Fassara daga tsohuwar Girka ta thuja tana nufin "bishiyar rayuwa." Me yasa ta jawo hankalin masana ilmin halitta, likitoci, masu zanen kaya, turare da kuma sauran lambu? Da farko dai, karbuwa ne ga muhalli. Thuja na iya yin girma a cikin fadama, a cikin kwari, tare da kogunan kogunan tuddai, yana dacewa da ƙasa don ƙasa mai wadatar dutsen a cikin dutsen da kuma matalauta podzolic. Bugu da kari, wannan itaciya tana zaune tsawon lokaci, shekarunta na iya wuce shekaru dari dari uku. An san Thuja a cikin Turai tun karni na 16, kuma a cikin Rasha an fara saukar da shi a farkon karni na 19. a cikin Crimea, a cikin Lambunan Botanical na Nikitsky. Masu sha'awar farko sun yaba da kyawawan kayanta ba kawai, wanda aka kiyaye duk shekara. Manya masu mahimmanci suna nan a cikin allura, waɗanda aka daɗe ana yin amfani da su a magunguna da turare.
Fasali da nau'ikan
Thuja ta kasance ne daga gidan janareto na gidan Juniper. Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada da cypress, sequoia, taxium. Tsire-tsire masu wannan dabi'ar, a matsakaita, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 150, amma wani lokacin mafi yawa.
Kyawun daji a duk shekara
Thuja yana wakiltar bishiyoyi da tsirrai. Matasa tsirrai suna da allura mai laushi, allura mai laushi mai laushi, kuma manya suna da sikeli, mai koren kore. A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne oblong kananan Cones tare da lebur tsaba. Suna girma a farkon shekara.
Don bayani! An san nau'ikan nau'ikan 120 waɗanda suka bambanta launuka da tsarin abubuwan allura, girman da nau'in rawanin.
Yammaci - nau'in da aka fi sani
Duk iri daban-daban sun kasu kashi biyar:
- Yankin yammacin thuja shine mafi yawan nau'ikan siffar mazugi. Rashin daidaituwa da hunturu-Hardy, ya dace da aikin lambu. Yana da tsari da yawa;
- folded thuja. Yana jure yanayin hunturu mafi muni, harbe-harbe matasa suna daskarewa a lokacin sanyi, amma sannu a hankali an sake dawo da allurai;
- Gabashin gabashin ya dace da yankuna kudu. A cikin layin tsakiya wajibi ne don rufe shi;
- Jafananci Ya fi son gauraye gandun daji ko tsaunuka. Bishiya mai tsaurin sanyi, mara misalai, tana jure tsawon fari.
- Yaren mutanen Korea - wani shuki mai kambi tare da kambi mai yada tare da manyan rassa da allurai masu laushi, maras nauyi. Sunan na biyu shine thuja creeping. Aka shigo da shi kawai a yankuna na kudanci.
Thuja Jafananci, sanyi-resistant da unpretentious
Yadda ake shuka thuja: haihuwa
Yankin Thuja yana faruwa duka a cikin hanyar ciyawar da ta saba da kuma ta tsaba. Ba shi da wahala ka shuka shi, amma bai kamata ka yi watsi da ka'idodin dasa shuki ba. Yawancin tsire-tsire ana yin yaduwa ne kawai ta hanyar ciyawar, wanda masanan ilmin sun hada da rarraba daji da bishiyoyi.
Farfagandar ta yanke
An shirya yankan a watan Yuni daga mai tushe mai shekaru 2-3 mai tushe. Semi-lignified mai tushe na wannan shekara ma sun dace. Dole ne a yanke yankan a hankali tare da diddige, bayan an bi da shi da maganin heteroauxin. Ya kamata a dasa yankan zuwa zurfin 15-25 cm.Hallolin haɗakar da ake buƙata: peat, ƙasa turf da yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1. Duk abin an zubar da shi tare da bayani na potassiumganganate. An ƙirƙiri tasirin ƙwayar shinkafa don rike ta rufe shi da fim ɗin filastik. Fita kuma ka taurara kawai bayan cikakken tushen.
Kula! Don hunturu, ana rufe tsire-tsire tare da rassa ko rassan spruce. Lokacin da daskarewa yanayin zafi za'a iya rufe shi da fim.
Tsarin iri
Wannan babban tsari ne, wanda zai dauki shekaru 3-5. Kawai 'yan sabbin tsaba da aka girbe sune aka shuka. Tsaba suna sanyaya a cikin kaka, inda ake ajiye su har sai lokacin bazara. Sown a cikin ƙasa buɗe zuwa zurfin 0.5 cm a cikin wurin da aka rufe. Za a zuba farantin bakin ciki na ƙoshin saman, ya fi conifers.
Dole ne a kula sosai don tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ta kasance sako-sako, danshi da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Lokacin da harbe ya bayyana, ya kamata a mulkar gado da peat kuma an zubar dashi tare da ma'adinan ma'adinai sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2. Matsakaicin girma, wanda ya girma don hunturu, an sake rufe shi da rassan spruce da tsare. A cikin bazara, an fara kula da kulawar tsiro.
Mahimmanci! Sai kawai a shekara ta uku, lokacin da tsawan thuja ya kai rabin mita, ana iya watsa shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Thuja: dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin budewa
Za'a iya dasa shuki Thuja duka a cikin bazara da kaka. Amma bazara ne wanda ake fin so (daga Afrilu 20-25 zuwa Mayu 15-20), tunda a lokacin bazara ne tushen tsarin ƙuruciya zai sami ƙarfi kuma ba za su ji tsoro ba.
Seedling shirye don dasa
Mahimmanci! Yadda za a shuka thuja da yadda za a zabi wurin da ya dace a kan shafin, kuna buƙatar kulawa da kyau. Duk da unpretentiousness, inji yana son haske, amma ba ya tsayayya da haskoki mai haske. Rana mai tsakar rana tana bushe shukar ɗakin, wanda hakan yasa barnatar da lokacin hunturu. Ba Ya son thuja da drafts.
Yadda za a shuka thuja a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara
Bayan zabar wani wuri, an tono rami mai narkar da nisan kusan 1 m. Tushen ƙwaƙwalwar yabanya ya kamata ya shiga cikin ramin don 15-20 cm ya kasance zuwa gindin ƙasa. Dyasar Sodah tare da ƙari da yashi da peat kuma sun dace.
Kula! Idan wannan tsire-tsire ne na ɗan ƙarami, kuma dunƙarar ƙurar mahaifa ba ta kafa ba, to, kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar rage tushen tsarin cikin cakuda yumɓu da ruwa (daidaitaccen kirim mai tsami).
An saita seedling a tsakiyar ramin, Tushen tushen thuja an daidaita, ramin ya cika da cakuda ƙasa.
Idan shuka ya yi girma, to, tushen tsarin daga tukunya yana tafiya da dunƙule na ƙasa ya nitse cikin rami. Tushen wuyan thuja ya kamata ya zama sama da matakin ƙasa. Don haka yakamata a hankali a zazzage duniya a kusa da seedling, zuba ruwa mai yawa, ƙara tushe a ciki. Bayan shayar da ruwa a kan ƙasa, kuna buƙatar zuba Layer ciyawa (takin, peat) don ƙarin kariya daga tushen tushen a cikin kwanaki masu wahala. Shuka ta Thuja a cikin bazara ta fi dacewa da ci gabanta da samuwar ta.
Mahimmanci! Ciyawa kada ya faɗi a kan ƙananan rassan kuma ya rufe akwati, in ba haka ba itaciyar na iya lalacewa.
Yadda za a zabi seedlingsanyen da aka yi da shirye-shiryen, ko don me ya fi kyau a tuntuɓar wuraren jinya
Kuna buƙatar siyan guda ɗaya tare da rufaffiyar tsarin tushen a cikin akwati. Zai iya zama dunƙule na dunƙulen da aka nannade cikin burlap. Kada shuka ya yi kunshin, ya fashe harbe da alamun cutar. Dasa shuka da haɓaka seedling zai zama da sauƙi idan kun saya a cikin ɗakin kulawa na musamman, inda kwararru ke yin kulawa. Hakanan zaka iya samun umarnin mataki-mataki akan saukowa.
Zai fi kyau girma thuja daga ƙaramin tsire-tsire, saboda yana ɗaukar tushen da kyau. Ya danganta da iri-iri da kuma yanayin, thuja mai ɗaukar hoto zai iya girma ta hanyar 1-1.5 a cikin shekaru 5-6. Dwarfs yayi girma a hankali. Wani muhimmin yanayin shine takin ƙasa da kyau.
Zinare na Zinare, allura ta zinariya
Iri dake saurin girma suna cikin buƙatu na musamman:
- Brabant. Colonu-dimbin yawa thuja, wanda yake girma kowace shekara da 25-35 cm sama da 7-15 cm a fadin. Tana da manyan allunan da aka sassaka kayan kamfani na malachite. Dusar ƙanƙara ce, mai-saurin girma, yawancin lokuta ana amfani da ita a ƙirar ƙasa;
- Brabant na Zinare. Tana da launi da allura na zinariya;
- Kolumna. Narrowaƙƙarfan rawanin columnar, shekara-shekara zuwa sama yana daɗaɗin 30-40 cm da kuma faɗin kusan cm 5. Yawancin shine hunturu-Hardy;
- Fastigiata. Colon-dimbin yawa da sauri-girma. Crohn ne kunkuntar-conical da columnar. Girma yakai kusan 30 cm a tsayi kuma 5 cm a fadin. Abubuwan allura suna koren duhu a launi, mai taushi tare da ƙanshin sakewa. Yin tsayayya da sanyi;
- thuja nada, ko giant. Yana ƙaruwa zuwa 25 cm a shekara. Abubuwan allura sun kasance kore mai duhu, mai haske, fararen tabo suna bayyane a jikin bangon shi. Tana da ƙanshin wuta mai kaifi. Hunturu-Hardy, amma baya jure zafin;
- Smaragd wani nau'in yammacin thuja ne. Tana da siffar kunkuntar-conical, kambi mai yawa. A iri-iri ne sanyi-resistant da kuma inuwa-m.
Mahimmanci! Wajibi ne a zabi irin shuka da aka yi niyya a yankin da za a dasa ta.
Thuja: yadda ake shuka da kulawa
Yadda sauri thuja zata girma ya dogara da kulawa da shi. M akai-akai, saman miya da pruning suna da mahimmanci ga tsirrai matasa. A seedlings bukatar a kwance da kuma sako. Tunda tushen tushe yana kan farfajiya, ya kamata a aiwatar da weeding a hankali a kusa da bishiyar babu zurfin zurfin 8-10 cm.
Yadda ake ciyar da thuja a bazara
A cikin bazara, dole ne a ciyar da shuka tare da takin ma'adinai. Yanzu ana sayarwa akwai magudanan ruwa masu daidaita waɗanda aka yi niyya ga wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda aka lalata da ruwa. Mafi shahararrun su shine tushen da agrecol.
Yadda za a datsa thuja kuma a samar da kambi
Ana yin girki a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki tare da secan tsaro. Zai fi kyau a yanka a lokacin rani, lokacin da aka yanke rassa da kuma rayayyun daji, kuma sai ya fara yin fure. Ana yin pruning na gaba a ƙarshen watan Agusta.
Askin gashin gashi na Thuja, ado na shukoki
Yadda za'a datse thuja? Fasaha mai sauƙi ce: yawanci samuwar yana farawa lokacin da shuka ya kai tsayin da ake so. Babu abin da ya wuce 1/3 na harbi da aka yanke.
Don bayani! Ana yin daskarewa yayin da thuja ke girma a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma ya fi dacewa daga bazara zuwa kaka.
Cututtuka na thuja da magani
Mafi sau da yawa, bishiyoyi suna fama da cututtuka masu zuwa:
- marigayi Blight. Alamomi: gangar jikin ya sami taushi daga ƙasa, bishiyar ta lalace, allura ta launin toka. Dalili: danshi yana yin tururi a cikin ƙasa kuma baya yin lambatu. Tushen rots. Ana iya rigakafin cutar ta hanyar shaka da fungicides. Ba batun magani ba;
- launin ruwan kasa harbe. Alamu: bayyanar launin rawaya na wasu sikeli a lokacin harbi. Bayan sun juya launin ruwan kasa sun mutu. Jiyya: a yanka hanyoyin da ke da cuta, za a ciyar da itaciyar da ƙwallon ƙafa da takin gargajiya na musamman. A lokacin rani, fesa tare da foundationazole;
- tsatsa da shute. Alamu: duhu da lalacewar allura. Jiyya: bi da tare da baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da-kashe-kumburi (HOM ko ruwa Bordeaux). Don rigakafin, yanke duk rassan mara kyau kuma ƙone su.
Thuja a cikin zane mai faɗi
Kwayoyin cuta ma suna kai hari ga itacen. Mafi sau da yawa, thuja da abin ya shafa ya canza launin shuɗi, abin da yawa ba su san abin da za su yi a wannan yanayin ba. Dalilin haka na iya zama th -ja mole-mottled ko kuma garkuwa na karya, wanda ke washe sashin da ke sama. A cikin tsarin kula da kwaro, kuna buƙatar fesa tare da karbofos, actelik. Ana bada shawarar sarrafa abubuwa kafin a buɗe ayoyin. Daga cikin kwari da ke harba Tushen tsiro, digging kaka yana taimakawa ta yadda babu tsayayyen shara.
Mafi shahararren aikace-aikacen thuja shine ado na filaye na sirri, murabba'ai da kuma kantuna. Wannan shine ɗayan shahararrun tsirrai a cikin shimfidar wuri. Kusa da gidan suna da girma a duka biyu kuma kusa da bushes. Kyakkyawan kambi mai kirki yana haifar da shinge mai rai wanda ba za'a iya jurewa ba. A cikin hannaye masu fasaha, an ƙirƙira lambobi masu kyau daga kayan kore. Kada ka manta cewa thuja tana tsarkake iskan, tana cika ta da kauri. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, yana ba da kyakkyawa.
