Strawberries

Yadda za a magance weevil akan strawberries

Girman strawberries yana buƙatar mai ƙarfi da haƙuri. Amma girma strawberries shi ne rabin da yaki. Har ila yau, wajibi ne don kare shi daga kwari masu yawa (kuma akwai yalwar mutane masu son cin abinci akan strawberries). Daya daga cikin wadannan kwari masu guba wanda zai iya kashe 50-80% na yawan amfanin gona weevils. Alamar da wannan abokin gaba ya kai farmaki shine: bayyanar ƙananan ramuka a cikin koren ganyen shuka, kwatsam na raguwa, da bushewa da buds, kamar dai wani ya yanke su. A irin wannan yanayi, baza ku sami nasarar nasara ba a kan ƙwaro - lokaci ya ɓace, kuma don kada ku rasa dukan girbi, dole kuyi yaki sosai tare da zane. Don hana irin wannan halin, dole ne a shirya a gaba, don sanin mafi kyau abin da zane yake da kuma yadda za a yaki shi da strawberries.e.

Shin kuna sani? Iyali na kudan zuma (elephants) (lat. Curculionidae) yana da fiye da 70,000 nau'in. Sunan ƙwaƙwalwar yana haɗuwa da dogon lokaci a kan kai (rostrum), wanda abin da ƙwaƙwalwa ya siffanta kyallen takarda, tare da taimakon ta yana ciyarwa da kuma sa ƙwai. Gidan yara ya wakilta da nau'o'i dabam-dabam (daga 1 mm zuwa 50 mm), siffofi na jiki (zagaye, lebur, cylindrical, da dai sauransu), launuka. A larvae na wasu weevils zaune a cikin ƙasa, wasu - a cikin flower buds. Kowace jinsin tana da ninkin kansa, naman kansa: mutum yana cin gandun daji, wani yana amfani da itatuwan dabino, wani yana amfani da amfanin gonar, wani (alal misali, granaryvil) yana cin hatsi wanda mutane suka tattara.

Mene ne kwayoyin strawberry suke kama?

Fiye da nau'o'in 5,000 na wadannan ƙwayoyin suna zaune a tsakiyar latitudes. Daga cikin su, mafi girma barazanar zuwa strawberries shi ne rasberi-strawberryvil (lat. Anthonomus rubi). Don samun nasarar yaki da kwaro, kana buƙatar sanin abin da zanen ya fi kama. Girman girma ƙwararrun ƙananan - har zuwa 3 mm, launi na murfin rubutun baki ne baki da launin ruwan kasa. An rufe ƙwanƙasa da gajeren gashi, yana da fikafikan da ya tashi daga shuka shuka. Mace mata suna da yawa fiye da maza. Sunan irin wannan zane yana nuna jaraba - ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ba ta shafi strawberries da strawberries kawai ba, har ma raspberries, blackberries, tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire.

Lokaci na jimawa yana da wata daya da rabi. A wannan lokaci, mace ɗaya tana iya sa har zuwa qwai 50. Ramin-strawberry bevil yana wakiltar wani dindindin daya - ya fi janyo hankulan ta flower buds. A cikin su ne matan mata masu haɗari suna sa qwai (daya a cikin toho daya), daga abin da larvae ke rufewa - farin fari ko tsutsotsi tsutsotsi (shugaban yana da harsashi mai launin ruwan kasa). Bayan kwanaki 20, kotu ta auku. Launi mai laushi mai launin launin launin launi yana da ginshiƙan kayan kai mai daɗi, fuka-fuki, kafafu. Bayan 'yan makonni, red din ya zama babba. Ƙunƙarar kwari a cikin ƙasa a cikin ganyayyaki a karkashin rassan bishiya kuma ya zama mai karfi bayan da kasar gona ta yi zafi da digiri 13 na Celsius.

Shin kuna sani? Mene ne zane-zane? Wuta yana daya daga cikin kwari mai hatsari, cin abinci, ganye, mai tushe, 'ya'yan itãcen kusan dukkanin shuke-shuke da aka sani (ciki har da na ruwa). Yawancin jinsuna suna rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi. Harkokin yanayi na duniya da kuma aikin ɗan adam sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa wasu nau'o'in kayan aiki, tare da kayan da aka shigo a wasu yankuna, sun haɓaka cikin sababbin yanayi. Wani misali mai kama da shi shine zauren dabino na hagu daga kudu maso gabashin Asia, wanda ya zama bala'i ga Faransa, Spain, Mexico, har ma ya isa yankin ƙasar Krasnodar na Rasha (a shekarar 2015, wannan mummunar ya lalata itatuwan dabino a Sochi).

Weevil Harm

Cikakke beetles fita daga ƙasa kuma, a jira na buds, mayar da hankali a tsakiyar strawberry bushes, a kan girma stalks da ganye. Bayan bayyanar buds da mating, mace weevil ta lalacewa da toho, ta saka kwai a ciki, sannan kuma an ba da tsarin da aka ba da: tsutsa, red, yarinya tsoma (kamar a tsakiyar lokacin rani). A sakamakon haka, ƙwayar kwari yana cinye buds, furanni da stalks, ganye na strawberry. Wata mace zata iya lalata furanni 50. Idan akwai karin kwari da yawa, kuma ƙaddarar ƙaya ta karami ne, to, zaka iya rasa girbi gaba daya. Tare da strawberries weevils iya canza zuwa raspberries.

Shin kuna sani? A cikin 1920, a Amurka, a cikin birnin Enterprise (Alabama), an kafa wani abin tunawa ga katako na katako. Manoma ya gina abin tunawa a matsayin abin al'ajabi bayan yaron ya rushe duk amfanin gonar auduga da kuma rushe gonaki. Bayan haka, manoma sun watsar da yancinsu, suka fara samar da wasu sassa na aikin noma da sauri kuma suka arzuta.

Rigakafin rigakafi da hanyoyin fasaha na kula da kwaro

Cutar da kayan shafa-strawberry ya yi yana da kyau cewa matakan da ake bukata don magance shi. Tsarin bayyanar kwaro ya fi sauƙi fiye da ƙoƙarin kawar da shi. Dole a magance rigakafi a cikin fall: bayan ƙarshen girbi, dole ne a yanke duk ganye daga bishiyoyi strawberry, sako, sako, da maganin kwari. Idan ganye suna da alamun lalacewar ta hanyar ƙira, to sai a ƙone su.

Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da wasu ayyuka na aikin gona yana taimakawa ga nasarar nasarar yaki da kivils:

  • yana da muhimmanci don "narke" rasberi da kuma bishiyoyi masu girbi a kan mãkirci (duka tsire-tsire suna daidai da cutar);

  • shuke-shuke iri-iri strawberry tare da gajeren flowering flowering zamani;

  • buds da ganye lalace ta hanyar kwaro;

  • a kullum yin amfani da hanyar inji na magance ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa - tattara ƙwaro daga ƙudan zuma. Zai fi dacewa ku ciyar da shi da sassafe (bayan da dare ba su warke ba tukuna). Da maraice, zaka iya sa takarda, fim a karkashin bishiyoyi (zaka iya yin amfani da tarin layi, da dai sauransu.), Kuma da safe ka girgiza tsire-tsire sannan ka tara kwakwalwa (sa'an nan ka ƙone takarda, ka wanke tire tare da ruwa). Duk da mahimmancin, tasiri na wannan hanyar yana da girma;

  • kokarin gwada kwaro tare da ƙanshi mai karfi (tafarnuwa tafarnuwa, albasa, marigolds, da dai sauransu), kuma dole ne ka karya lokaci ko yanke yanke don bunkasa wari;

  • tono sama da ƙasa don hunturu, ciyawa da Pine needles ko fim mai duhu.

Kwararrun lambu, sun amsa yadda za su magance kowanne hotuna akan strawberries a lokacin bazara, an shawarta su shirya tarkuna ga ƙananan govils. Don haka, an shirya cakuda na musamman: 200 g na sukari da 100 g na yisti ta lita na ruwa. Wannan cakuda ruwan magani a cikin zafi. Sa'an nan ana zuba shi cikin akwati gilashi tare da wuyan wuyansa. An sanya tarko a cikin itatuwan strawberry a lokacin flowering (dole ne a canza cakuda a kowace kwana uku). Wata mafita mafi sauki (amma ba mai tasiri ba) zai kasance da amfani da tarko da aka yi da wani zane (burlap) da kuma kwaskwarimar katako a saman a rana mai zafi. Cire daga zafin rana, ana iya ɓoye su a ƙarƙashin takarda, kuma lambu zai iya cire su (tare da takarda)

Yana da muhimmanci! Yayin da za a yanke shawarar yadda za a kawar da karn din a kan wani strawberry, kana buƙatar tuna cewa matsayin da ya fi muhimmanci ba zai zama hanyar da za ka fara fara yaki da kwaro ba, amma ta lokacin da ka fara wannan yakin. Babu wani mataki na mataki-mataki - zaka buƙatar buga sau da dama a lokacin da gwangwani ya zama mafi m.

Yin gwagwarmayar magunguna

Ɗaya daga cikin amfanin da tsarin kula da ƙwayoyin dabbobi yake nufi shi ne yiwuwar yin amfani da su a kowane lokaci na cigaba da cin nama na strawberries ba tare da lahani ga shuka ba. Tsarin al'ada na buƙatar maimaitawa sau da yawa - ana iya wanke su a lokacin da suke shayarwa ko lokacin hazo. Amfanin magunguna daga magungunan gargajiya a kan strawberry yana da bambanci, saboda haka ya fi kyau amfani da kwarewar da aka tabbatar.

Spraying strawberry bushes suna rare:

  • mustard bayani (100 g busassun mustard a cikin 3 lita na ruwa);

  • wani bayani na potassium permanganate (5 g da 10 l na ruwa);

  • Cikakken chilli mai zafi (1 kg na barkono mai sabo ne da lita 10 na ruwa, ba da abinci na kwana biyu, sa'an nan kuma tafasa don minti 10 da yin amfani da kwanaki biyu.

  • a lokacin samuwar buds - emulsion na mustard da wanke wanke (10 lita na ruwa, 200 g sabulu, 200 g na mustard);

  • jiko na tansy (maraice): 1.5 kilogiram na tansy sabo zuwa lita 5 na ruwa. Nace kwanaki 3-4, 30 min. tafasa, tsarma tare da lita 5 na ruwan sanyi, kafin spraying ƙara 50 g sabulu;

  • alkama tafarnuwa taba;

  • ammonia ruwa (2 tablespoons da guga na ruwa);

  • wani bayani na itace ash (3 kg), wanke wanki (40 g) da lita 10 na ruwa (a lokacin budding);

  • decoction na m wormwood (daya shuka ne dan kadan aikata, tafasa na mintina 15 a cikin 4 lita na ruwa, ƙara 6 lita na ruwan sanyi da 40 g sabulu).

Kyakkyawan sakamakon da aka samu ta hanyar mulching strawberries tare da ash a cikin bazara, kazalika da watering da wani aidin bayani (1 tsp. Kowane guga na ruwa).

Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da aka tambayi lokacin da za a yayyafa strawberries daga barkon, masanan sun ce ya kamata a yaduwa da 'ya'yan itace strawberry a lokacin budding, lokacin da aka kafa buds.

Nazarin Halittu

Don kare lafiyar shuka, mutum da ƙudan zuma zuwa hanyoyin hanyoyin nazarin halittu na tsarin kula da kwayoyin cutar an kusata. Suna da halayen yanayi, kada ku gurɓata kuma kada ku tara a cikin ƙasa, shuke-shuke, da dai sauransu.

An gabatar da su daga farkon lokacin bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Ya kamata a tuna cewa:

  • Sakamakon aikin irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna samuwa ne kawai ta hanyar lokaci;

  • Magani da yawa tare da su ya wajaba;

  • Binciken halittu suna dogara da yanayin yanayi (rage yawan zazzabi, ruwan sama, hazo, da dai sauransu, yana tasiri sosai).

Irin waɗannan shirye-shirye na nazarin halittu daga zane, irin su "Akarin", "Iskra-bio", "Fitoverm", "Nemabakt", "Antonem-F" da sauransu, suna da tsayayya da bushes strawberry bushes. Maganin kwayoyi sun hada da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda zasu iya kare strawberries har tsawon shekaru. Kwayar magani "Cesar" (yana dauke da kwayoyin Pseudomonas B-306, enzymes na naman gwari Stereptomyces avermitilis) yana da kyakkyawan inganci - yana haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da mutuwarsu a cikin kwanaki 5-7. Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi - 10-15 ml da 10 l na ruwa. An yi amfani da kayan samfurori tare da samfurori a cikin kwantar da hankali, yanayin bushe, da maraice.

Chemical spraying

Shirye-shirye na sinadaran kwari na strawberry suna da matukar abin dogara da tasiri. A matsayin abin da yafi kowanne a kan strawberries mafi sau da yawa ana amfani da shi "Karbofos", "Metafos", "Corsair", "Atelix" da "Inta-vir."

Yana da muhimmanci! Kwayoyin sunadarai a cikin abun da ke cikin wadannan kwari suna da matukar m, suna da mummunar sakamako ba kawai a kan kwari ba, amma har ma a kan amfani da kwari (ƙudan zuma), a jikin jikin mutum. Yin amfani (tare da lura da matakan tsaro) na wannan ma'anar yana da hakki a cikin yanayin idan duk sauran hanyoyin bai taimaka ba.

Na farko aiki na strawberries a cikin bazara daga weevil ne da za'ayi kwana biyar kafin flowering. Dole ne a yi mahimmanci na biyu a lokacin rani (lokacin da sababbin sababbin yunkuri zasu bayyana). Tare da ƙwayar cutar pest mai tsananin ƙarfi, ana aiwatar da aikin kaka a lokacin da aka tara girbi. An yi amfani da kayan ƙanshi da sassafe (don kada ya cutar da ƙudan zuma da sauran masu amfani da kwari).