Amorphophallus shine tsiro mai tsiro daga halittar Aroid. Mazauninta shine filin kwanciyar hankali na tropics da subtropics. Yawancin jinsunan wannan dangin suna girma akan dutse, cikin dazuzukan sakandare, da ciyawa.
Bayanin
Iyalin amorphophallus suna da nau'ikan ɗari har guda ɗari waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin girman da farfajirai. Suna girma daga ƙwayar zarra wanda nauyinsa ya kai 90 kilogiram, wanda ke aiki na watanni shida kawai a shekara, sauran lokacin "ya huta". Wani sashi na iska mai kaɗawa ne mai ƙarfi tare da ganye mai girma, fure da fure.
Iri don namo gida
Tsire-tsire na cikin gida na wannan halittar sun hada da fewan nau'ikan amorphophallus. Partashin sashin cob yana da furanni da yawa.
Ganyen tabarma mai launin shudi ne a waje da kuma ja mai duhu a ciki, mai kama da wani siket din da aka zare. A lokacin furanni, yawan zafin jiki na saman cob yana yin zafi har zuwa +40 digiri Celsius, daga wannan yakan fitar da wari mara dadi a kusa da shi, yana maganin pollinators.
The inflorescence ripens har na kwanaki 30, to, da sauri bude ta dare daya. Bayan kwanaki da yawa na fure, amincin saman cob ya keta, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa-berries sun bayyana a kasan.
Cikakke - girman ceri, suna da launi mai haske mai haske. Tuba yana da girma, har zuwa kilogram 90. Ganyen dake da mita 6 a tsayi, tare da kambi mai nisan sama da mita 4, ya mutu bayan kusan shekara daya da rabi.
| Dubawa | Abubuwa na dabam |
| Amorphophallus cognac (kogi) | Kunnen Lilac hue tare da murfin fure. A ƙasan farfajiyar, furannin dukkan maza biyu suna fitowa. Ganyen yana kore, mai disseped, mai kama da laima. A cikin shuka na cikin gida, inflorescence na iya zuwa 80 cm, tsayin ganye da tsinkayen kambi bai wuce mita 1 ba. Diamita na ƙwayar yana zuwa cm 30. Yankin yana yaduwa daga fure. |
| Amorphophallus bulbous | Spadix har zuwa 30 cm tare da kayan kwalliya na fure mai ruwan hoda, lokaci-lokaci tare da furucin kore. M ganye mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi tare da sanarwa mai laushi da siraran rami. Ana yin ta ne ta hanyar kwararan fitila. Sauran sunyi kama da amorphophallus cognac. |
| Titanium | A tsayi, furen ya zarce mita 3, nauyi - 70 kg. Saboda girmanta, Amorphophallus shine titanic wanda aka girma a cikin lambunan Botanical. A cikin yanayin halitta kusan ba ya girma. |
| Amorphophallus majagaba | Yi kama da titanic, amma karami. Dangane da haɓakar peduncle, ganye da kabeji, cognac daidai yake da amorphophallus. |
Kulawar Gida
Itace tana buƙatar samar da microclimate mai kama da mahaifarta. Furen ba shi da ma'ana, mai jure da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki, zayyana, rashin haske. Duhu yana sa ganye ya zama zurfin launin kore mai duhu tare da jan rabe a gefuna. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau da yanayin yanayi, an sanya amorphophallus akan titi.
| Gaskiya | Shawarwari |
| Wuri | Kusa da taga na kudu maso gabas ko kudu maso yamma. A kudu shugaban shading wajibi ne. |
| Haske | Haske mai haske amma ya yadu. Yayin hutawa, fitar baki wajibi ne. |
| Zazzabi | A lokacin girma daga +20 zuwa +23 digiri, hutun hunturu daga +11 zuwa +13. Temperaturesarancin yanayi yana da illa ga shuka. |
| Jin zafi | An fi son zafi mai zafi. Ana buƙatar fesa ruwa a kai a kai. |
Saukowa, dasawa (mataki-mataki)
Amorphophallus ya maye gurbinsa a farkon kowace bazara bayan tarin fitsari ya farka. Iya karfin ya kamata ya fi fadi fiye da tarin fuka, iri ɗaya a cikin diamita da tsayi. An fi son tukwane na tukwane tunda sunada tsayayye.
Babban matakai na juyawa:
- Shirya sabon akwati. Rufe ramin magudanar ruwa tare da guntun tukunyar yumbu.
- Cika ganga da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na magudanar ruwa - cakuda kyakkyawan yumɓun yumɓu, yashi mai laushi da kwakwalwan tubalin. Aara sabo, gurɓataccen magani a tsakiyar tanki.
- Shirya tubers. Tsabtace tare da tsabta mai tsabta zuwa nama mai lafiya. Bi da yanka tare da aidin, yayyafa tare da alli. Bar don bushewa da yawa sa'o'i.
- Yi karamin rami a cikin ƙasa, cika shi da yashi sai a nutsar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙwayar da ke ciki. Soilara ƙasa don rufe tarin ƙwayoyin, yana barin ma'anar haɓaka kawai a farfajiya. Ruwa fure kadan kuma saka a cikin haske, amma ba a karkashin haskoki kai tsaye ba. Sanya ƙasa kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Kasar
Amorphophallus yana ƙaunar ƙasa mai daɗin rai. Kuna iya siyan ƙasa da aka shirya don Aroids ko shirya substrate da kanka, alal misali, gonar lambu da yashi a cikin rabo 4: 1. An bada shawara don ƙara superphosphate 10 g da 1.5 l na substrate.
Watering da ciyar
Bayan dasawa, watering shine farkon zama dole matsakaici, bayan farkon girma - mafi yalwatacce.
A cikin lokacin ciyayi - bayan an bushe kadan daga cikin ruwan. Bayan farkawa, fure tana buƙatar danshi mai yawa da kayan miya. Lokacin shayarwa da fesawa, kawai ana amfani da ruwa mai taushi na zazzabi mai daɗi.
Makonni 4 bayan bayyanar seedlings na farko, kuna buƙatar fara ciyarwa tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 10. Bayan 'yan mintoci kafin miya, da shuka shuka. Mafi yawan, yana buƙatar phosphorus da dan kadan potassium da nitrogen a cikin rabo na 4: 1: 1. An bada shawara don maye gurbin takin mai magani na ma'adinai tare da takin gargajiya. Daga kwayoyin, jiko na taki mai jujjuya ko tsintsayen tsuntsaye wanda aka narkar da ruwa ya dace (20: 1).
Yankuna na fure da dormancy
Amorphophallus yakan fara yin fure a lokacin bazara idan ya farka, ya kuma ci gaba har sai an samar da ganye. Lokacin zagayawa yayi kusan kwanaki 14. A wannan lokacin, ana ganin an rage ƙwayar cutar saboda yawan abinci mai gina jiki. Bayan an gama fure, tsiron ya sake shiga cikin “hutawa” na ɗan gajeren lokaci har tsawon wata guda don maido da albarkatun cikin gida tare da sakin ɗan ganye.
Wani harbi zai yi girma a shekara mai zuwa, mafi girma da tsayi. Dormancy yanayi ne wanda ake takama dashi domin ciyawar amorphophallus. Wajibi ne ga shuka don haka kwayar ta sake samun ƙarfi. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a sanya kwantena tare da kwayar a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa, tare da zazzabi daga +10 C zuwa +14 C. Ana rage mita na ban ruwa.
Idan pollination ya faru a lokacin furanni, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da tsaba suna bayyana a ƙarshen ɓangaren cob. Bayan balagarsu, sai shuka ya mutu. A cikin samar da amfanin gona na gida, wannan lamari ne mai saurin faruwa, tunda yana da matukar wahala a sami gurɓatar pollin a cikin mahallin da ba na fure ba. Lalle ne haƙĩƙa, zuwa ga akalla fure biyu fure na wannan nau'in wuri guda.
Bayan harbin ya bushe, zaku iya cire tuber daga ƙasa, bawo, yanke sassan da keɓaɓɓun, ƙura da yanka tare da gawayi, da kuma tsari a cikin maganin potassiumgangan, bushe. Daga nan sai a kunsa a takarda ku adana a cikin inuwa mai kauri har zuwa farkon kakar.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Furen yana yaduwa a cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali da ƙwanƙwasawa. Hanyoyin sun rabu da ƙwayar mahaifiyar, yayin da tsire-tsire ke "hutawa". An wanke, an kiyaye su na mintina kaɗan a cikin rauni mai karfi na potassiumgangan, bushe da adana har sai lokacin bazara a cikin yashi mai laushi ko a nannade cikin takarda.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na ajiya shine daga +10 C zuwa +13 C. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da sabbin harbe suka tsiro, ana dasa su cikin kwantena. Idan mahaifiyar tuber ta kasance zuwa hunturu a cikin ƙasa, to, matasa sun rabu a cikin bazara. Tare da kwararan fitila, ana aiwatar da irin wannan aiki.
Yana yiwuwa a rarraba ƙwayar cutar don haifuwa yayin lokacin farkawa. Don yin wannan, dole ne a yanka shi zuwa sassa da dama gwargwadon yawan tsirar, ba tare da taɓa su ba. Nitsar da yanka da baƙin gawayi, busassun iska da shuka a yadda aka saba. Yayin aikin, yi amfani da wuka mai tsini, mai tsabta.
Shuka matsaloli
Babban matsalolin wannan fure suna da alaƙa da shawo kan ruwa mara kyau. Wasu kurakurai suna lalata kwalliyar ado na takardar.
Cututtuka, kwari
Wataƙila aphids ko ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo za su iya shafawa. Don hana mamayewa na aphids, akwati tare da fure ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga tsire-tsire masu kamuwa. Sanadin gizo-gizo gizo-gizo busasshen iska ne.
Whitean ƙaramin dige suna bayyana a saman takardar, ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin ƙarafa da cobwebs suna bayyana a ƙarshen ɓangarensa. Don hana wannan matsala, ana buƙatar fesawa akai-akai da kuma ƙara zafi.
Ana iya magance matsalolin kwari ta amfani da Fitoverm ta amfani da hanyoyin fesawa biyu tare da tsawon kwanaki 10. Wannan magani zai taimaka wajen kawar da kekunan dake bayyana akan kasa mai yawan shayarwa. A wannan yanayin, an fesa shiri da ƙasa a cikin tukunya.
Kuskure a barin
| Matsalar | Dalili |
| Dark spots a kan tuber kuma a gindi daga cikin petiole, wanda da sauri blur. | Yawan wuce haddi ko yawan zafin jiki. |
| Ganyen ya bushe. | Rashin taki ko isasshen iska. |
| Ganyen yayi duhu. | Babu isasshen haske. |
| An rufe takardar a wurin mai haske. | Kunar rana |
Amfana da cutarwa
Amorphophallus cikakke abubuwa masu gubobi, benzenes, phenol da formaldehydes, staphylococci, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Kasancewa kusa da wannan tsire-tsire yana da amfani ga waɗanda ke fama da cututtukan zuciya, jijiyoyin ciki, kuma suna da matsalolin ƙwayar cuta na biliary. Abubuwa masu guba da rigakafin damuwa suna fitowa daga ganyen sa cikin yanayi.
A cikin floriculture na gida, wannan ainihin shuka ba ta da wuya. A cikin shekara guda, daga fure mai fure yakan canza zuwa itace a cikin siffar laima mai kama da itacen dabino, sannan kuma ya shiga cikin dankalin turawa.
