidaje tare da microelements.
Mai jan tsami
A cikin shekara ta biyu ko ta uku na dasa, matasa bushes bukatar formative pruning. Zaɓi tsinken tsakiyar ƙarfe 40-45 cm tsayi kuma yanke saman sa. A lokacin bazara, ya fara bayar da yawancin harbe-harbe a kaikaice, tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, yana samun kyakkyawan tsari mai yadawa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, an rage yawan kayan kwantar da hankali zuwa tsabta. Cire mazan tsofaffin rassan, da marasa lafiya da fashe fashe.
Rhododendron shiri don hunturu
A ƙarshen Satumba, an shirya abubuwan ɓoye abubuwa don rhododendrons, waɗanda daga baya aka rufe su da farin suturar abu. Tsire-tsire suna da tsawon lokacin ciyayi har zuwa kwanaki 200, kuma ba duk yankuna sun sami damar watsar da ciyawar ba kafin hunturu. Abunda ke faruwa yana faruwa a ƙasan mafaka. A cikin bazara, shuka yana farkawa da wuri kuma yana jefa buds, firam yana kare su daga sanyi, a ƙarƙashin masana'anta yana da isasshen haske.
Madauki
Cutar da kwari
Daga cikin cututtukan, bishiyar kayan ado na iya shafawa ta hanyar hoto ta hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri a cikin ganyayyaki masu ganyayyaki a kan ganye da hayayyafa, tracheomycosis da ƙarshen blight. Don magance waɗannan cututtukan, ana amfani da magungunan Fundazol, Strobi, Skor. Magungunan kwaroron kwayoyi waɗanda wani lokacin za su sauka a kan rhododendrons sune ƙwaƙwalwar gizo-gizo, ƙwayar sigari, garkuwar ƙwarin Acacia. A wannan yanayin, Aktara, Karate Zeon, Fufanon suna da tasiri.
Lambun rhododendron yana da kyau a cikin kambin fure! Ya isa a bi shawarwarin kan yadda ake shuka, girma da kuma kula da fure rhododendron, kuma tsirrai za su gamsar da ƙanshinsu.
