Ba shi da kyau da kyau, mai ladabi, mai daɗi har ma da iska - duk wannan yana game da orchids, waɗanda suke da mashahuri sosai a cikin aikin lambu na gida. Amma ba mutane da yawa sun san yadda orchids ke girma a cikin yanayi lokacin da suka bayyana a Turai da kuma yadda suka zo yankin Rasha.
Yadda orchid yake girma a cikin yanayi
Ga mazaunan birni, orchids ana gabatar da su sau da yawa akan shelves, sill taga, ko a nune-nunen. Ga alama suna da kamala, suna girma a cikin gandun daji mai zafi na Amazon.
Orchids a cikin daji
A zahiri, orchid a cikin daji shine tsire-tsire na yau da kullun da ke da wuya wanda ya saba da kowane yanayi. Ana samun tsire-tsire kusan a cikin duniyar, a kowane yanki na yanayin zafi, ban da Antarctica. A ƙasar tsohuwar USSR, akwai kusan nau'ikan 49 na waɗannan tsirrai.
Babu shakka, ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, inda yanayi ya kirkiro yanayi mafi dacewa: ɗumbin zafi, watsawar iska, da kariya daga zafin rana.
Don bayani! A cikin wurare masu zafi, nau'in nau'in nau'in Epiphytic ya fi yawa, kuma a cikin yanayin yanayi mai cike da nau'in nau'in perennials tare da kyakkyawan haɓakar ƙwayar rhizome.
Inda orchids ke girma
A hankali, yanki na orchid girma ya kasu kashi hudu:
- rukunin farko sun hada da Amurka, Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, da sauran yankuna dake kusa da mai ba da damar. A cikin wannan yanayin yanayin, an ƙirƙira duk yanayi don haɓakar fure, don haka zaku iya haɗuwa da kowane nau'i na orchids a can;
- da yankuna masu wuya na Andes da duwatsun Brazil, yankin dukkan kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A wannan yanayin yankin, ba mai zafi sosai ba, amma yanayin zafi ya kasance mai yawa, saboda haka, kowane nau'in orchids shima ana samun shi anan. A nan ne mafi yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin daji ke tsiro;
- Bangaren yanayi na uku na fure fure ya hada da steppes da plateaus tare da rashin kyawun yanayi mai kyau sama da na dunun ko a ma'auni. Akwai nau'ikan ƙasa, ƙananan nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu ƙwaƙwalwa;
- A yanki na huɗu tare da yanayin dumin yanayi, mazaunin orchids bai zama kamar gama gari ba kamar sauran yankuna daban daban. Akwai 'yan restan nau'ikan ƙasa, sannan a taƙaitaccen lamba.
Yankin rarraba orchids yana da girma
Da farko ambaci
Yau a cikin gidan zaku iya shuka orchid ba tare da wahala ba, amma daga ina ya samo asali daga megacities? Ofasar asalin furen kanta ba a san takamaiman shi ba, amma ambaton farko ana samun shi ne a cikin rubutattun adabin kasar Sin, wanda aka tsara a cikin shekaru 500 BC. e. Dangane da asusun tarihi, sanannen malamin falsafa Confucius ya rubuta cewa ƙanshin fure yana kama da kalmomin ƙaunar zukata a cikin ƙauna.
Hakanan a cikin China, masana kimiyya sun samo rubutun wanda aka tsara a shekara ta 700 BC. e., wanda ke bayyana dalla-dalla yadda mai zane V. Mayu ya girbi fure a cikin ƙaramin tukunya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, mutane a duk duniya sun koya game da wannan fure mai ban mamaki, kyakkyawa, ƙanshinta da kaddarorin magani.
Amma, tabbas, mafi kyawun sunan don fure an ba shi ta tsohuwar Greek Theophrastus, masanin falsafa da tunani, tun da ya samo wata itaciya da pseudobulbs, ya kira shi "Orchis". Fassara daga yaren tsoffin Helenawa, wannan ana fassara shi da "ƙaranci". Kuma duk wannan ya faru a cikin karni na 300. B e.
Farkon ambaton orchid da aka yi rikodin a China
Tsarin rayuwa
Duk da gaskiyar cewa orchids sun bambanta a cikin iri da nau'in halitta, yanayin rayuwarsu yana da tsawo - a matsakaici, daga shekaru 60 zuwa 80. Amma masu dadewa kuma ana samun su a yanayi, wanda shekarunsu zasu iya wuce ɗari da ɗari, kuma ba lallai ba ne a haɓaka irin waɗannan gidajen.
A lokaci guda, da tsire-tsire ne unpretentious kuma quite saukarwa. Ba sa jin tsoron canjin zafin jiki, kuma rashin hasken, akasin haka, ana tsinkaye don abu mai kyau.
Kula! Tun daga zamanin tsohuwar kasar Sin, an girma a cikin gidajen magabata, masu wucewa ta hanyar gado, wanda kuma ke nuna tsawon orchids.
Yaushe kuma ta yaya aka kawo farkon shuka zuwa Turai
An shigo da Orchid zuwa Turai a karni na 18, lokacin da matuƙan jirgin ruwa suka gano sabbin tsibirai da filaye. Daga nan ne aka kawo wannan ciyawar mai arzikin aristocracy. Akwai ma labari cewa Ingilishi ɗaya mai lafiya ya karɓi kwayar cutar ciyayi ta Octo a matsayin kyauta. Amma hankali da kulawa da ta dace ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ta zo rayuwa kuma ta girma.
Don bayani! Wannan lamari ne da ake la'akari da farawa a Ingila don salon orchid, kuma daga baya a Turai.
Idan muka yi magana game da inda aka kawo fure daga Rasha, ya fito ne daga Turai a farkon karni na 19. Kuma sanannen kamfanin Sandler ne ya aikata hakan. An gabatar da fure ga Sarkin Rasha da kansa da iyalinsa.
Don haka, a cikin 1804, har ma an buga littafi game da lamuran kulawa da haɓaka, yaduwar orchids. Misali, an bayyana wata fure a cikin littafin, wacce aka mai suna da girmamawa ga matar babban jikan orchidophile a Rasha, K. Engelhard.
Yunkuri na biyu na shahararren fure a Rasha shine ake kira lokacin bayan yaƙi, lokacin da aka kawo fure mai fure daga Jamus, inda aka girma musamman a cikin gidajen kore na Goering. Dukkanin tsire-tsire sun kasance masu daraja an canza su zuwa Lambun Botanical na Moscow.
Phalaenopsis orchid a cikin yanayin halitta akan bishiya
A cewar takardun hukuma, Phalaenopsis orchid na farko ya zo Turai a farkon karni na 18. Phalaenopsis a cikin yanayi ya ba da ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa ga masu binciken, bayan haka ya ƙare a cikin gidajen mutane da yawa masu sha'awar tsire-tsire masu baƙon abu.
Kyawun ta yana mamakin mutane da yawa, kuma masu noman fure suna yin ƙoƙari da yawa don haɓaka a cikin gidajen katako, amma duk sun sha wahala kuma sun gaza. Amma bayan ƙarni da rabi kawai, wannan nau'in orchid da ke girma akan bishiya ya bayyana a kan windows masoya da masu sha'awar wannan fure mai ban mamaki.
Mahimmanci! Don haɓakar wannan nau'in orchid, zazzabi da yanayin da ya dace suna da mahimmanci. Amma ingantaccen greenhouse ba zai taimaka a nan ba, tun da shuka tana buƙatar yawan gudanawar iska.
Phalaenopsis orchid a cikin yanayin halitta akan bishiya
A zahirin halitta, babu wanda ya kware wajan haifuwar wannan nau'in; suna girma da haifuwa da kansu. A cikin tsaunukan teku, ana iya samo su a kusan kowane kusurwa, suna iya rataye daga kowane yanki wanda za ku iya magance tushen kawai. A cikin ganyen ganyayyaki kanta, hakika an fasa farfaɗo, wanda akan kowane fure ko tsaba za'a same shi.
Tushen tsarin Epiphytes yana da iko, yana da wasu kazamai wanda damshi da abubuwan gina jiki suke tarawa. Yankin ci gaban da yafi dacewa shine tsibiri, lokacin da yanayin yanayi na ma'adanin fure yake, launuka masu kyau da sifofi, ƙirƙirar yanayi na yanayi, zazzabi da zafi, dumin haske.
Mahimmanci! Wannan tsiro shima yana kan bishiya, amma baya cikin jinsin parasitic.
A cikin yanayin halitta, wannan nau'in orchid ya dace da rayuwa ba tare da ƙasa ba, yana amfani da bishiyoyi da vines a matsayin tallafi, suna shawa tare da taimakon taimakon danshi da abubuwan gina jiki. Amma irin wannan tandem ba ya ware da gaskiyar cewa phalaenopsis na iya yin girma a kan tsaunin tsaunuka, da kuma cikin mahimmin dutse. Babban abu shine yawan danshi.
Kwatanta ciyawar daji da na gida
Samfuran gida na iya zama ba kawai waɗanda ke girma a cikin yanayin halitta ba, nau'in matasan ma ana bred. Yawancin lokaci sune sakamakon dogon salo da aikin mai shayarwa.
Plusari da haka, halayen da ke kasancewa na fure ba za a iya samin su a gida a cikin gidaje da gidaje ba. Tun da farko, masu son waɗannan furannin sun kirkiro yanayin kusancinsu ne na halitta don abin da ke ciki da haɓaka fure, amma aikin mawuyaci ne. Saboda haka, shayarwa a hankali suka haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan da ba su da ƙarancin sharuɗan, za su iya jin daɗi a cikin ɗakin.
Kula! A yau, a cikin gidaje da gidaje zaka iya samun nau'ikan orchids waɗanda suka dace da kada su yi girma a kan bishiyoyi, amma a cikin ƙasa. Kuma an ƙimanta su da kyakkyawa da ƙyamar rubutu.
Tare da wannan, nau'in orchid na gida suna da takaitaccen tsarin rayuwa. Kuma idan a cikin yanayin rayuwar orchid ta bambanta tsakanin shekaru 60-80, ko ma 100, to nau'in matasan gida suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 8-10.
Wani bambanci tsakanin orchids na gida da waɗanda ke tsiro a cikin yanayin halitta shine ciyawa da fure mai yawa. Sau da yawa, furanni na gida suna fitar da ciyawar fure a kusan duk shekara, lokacin da orchids daji yayi fure kawai a lokacin rani.
Bambanci tsakanin gida da ciyayi na daji
A cikin yanayin yanayin daji don ci gaban wannan fure mai ban mamaki, zaku iya samun adadin orchids masu yawa - asali da sabon abu, yayin da wasu zasu iya zama iri ɗaya ga nau'ikan gidaje. Amma, ko da kuwa suna dabbobin gida ne ko kuma samfuran daji, dukkansu suna da matukar kyau, kuma yawancinsu suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Ana amfani dasu koda a magani da kuma maganin kwaskwarima.
Don haka, orchid yana girma kusan ko'ina cikin duniyar, inda akwai halayen da suka dace da shi. Babban zafi da zazzabi, yalwar haske - kuma a nan gaban mai girbi wata halitta ce mai ban al'ajabi da hannayen botanists.
