Rhododendron wani nau'in mashahurin mashahuri ne na irin shuka iri dake tsakanin yan lambu. Sunan wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: "rodon" yana nufin "fure", kuma "dendron" yana nufin itace. Furensa na iya yin ado da lambun da kuma ɗakin, kuma rashin kulawarsa mara ma'ana yana sa shuka ya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi ga sabon shiga. Amma yana da mahimmanci don sanin nuan abubuwa game da yadda ake shuka da girma rhododendron a cikin tsarin lambun.
Manyan dokokin ƙasa
Rhododendron shine tsire-tsire na daji mai kullun mallakar gidan dangin Vereskov. Kasancewa dangi yayi bayani game da kamfani na furanni na wannan daji tare da fure mai fure. Akwai nau'ikan rhododendron kusan 1000, daga cikinsu babu ciyayi kawai, har ma bishiyoyi da nau'in gida.
Blooming Rhododendron Nova Zembla
Dwarf iri na bushes, kamar yadda aka bayyana ta masoya fure, an samu nasarar girma a cikin gidaje, musamman akan baranda da loggias. Mafi sau da yawa, rhododendron yana kasancewa a matsayin itace a cikin filin shinge ko gidaje.
Gidan zai yi kyau rhododendron bonsai
Rhododendron dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara
A lokacin rani, ba a bada shawarar dasa bishiyar itace ba. M yanayi da zafin rana mai tsananin zafi shafi rayuwar rayuwa na shuka.
Idan kuna buƙatar dasa shuka a lokacin rani, yana da mahimmanci kuyi la'akari da dokoki da yawa:
- Shuka mai yiwuwa ne kawai makonni 2 bayan lokacin fure na rhododendron. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, tsintsiyar shuka daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, wanda ke nufin cewa lokacin da ya dace da dasa ya fara a watan Yuli.
- Zai fi kyau shuka daji a lokacin damina. Rigar yanayin zai cire hadarin seeding bushewa fita, taimaka shi tushe da sauri.
- Yana da mahimmanci don rufe tsire-tsire matasa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar taimakon zaɓe na ginin wurin ko tsari na alfarwa.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin rhododendron, zai fi kyau cire fure a kan seedling. A wannan yanayin, shuka zai ciyar da makamashi ba akan fure ba, amma a kan tushen tushe.
Rhododendron dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara
Masana suna ɗaukar bazara a matsayin mafi kyawun lokacin shekara don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ko kuma akasin haka, lokacin daga Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Mayu. Yana da mahimmanci a nan kada a jinkirta ba har sai furanni fara ɗaure a kan bushes.
Kula! Yana da mahimmanci cewa ƙasar ta riga ta ɗora. Babu wani yanayi da yakamata a dasa irin wannan Heather a daskararren ƙasa!
Wasu lokuta ana shuka rhododendron na yau da kullun a cikin fall, amma don ƙungiyar tsakiya yana da kyau a zaɓi bazara. Dole ne shuka ya samu lokacin yin tushe kafin sanyi, samun karfin gwiwa don hunturu.
Zai fi kyau dasa shuki shekaru 2-3 da haihuwa
Yaushe kuma yadda ake shuka rhododendrons a bude ƙasa
Irƙirar yanayi masu dacewa don wannan shuka na daji a cikin filin ya fi wahalar zama a cikin wani gida. Kuna buƙatar bin ka'idodin lokacin zabar wurin don haɓaka rhododendron, da lokacin don saukowa.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don saukowa
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana shuka busheshen fure a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara ko kaka. Amma yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar ba kawai kakar ba, har ma yanayin da ya dace.
Yanayin girgije mai duhu, ba tare da ruwan sama da iska ba, wanda zai kasance kwanaki da yawa bayan saukar ƙasa - manufa. Wannan zai samar da yanayin da ya zama dole kuma a ceci tsiron da yake dauke da fari daga bushewar kasar, hakan yana nufin zai sauqaqe aikin ga maigidan.
Don tunani! Flowerwararrun masu noman furanni na iya aiwatar da shuka da dasawa da rhododendron a duk tsawon lokacin girma sai dai lokacin furanni.
Zaɓin shafin
A yankin da ake shirin dasa shukar filayen fure, bai kamata ta kasance ta iska da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Kyakkyawan zaɓi zai zama wuri kusa da bango na ginin, a farfajiyar ko inuwa daga itacen tsayi.
A wannan yankin, inuwa itace take rufe gadajen fure fure.
Yadda ake ruwa
Ana yin kwaskwarimar ruwa da ruwa mai laushi. Rijiyar da ta dace sosai ko ruwan sama cikakke ne. Koyaya, bai kamata ya zama mai daskarewa don kada ya daskare tushen tsiro ba (yana da mahimmanci musamman a lura da wannan a farkon bazara).
Da kyau, idan shafin yana cika ganga. A wannan yanayin, ruwan zai sami lokaci don daidaitawa da zafi har zuwa zafin jiki mafi kyau, wanda yake da amfani wajen kula da wasu tsirrai.
Rhododendron fure ne mai son danshi. A kasar kusa da kada ta kasance bushe, in ba haka ba ganye zai fara rasa luster da elasticity. Da zaran ganye sun zama mara nauyi, kuna buƙatar shayar da shuka domin danshi ya wuce zuwa zurfin kusan 30 cm.
Rigar ko bushewa
Dangane da abubuwan da muka gabata, zamu iya yanke shawara cewa ƙasa don girma rhododendron ya kamata ya kasance da danshi a cikin matsakaici.
Yin ruwa na yau da kullun bazai isa yankuna m ba. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar shimfidar wuri mai lalacewa, wanda zai taimaka ba kawai don ɓoye shi ba, har ma don daidaita yanayin zafi. Kyakkyawan bayani zai zama don shigar da turntables na ruwa atomatik.
Amma m ruwa, kazalika da shafe tsawon lokaci ruwa sama sosai, na iya cutar da shuka. Idan yankin yana da ruwan sama mai yawan gaske da ruwa mai nauyi, yakamata kayi la'akari da kirkirar wani shuki ga shuka.
Saukowa daga rami da ƙasa
Don rhododendron, duka dokoki don dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, da kuma haɗin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci. Yakamata ya zama mai isa, isashshewar iska da ruwa.
Daga cikin abubuwan da suka dace don haɗawa da cakuda ƙasa, yana yiwuwa a rarrabe yashi, peat, ƙasa mai ganye, allunan conifer da haushi, peat. Idan yanki yana da gandun daji na coniferous, ƙasa daga can cikakke ne idan kun haɗa shi da peat a cikin adadi kaɗan.
Hankali! Babban mahimmanci shine acidity na ƙasa. Don rhododendron, pH ya kamata ya kasance a cikin raka'a 4.5-5.5.
Don bincika acidity, kuna buƙatar motsa ƙaramin ƙasa a cikin ruwa, tsoma gwajin dunƙule a ciki. Alamar da ake so ita ce launi ruwan lemo mai haske.
Haɓaka acidity na iya zama lahani ga tsirrai ta hanyar kamar citric acid, sorrel tincture ko vinegar.
Siyarwa ta PH
Bayani mai mahimmanci! Don Heather, ba za ku iya amfani da takin zamani, ash da farar ƙasa ba. Wadannan abubuwan haɗin suna ƙara girman matakin pH, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ya kamata ramin saitin ya kasance sau biyu a matsayin mai baƙar fata tare da tushen tsarin tsirrai, a zurfi - aƙalla 0.5 m. Ya kamata a saka magudanar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ramin, don wannan zai dace:
- m yashi;
- tsakuwa mai kyau;
- guntu na jan bulo;
- kuli-kuli;
- Pine haushi.
Tsarin lambatu ya kamata ya zama mafi girman ɗaukar ruwa na bazara. Wannan don hana sanya ruwa a cikin ruwa bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
Siffofin girma cikin yanayin canjin sanyi
Don yankuna masu sanyi (Siberiya, Urals, Far East) yana da kyau a zaɓi rhododendrons mai sanyi mai sanyi. Girma da kulawa da shuka a cikin gidan rani zai zama da sauƙi a wannan yanayin.
Iri masu dacewa:
- Fitilar Zinare;
- Turanci Roseum;
- Roseum Elegans;
- Nova Zembla;
- FGM Elite.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi game da yanayin sanyi shine shirya tsalle-gazebo akan shinge na lambu. A cikin gilashi ko ginin filastik, ba za ku iya dasa itace kawai ba, har ma ku dasa wasu nau'ikan furanni, sannan kuma saita bench da tebur don hutun bazara.
Yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da cewa a irin waɗannan yankuna, ana buƙatar dasa shuki a cikin bazara kawai, lokacin da shuka bai riga ya yi fure ba. Rhododendron dole ne ya sami lokaci don ɗauka kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.
A cikin hunturu, da bushes dole ne a rufe tare da na gargajiya lambu hanyoyin don kauce wa mutuwarsa a lokacin tsawo frosts. Yana da kyau a buɗe rhododendron bayan hunturu a cikin Maris, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
Wane shekara ne rhododendron ya yi fure bayan dasa shuki
Kayan lambu iri-iri na rhododendron na iya cika cikakkiyar fure shekara mai zuwa bayan dasawa. Dole ne a yanke fure ta farko (a cikin shekarar dasa shuki seedling) wanda ya sa shuka ta sake samun ƙarfi don haɓaka aiki da ci gaba.
Kula! Akwai wasu lokutan da wannan fure na fure yake lushly kuma yayi tsayi tsawon shekara guda, shekara ta biyu tayi tsalle, da sauransu. Don kauce wa wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar yanke madaidaiciyar inflorescences nan da nan. Wannan zai taimaka wa ruwan 'ya'yan itace na fure zuwa ruwan fure, ba wadanda suke mutuwa ba.
Me zaku iya hada rhododendron a cikin lambun fure
Lambun Rhododendron yana da mahimmanci don haɗuwa daidai tare da sauran tsire-tsire akan shafin. Tushen wannan shuka ana located in m a cikin ƙasa, suna da tsarin na sama. "Makwabta" yakamata su sami tushen tsarin. Wannan ya zama dole saboda duk tsire-tsire suna da isasshen abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa kuma basa saɓani da juna.
Kyakkyawan maƙwabta a cikin nau'i na daji shine rhododendron itacen oak, Pine ko larch. A gefe guda, rassan za su ba da sham ɗin da suka wajaba, a gefe guda - tsarin tushen zurfin su ba zai tsoma baki ba kuma ya kwashe abubuwan gina jiki na bishiyar. Kada ku dasa rhododendron kusa da Birch, Maple, Linden, chestnut.
Rhododendron da hydrangea kusa
Hydrangea shine shuki mai yanke hukunci wanda shine zaɓi na maƙwabta na al'ada don rhododendron daji. Ga lambun fure guda, nau'in hydrangeas na hucin da suka girma da kyau a cikin inuwa (Prekoks, Floribunda rawaya) sun dace.
A hade tare da rhododendrons, hydrangeas cika ɓacin fure a cikin rabin na biyu na bazara. Bugu da kari, yanayin kula da tsirrai iri daya ne. Iyakar abin da ake so shi ne barin kayan kyauta ga hydrangeas don dasa shuki na kaka.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Rhododendron shuka yana yaduwa ta hanyoyi guda uku: tsaba, farashi da yan itace. Hanyar iri tana ba ku damar samun tsire-tsire tare da ingantattun kaddarorin, amma suna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari. Za'a iya samun farkon fure kawai 5-6 bayan tsiro.
Mafi sau da yawa, wannan fure ana yada shi ta hanyar farawa:
- A cikin bazara, an zaɓi ƙaramin matasa tsere.
- An shirya tsagi tare da zurfin 15 cm, a cikin abin da aka sanya jefa a tsakiyar sashi.
- Ramin ya cika da ƙasa tare da peat.
- An ɗaure ɓangaren ɓangare na harba da fegiyar tsaye.
- A cikin bazara, ana yanke itace daga mahaifiyar shuka kuma a dasa shi zuwa sabon wuri.
Za'a iya binne shimfidar masu shimfiɗa ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen hanya da kwance - ya dogara da wane hanya ne mafi dacewa a wannan yankin.
Rooting layering
Yanke rhododendron yana faruwa kamar haka:
- An zaɓi rabin-lignified harbe, a yanka tare da tsawon 5-8 cm.
- An cire ganyaye a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren harbe, an sanya sare a cikin tushen mai kunnawa.
- Bayan sa'o'i 16 zuwa 20, ana sanya harbe a cikin ƙasa na peat da yashi, an rufe shi da ruwan sanyi.
- Varietiesa'idodin rarrabuwa suna ɗaukar tushe cikin watanni 1.5-2, evergreens cikin watanni 3-4.
Dasa dasa tushen yakamata a kasance tare da ƙasar da aka jefa bam ɗin ta.
Mai jan tsami
Kulawa da rhododendron ya hada da dabarar da shuka a bazara. Kuna buƙatar rabu da busassun rassan don cimma burin sake farfado da daji ta hanyar fure.
Ba lallai ba ne don samar da kambi na wannan shukar, tunda ita kanta tana da kamanninsu. Tare da taimakon pruning, zaka iya daidaita tsawo daga cikin daji ko yaduwar kambi.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yana da mahimmanci don yanke inflorescences fadada lokacin bazara a cikin lokaci.
Yadda za a canza wurin rhododendron zuwa sabon wuri
Tunda yana da wuyar kulawa da rhododendron sosai a tsakiyar latitude, tsire-tsire bazai sami irin wannan bayyanar mai haske a shekara mai zuwa ba. Wurin da bai yi nasara ba ko kuma sanyi mai sanyi na iya shafar girma da kuma tsari na fure fure.
Juyawa daga wani karamin shuka zai taimaka wajen gyara lamarin. Ana yin wannan a farkon lokacin bazara ko farkon faɗuwar rana. Yana da mahimmanci a zabi lokacin da yanayin yayi sanyi da iskar zafi.
Haske! Lokacin dasawa, zaku iya yiwa alamun rassan shuka zuwa wuraren kwalliya. Wannan zai taimaka wurin daidaita dajin a cikin sabon wuri don "sake ƙaura" ba shi da damuwa.
Kulawar furen hunturu
Kula da rhododendron bayan fure mai lush ya ƙunshi yawan ruwa a cikin yanayin bushewa. Farawa daga kaka, ba za a iya shayar da zazzabin huhun ruwa ba idan lokacin damina ya fara. A Nuwamba, zaku iya fara dumama bushes a tushen tare da m Layer na peat.
Don shuka don hunturu, dole ne a rufe tushen sa:
- wani yanki na spruce ko rassan Pine;
- daya ko biyu yadudduka na burlap.
Yana da mahimmanci don tsara matasa bushes daga iska. Wasu yan lambu suna gina bukatansu daga allon, allo da sauran kayan da ba za'a iya amfani dasu ba don hunturu. An cire rufin nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, a farkon bazara.
Wannan hanyar za ku iya dumama daji don hunturu
Matsaloli, cututtuka da kwari na fure
A cikin Heather bushes, yawancin kwari da cututtuka ana samun su sau da yawa. Hanyoyin magani an daɗe da sanin su, kuma har ma da masu girbi ba su da kwarewa za su iya ceton rhododendron daga mutuwa.
Hanyar Kula da Itace daga kwari:
- Gastropod kwari daga daji dole ne a tattara da hannu; Ana amfani da maganin Tiram don hana fitowar su.
- Diazinon ya lalata kwari, kwari gizo-gizo ko weevils. Kayan aiki yana aiki ba daji kawai ba, har ma da ƙasan ƙasa a ƙarƙashinta.
- Tare da taimakon Karbofos, sauran kwari sun lalace.
Lokacin amfani da waɗannan ko wasu hanyoyi, yana da mahimmanci a bi umarnin mai alaƙa. Cakuda sunadarai na iya cutar da wasu tsirrai a cikin lambun fure.
An kawar da cututtukan naman gwari ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Ana cire tsatsa da tabo ta amfani da cakuda Bordeaux.
- Lokacin da yellowness ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki saboda chlorosis, an ƙara chelate baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ruwan ban ruwa.
- Lokacin da ciwon daji ya faru, an yanke rassan da ya shafa gaba ɗaya ko zuwa wani yanki mai lafiya na nama.
Don hana cututtuka a farkon bazara da ƙarshen kaka, ana fesa itace tare da cakuda Bordeaux.
Haske! Mafi sau da yawa, wadanda tsire-tsire waɗanda babu isasshen yanayin yanayin tushen tsarin cutar da cutar.
A cikin lokuta masu tasowa, dasa daji zuwa sabon wuri da aka shirya sosai zai taimaka.
Kyakkyawan ado na lambu ko gidan rani zai zama rhododendron. Shuka da kulawa da wannan shuki na buƙatar ƙoƙari, amma lokaci da kuɗin da aka kashe gaba ɗaya suna biya tare da ɗanɗano da fure mai ƙanshi na watanni da yawa.
