Kaji suna rarraba zuwa iri daban-daban da juna a cikin kaddarorin da mutum ke amfani da shi a cikin ayyukan su. Kwayar ita ce nau'in dabba mai gina jiki.
Don haka, kowane nau'i na kaji, alal misali, yana da halaye na musamman waɗanda ke da muhimmanci ga bukatun iyali. Yaytsenoskie an shayar da kiwo don neman samun qwai, tsuntsaye na nama suna ɗauke da qwai kadan, amma suna da dadi mai yawa, kuma daga nama na daji sunada nama da qwai.
Tsohon asali na Poltava hens yayi aiki Ana nunawa a cikin garin Poltava a 1895kuma a cikin lokaci daga 1928 zuwa 1929. Kaji Poltava sun gano samar da kwai wanda ba a riga ya wuce ba don wannan lokacin: 100 qwai da Layer.
Duk da haka, ci gaba da kiwon kaji a kan sikelin masana'antu ya haifar da raguwar yawan adadin kaji.
Saboda haka, domin adana 'yan asalin na asali, ana kawo kaji daga yankin Karlovsky da Mirgorod na yankin Poltava zuwa gonar Borka, inda suka fara aiwatar da ayyukan da aka tsara. Kuma tun bayan 1953, masana kimiyya sun raba nau'o'in nau'in wannan nau'in ta hanyar launi na launin su: yumbu, baki da zozulist.
Asali da jinsuna
Poltava baki da farko sun zauna a yankin Lubensky na yankin Poltava.
Duk da haka, har zuwa yau, wakilan wannan nau'in sun kusan tafi, amma masana kimiyya suna aiki a kan sabuntawa.
Poltava zozulistaya (cuckoo) irin kaji, wanda ya bayyana a game da lokaci daya kamar yadda ya gabata, an kuma dauka ya zama maras kyau.
A halin yanzu, a cikin wuraren kiwon kaji don ci gaba da samar da jama'a tare da abinci, kawai Poltava yumbu. Irin wannan kaza ne kuma ƙungiyar hens na gandun daji na Ukraine.
Wannan nau'in kaji ana ganin sun samo asali ne a cikin karni na XIX. a yankin Romensky na lardin Poltava. Ta haye ta hanyar ƙetare kaji na Aboriginal tare da shigo da shi a ƙarshen XIX da farkon ƙarni XX. nau'in kaji, kamar fawn orpingtons, sabon hampshire, wyandot da sauransu.
A shekara ta 2007, ta hanyar tsari na Ma'aikatar Agrarian Policy, an rubuta lakaran Poldava a matsayin lakabi da nama.
Girma bayanin Poltava Clay
Majiyoyin Clay suna da haske da murfin gashin launin fata na launin fata tare da launin baƙar fata na ƙarshen ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma gashin tsuntsaye.
Matsakaici mai tsayi mai duhu da ƙuƙwalwa a kan ƙuƙwalwa, ƙananan launin ruwan kasa, ƙuƙwalwar duhu a karshen, launin rawaya ko orange, jan tare da farin furanni na lobe, ƙwarƙashin wuyan wuyansa, jiki marar tausayi da fuka-fuki a jikin jikinsa, wanda aka bayyana a gaban kirjin kuma ya yalwata manya .
Kullun suna rawaya mai launin rawaya ko rawaya a matsakaici na tsawon, rabu da juna, wanda ba a fyauce shi ba, dan kadan ne wanda ke fitowa. Tashin dawowar tasowa yana samar da kusurwa tare da akwati.
Ana iya gano namiji da fuka-fuki mai launin fuka-fuki, fuka-fukai na zinariya a wuyansa, fure mai launin furen ko fure-fure tare da hakora biyar na yau da kullum, manyan 'yan kunne ja da baki baki tare da kositsam inuwa da wutsiya, da mahimman ra'ayi.
Bayanai da fasali na namo
Kwayar karan shine 80-83%.
Dangane da ilimin da ake ginawa na zamani, shekarun da aka fara kwanta shi ne kwana 140-150. Kayan roosters shine kimanin kilogiram 3.2, kaji - 2.1 kg. Noma samarwa ya kai 160 - 217 (!) Qwai a kowace shekara, kuma a halin yanzu masu rikitarwa na mutum suna nuna yawan kwai a qwai 290 a kowace shekara.
Nauyin kwai daya ya bambanta cikin daga 55 zuwa 58 g. Gishiri yana launin ruwan kasa saboda tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in suna masu ɗaukar nauyin zinariya, wanda ya kayyade launin gashin tsuntsu. Nazarin naman wannan nau'i na hens, wanda aka gudanar a shekara ta 1982, ya nuna kyakkyawan furotin na gina jiki da kuma kyawawan nauyin harsashi.
Rashin yawan nama ya kai kashi 52%, kasusuwa - 10.7%; nama yana da dandano mai juyayi da juiciness saboda ƙananan launi na mai tsakanin tsofaffin ƙwayoyi.
Chickens wannan nau'in suna da matukar muhimmanci.
Back a cikin 1970 V.P. Stolyarenko da ma'aikata sun lura cewa jinsunan Polinta sun kasance mafi tsayayya ga cutar sarcoma Rousin idan aka kwatanta da mahaifa na wasu nau'in noma, kuma juriyar neoplasm ya fi sau hudu fiye da sauran nau'o'in, sau.
Tsuntsaye ba su da kyau, sau da yawa sun dace da yanayin shayarwa, suna da hali mai laushi, amma kaji suna jin tsoron sanyi. Ku ci kamar kowane kayan abinci, da kuma hada abinci. Ana daidaita su don amfanin gona na asali da kuma namo a cikin ɗakunan halittu daban-daban iri iri, ciki har da incubators don maganin kwari.
Akwai adadin shawarwari na musamman don kulawa da kaji. Don ƙwarewar waje a cikin karamar kaza, mafi kyawun mutane ne. wuri a kan gado na bambaro, bishiyoyi na itace ko bushe peat, wanda dole ne a canza don kaucewa tarawar pathogens a cikinta.
Dole ne a ba da fifiko ga ƙarshen, kamar yadda peat yana shayar da danshi daga ƙaran kaji, wanda zai hana yaduwar sanyi, kuma yana taimakawa wajen karya gwairan da aka rushe.
A lokacin da kiwo a cikin kwantena na musamman, ba a buƙaci litter, amma bene a cikin cage ya fi dacewa a yi salon salula, don haka ƙullun ya shiga cikin tudun kuma ba ya cutar da tsuntsaye. Zai fi kyau a ci gaba da raguwa a cikin haske kuma a wasu nesa don kada tsuntsaye suyi iyo a cikinta. Don manufar dumama, 3-4 ya kamata a sanya fitilu a cikin keji.
Tsunaye suna buƙatar tafiya. Duk da haka, a lokacin da kiwo ba tare da kiwo ba, dole ne a tuna cewa kaji dole ne su ci, ban da tsaba da ciyawa, har ma da duwatsu don cinyewa chyme.
Dole ne a ciyar da tsuntsaye a cikin hunturu sau biyu a rana, kuma a lokacin da rana za su ciyar da abinci mai laushi (alal misali, bran, cike da ruwa, ganye, nama), da maraice - hatsi; A lokacin rani ya isa ya ciyar da sau ɗaya, sauran tsuntsaye zasu yi amfani da kansu yayin tafiya.
Game da abun ciki na kaji na Poltava, suna son abinci daga masara da masarar masara. Domin ingantaccen samfurin jari-rana, tsarin tsarin haske na yau da kullum ya fi dacewa, tare da rageccen lokaci zuwa 9 hours a makonni 9 da zuwa tsuntsu a mako 18 na shekaru.
A lokacin da aka kai makonni bakwai na abinci ya kamata a sami calorie mai girma da abun ciki mai gina jiki mai girma (20%). Wannan zai tabbatar da isasshen aiki na tsarin tsaftacewa domin cikakken ganewar yiwuwar jigilar jini a lokacin haihuwa.
Tsuntsaye bakwai na shekaru bakwai da haihuwa sun ciyar da abinci mai sutura tare da nuna alamar furotin (14%). Saboda haka, kaji ya isa nauyi da kuma girma.
Wajibi ne don kauce wa karuwar nauyin tsuntsu, saboda wannan yana haifar da kiba. Lokacin da girma a cikin batura, duka a cikin masana'antu da kuma a ɓoye, maza an saka su a cikin kurkuku, kuma bayan kwanaki 2-3 ana kawo musu mata. Yanayin jima'i a cikin yawan jama'a ya zama 1: 8 (akwai kaji 8 ga zakara daya).
Yanzu kaji na wannan nau'in ana ajiye su ne kawai a cikin makirci na kansu ko a cikin masu tarawa don adana lambun mai. A Rasha, da rashin alheri, yana da kusan wuya a samu gona mai noma wanda ya haifar da su. Zaku iya saya tsuntsu kawai a Ukraine ko daga wani mutum mai zaman kansa.
Analogs
Ana iya maye gurbin wakilai na wannan nau'i-nau'i daga nau'i-nau'in ƙwayar kwai na irin waɗannan nau'o'in kamar farin Leggorn da Rasha.
White leggorn dangane da samar da kwai, shi ne mafi yawan nau'o'in kaji na gida a yanzu.
Kowane mutum yana da kwarewa, jimiri, hanzarin girma ga matasa. Gwanin nama ya fara ne a farkon watanni 4.5-5. Noma samarwa ya kai 300 qwai a kowace shekara. Nauyin kaya 55-58 g
Rashanci Rasha Har ila yau, wajibi ne ga yanayin waje. Cinwan da aka samu a shekara ta farko ya kai qwai 200-230 tare da kwai kwai 55-56 g.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, adadin qwai da aka lalace yana rage da 10-20%, amma nauyin kwai na mutum ya kara zuwa 60 g. Kaji fara kwanciya don watanni biyar.
Ba kowa ya san dokoki akan yadda ake kula da orchid a gida ba. Wannan ilimin zai taimaka wajen kaucewa kuskuren kuskure.Saboda haka, kusan kusan karni na tsawon tarihin samuwar dutse na Poltava, godiya ga matakan da aka tsara na wucin gadi daga 'yan asali na asali da raƙuman bashi na tattalin arziki, an canza tsuntsaye a matsayin nau'in samar da samfurori mai kyau, mai kyau nama, dandano da tsayayya da cututtuka daban-daban.
Sakamakon nasara na zaɓi na wucin gadi yana yiwuwa ne kawai a manyan gonaki ko wuraren kiwon kaji tare da haɗin masana kimiyya wajibi.
