Koleria - kulawa ta gida, nau'in hoto da iri

Koleria (Kohleria) - ciyawa mai tsire-tsire daga dangin Gesneriaceae tare da pubescent gaba daya shirya ganye da guda axillary inflorescences tare da biyu zuwa uku furanni.

Wannan kwafin kayan ado na cikin gida ne mai tsayi tare da tsayin daka wanda bai wuce 30-50 cm ba, an nuna shi da fure mai dumbin yawa, launuka daban-daban na inflorescences da ainihin launi na ganye.

Wurin haifuwa na Koleria shine arewa maso yamma na Kudancin Amurka, fiye da 60 na nau'ikansa a halin yanzu an san su. A gida, shuka yana da rauni mai saurin girma, amma yana farantawa kyakkyawa kyau fiye da shekaru 3, bayan hakan launinsa yana buƙatar sabuntawa. Don haka, furen yana rayuwa na dogon lokaci kuma ana ɗaukar perennial.

Tabbatar kula da irin kyawawan tsire-tsire irin su nematanthus da smitiant.

M kaddarorin launuka

Koleria lafiyayyen fure ne, maras-giya da kuma fure mai rashin rashin lafiyar jiki, wanda ke da ikon tsaftace iska mara kyau, alamu na hayaki, ƙura da ƙwayoyin mai guba. Dankin yana cike sararin da ke kewaye da iskar oxygen, ionizes da freshens cikin iska

Sabili da haka, ana iya ɗauka mafi kyawun zaɓi don sanyawa a cikin gandun daji, a cikin ɗakin kwana, a dafa abinci.

Koleria: alamu

Baya ga halaye masu amfani, kolerii sun danganta da ikon da suke da karfi na kare gidan da mazaunanta daga marassa kyau, tunani mara kyau da sauran gafala na duniya.

Hakanan, ana daukar fure ne mai bayarwa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya zama daidai tare da ingantaccen makamashi, ba da ƙarfi, inganta yanayin tunanin mutum. A kowane hali, kallon fure shi kadai yana ɗaukar motsin zuciyar kirki da kuma nutsuwa.

Coleria: kulawar gida. A takaice

Koleria a gida yana da unpreentious shuka cewa zai murna da duk budding grower. Babban abubuwanda ke kula da fure:

Kula da launi a gida. Daki-daki

Furewa

Koleria blooms sosai luxuriantly kuma na dogon lokaci. - har zuwa ƙarshen faɗuwa. Suna na biyu na fure - "kararrawa ta Columbia" an tabbatar da cikakke ta hanyar bayyanar inflorescences a cikin nau'ikan shagunan elongated tare da fure biyar a ƙarshen. Baya ga launi mai arziki daga fuchsia mai cike da launin toka da sila, kuma furanni na launuka suna “ado” da ƙananan sautu ko ratsi. Siffofin launin fata na iya samun mafi inuwa mai ban mamaki, alal misali, damisa ko launi na zinariya.

Koleriya yana da kyau don girma ampel, yayi kyau sosai a rataye filayen fure da filayen fure. Don ingantaccen fure, ya isa samar da shuka mai dumin yawa na yau da kullun kuma kwalliyar filayen kwalliya.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Koleriya na gida shine fure na thermophilic wanda ke haɓaka lafiya a cikin yanayin ɗakin talakawa a zazzabi na 23-25 ​​ºС. Tare da farko na yanayin sanyi, shuka yana yin hunturu a 15 ºС. Amma akwai nau'ikan da ke ba da damar hutawa don haka, har ma a cikin hunturu, suna kula da yanayin da aka saba.

Fesa

Koleria yana buƙatar zafi mai zafi, amma baya jure danshi akan ganye ko furanni. Wato, fesawa ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don kula da shuka ba.

Don kula da daidaitaccen ma'aunin zafi a cikin daki mai launi, yana da kyau kuyi amfani da rigar ɗakuna na musamman. Ko kuma fesa daga kwalban fesa wani sarari kusa da fure.

Haske

Plantungiyar koleria a gida ta fi son sasanninta mai kyau, litattafan kudu tare da ɗan inuwa ko glazed na rana. Dankin yana da hoto sosai, amma ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga bugawar iskar wuta. A cikin hunturu, fure yana buƙatar ƙarin haske tare da fitilu aƙalla awanni 12 a rana.

Watering tsarin launi

A lokacin furanni, ana shirya wadataccen ruwa don shuka, amma idan ƙasan ƙasa ta bushe sosai. Waterarfin waterlogging shima yana cutar da fure, kamar kuma rashin danshi. Bugu da kari, wajibi ne don shayar da tsarin launi sosai a hankali, guje wa ingress ruwa a kan shuka kanta.

A matsayin madadin ga classic ruwa - zaku iya amfani da warin jiki ta hanyar kwanon rufi, kazalika da kwance madafa daga ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, an rage yawan ruwa zuwa ƙarami, kawai don rigar da ƙammar earthen a asalin sa.

Tukunya don launi

Don girma furanni, ƙwararrun 'yan lambu sun ba da shawarar zaɓar kwantena masu fa'ida tare da diamita na 20-25 cm. Sau da yawa, kasancewa cikin tukunyar filawa mai yawa shine dalilin rashin furanni a cikin shuka, tunda furen yana da haɓaka tsarin tushen kawai a cikin babban jirgin ruwa.

Don launuka masu ƙanƙanuwa, tukwane da diamita na 6 cm sun isa.

Kasar

Furen yana buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin acidic, ƙasa maras kyau, tare da ƙaramin adadin abubuwan gina jiki. Idan kun dauki gurbin abin da kuka shirya, to zai iya kunshi wadannan abubuwan:

• takarda ƙasa (2 sassa)
• m yashi (1 part)
• peat (1 part)
• humus (kashi 1)

Soilasa ta sararin samaniya don senpolia da gloxinia kuma sun dace da tsarin launi. Da ake bukata ana son a yi amfani da magudanan ruwa.

Taki da taki

Koleria a gida yana buƙatar ciyarwa na yau da kullun, farawa a watan Afrilu - lokacin haɓaka mai aiki, kuma yana ƙare a tsakiyar kaka. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da takin mai ruwa, wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin phosphorus, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga fure mai fure.

Hakanan dacewa ya dace da kayan haɗin abinci wanda aka tsara don orchids da violet. Duk samfura suna narkewa a gwargwado na rabin abin da aka nuna akan kunshin.

Juyawa

Ana yin jujjuya launin a kowane shekaru uku a farkon bazara a ƙarshen lokacin hutawa. Fara aiwatar da daga baya, yayin lokacin buduwa, babban kuskure ne, saboda a wannan yanayin furen zai sauke kwayar ne kawai kuma fure ba zai faru ba.

An ba da shawarar yin jigilar ta hanyar jingina, ba tare da girgiza rhizomes ba kuma, in ya yiwu, ba tare da hargitsi dunkin dajin.

Mai jan tsami

Koleria fure ce ta duniya wacce take kama da kyau duka biyu a cikin yanayin daji da kuma irin nau'in shuka na ampel. Kuna iya ba shi kallon da ake so tare da taimakon girki na yau da kullun, wanda ba wai kawai ya samar da kambi na fure ba, har ma ya sake sabunta shi. Ka'idojin asali don launuka masu kyau:

• wanda aka gudanar a cikin bazara, kafin farkon lokacin girma;
• an cire harbe ko bushe da kayan sawa;
• lokacin ƙirƙirar siffar fure madaidaiciya, duk rassan da suka kai tsawon 20-30 cm an taƙaice su da kamar na uku;
• don tayar da haɓakar ƙananan harbe a kaikaice kuma, daidai da haka, samuwar adadin adadi mai yawa, an bada shawarar rage duk tukwicin harbe.

Yankin lokaci na lokaci zai kara adadin inflorescences, ba furen wata bayyananniyar bayyanar. Kuma akasin haka, idan an cire wannan ma'aunin - rassan shuka suna da mummunar elongated, za a sami karin ciyawar fure.

Lokacin hutawa

Kulawa da launi a gida galibi ya ƙunshi samar da fure tare da matsala mai banƙyama - lokacin da shuka ta daina girma, tana zubar da fudu domin dawo da ƙarfi don sake zagayowar ci gaba. Ya danganta da iri-iri, wasu coleries hunturu tare da ganye, fure kuma suna buƙatar yin ruwa na yau da kullun, amma akwai waɗanda suke buƙatar cikakken kwanciyar hankali - rashin sutura mai ɗimbin yawa, daskararren ƙasa mai laushi.

Idan turgor na ganye ya canza tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, bushewa ya fara - irin wannan shuka yana buƙatar hutawa. Duk wuraren wilted an cire su gaba daya, an sanya daji a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi, mai saurin daidaita shi, kuma har ya zuwa watan Janairu, kula da shi ya hada da ɗan 'yar daskarar da ƙurar yumɓu.

Girma koleriy daga tsaba

Yana da kyau a la'akari da cewa lokacin da aka yaduwa da tsaba, furen mafi yawan lokuta ba ya riƙe halayen ɗan adam. An ba da shawarar yin shuka koleriya a watan Fabrairu. Don yin wannan, a cikin tanki mai fadi da ƙasa tare da ƙasa na musamman don gesneriaceae, ana rarraba tsaba fure ba tare da seeding ba.

Sa'an nan, an girbe amfanin gona da polyethylene ko kuma gilashin gilashi, an saka shi a wani wuri mai ɗumi kuma bayan bayyanar farkon harbe, ana shirya haske yau da kullun. A gaban da yawa balagagge ganye - an shuka shuka a cikin tukwane daban-daban tare da diamita na 6-7 cm. Kafin samuwar daji, yakamata ya sanya yatsun ta don ya bunkasa ci gaban harbe-harbe a kaikaice.

Farfado da koleriya ta sare

Wani zaɓi mai sauƙi da sauri don kiwo kolerii shine haifuwa ta hanyar harbe-harben apical. Har zuwa wannan, ana yanke firan daji na daji tare da abubuwan kara kuzari kuma a sanya shi cikin wata ƙasa ta musamman, ko cakuda yashi na kusan cm 2 Bayan kwanaki 14, Tushen farko ya bayyana, kuma bayan wata daya zai zama cikakkiyar shuka da tsarin tushen ci gaba.

Tun lokacin da aka san "ƙwanƙwasa Columbia" ta babban tushen tushen samuwar, furen shima ya samu nasarar Tushen ruwa.

Sake bugun launi ta ganye

Za'a iya amfani da ganyen fure, harma da itace, don dasa a cikin ƙasa ko ruwa. A farkon lamari, ana sanya ganye a cikin yanayin greenhouse tare da rigar peat-sand substrate kuma a cikin wata daya zaku iya jira farkon matakai na tsarin tushen fitowar. A fasali na biyu, an sanya takardar a cikin akwati tare da ruwa mai kariya mai laushi zuwa zurfin 2 cm. Don hanzarta aiwatar da tsari, a kowane yanayi, ana iya amfani da kowane tushen haɓaka tushe.

Farfadowa da launi ta hanyar rarraba rhizome

Yayin dasa shukar fure Kuna iya kokarin yada shi ta hanyar rarraba tushen - rhizomes. Tsarin rhizome na tsararren tsire-tsire mai lafiya ya dace da wannan, tunda yana da rasso mai yawa, nodes, scal, suna iya bayar da cikakkiyar seedlings yayin rarrabuwa.

Rarraba rhizome zuwa sassa da yawa, kowane ɗayansu an yayyafa shi da gawayi an ba shi izinin bushewa. Sannan ana dasa Tushen a cikin kwantena daban kuma ana shayar dasu kai tsaye. Wannan hanyar haifuwa tana baka damar samun ,a ,a, yan jari, tsire-tsire mai yalwa, ba mai saurin shimfidawa ba.

Cutar da kwari

Babban matsalolin da masu noman fure ke fuskanta lokacin da suke girma koleriy:

• launi baya fure a cikin tukunya mai cike da yawa, haka kuma tare da rashin haske;
• duhu spots a cikin ganyayyaki zai bayyana lokacin shayar da ruwa mai tsauri ko ruwan sanyi;
• ganye juya kodadde ko rawaya launuka sakamakon ƙarancin hasken wuta, tare da zane-zanen akai-akai;
• Koleriya ganye suna Twisted a cikin ɗakuna da ƙarancin zafi;
• bushe ganye tare da bayyanar wuraren lalata a cikin tsarin tushen, wannan na iya kasancewa alama ce mai nuna cewa shuka tana buƙatar tsawon lokaci;
• haske spots a kan ganye (powdery mildew) - cuta ta fungal wacce ke bayyana sau da yawa cikin yanayi mai zafi ko wuce haddi na takin ƙasa.
• plaque launin toka a ganye (oidium) yana haifar da naman gwari wanda ke yaduwa cikin shuka saboda yaduwa mai kaifi a cikin zafin jiki da zafi;
• koleriya sau da yawa saukad da buds saboda wuce haddi da alli;
• bare na koleriya saboda tsananin rashin hasken rana;
• girma a hankali, buds sun faɗi tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa;
• ganyen canza launin ya koma launin rawaya idan furen yakan kasance ƙarƙashin haskoki na zafin rana, ko kuma akwai wurin da za'a sami ɗanyen takin zamani.

Karin kwari da mazaunin mallaka sune aphids, mealybugs mealybugs da kuma ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo.

Nau'in launuka na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Koleria itace fure mara shahara a cikin lamuranmu. Amma duk da haka, nau'ikan da ke biyun sun zama ruwan dare a cikin ciyawar cikin gida:

Cutar zazzabi (lat.Kohleria amabilis)

Furen yana haɗe da launin ruwan kasa-kore mai launin shuɗi tare da silvery villi, harbe 40 cm tsayi, fure mai fure da dukkan launuka masu ruwan hoda.

Kohleria Lindena (lat. Kohleria lindeniana)

Kyakkyawan nau'in shuka iri ɗaya mai tsayi daga 20 zuwa 30 cm, tare da foliage masu launi biyu-biyu da bambancin jijiyoyi, manyan furannin Lilac zuwa 6 cm a girma.

Maki koleriya mai santsi (lat.Kohleria eriantha)

Tana da ganye kore mai zurfi tare da launin ja mai duhu, ruwan lemo ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi suna duban ƙasa.

Kohleria gashi (lat.Kohleria hirsuta)

An rarrabe shi ta hanyar tarin fitila a ƙarƙashin ganye, har da furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da iyakar rawaya a gefunan furannin.

Kohleria bogotensis

Itatuwan mafi tsayi a tsakanin coleries din ya kai 60 cm tsayi, tare da farin-ja marare na harbe, guda ko na biyu wanda aka sanya a ciki tare da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi.